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Carbon Monoxide Study in USA

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Contents

• The study aims at providing insights regarding the carbon monoxide (CO) level in USA

• Raw data comes from epa– http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/

detaildata/downloadaqsdata.htm

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CO Q&A

• What is carbon monoxide (CO) and how is it produced?

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a deadly, colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. It is produced by the incomplete burning of various fuels, including coal, wood, charcoal, oil, kerosene, propane, and natural gas. Products and equipment powered by internal combustion engine-powered equipment such as portable generators, cars, lawn mowers, and power washers also produce CO.

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CO Q&A

• How many people are unintentionally poisoned by CO?

On average, about 170 people in the United States die every year from CO produced by non-automotive consumer products. These products include malfunctioning fuel-burning appliances such as furnaces, ranges, water heaters and room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable generators; fireplaces; and charcoal that is burned in homes and other enclosed areas. In 2005 alone, CPSC (US Consumer Product Safety Commission) staff is aware of at least 94 generator-related CO poisoning deaths. Forty-seven of these deaths were known to have occurred during power outages due to severe weather, including Hurricane Katrina. Still others die from CO produced by non-consumer products, such as cars left running in attached garages. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that several thousand people go to hospital emergency rooms every year to be treated for CO poisoning.

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CO Q&A

• What CO level is dangerous to my health?

The health effects of CO depend on the CO concentration and length of exposure, as well as each individual's health condition. CO concentration is measured in parts per million (ppm). Most people will not experience any symptoms from prolonged exposure to CO levels of approximately 1 to 70 ppm but some heart patients might experience an increase in chest pain. As CO levels increase and remain above 70 ppm, symptoms become more noticeable and can include headache, fatigue and nausea. At sustained CO concentrations above 150 to 200 ppm, disorientation, unconsciousness, and death are possible.

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CO Q&A

Carbon Monoxide - Health and Environmental Impacts of CO

• Carbon monoxide can cause harmful health effects by reducing oxygen delivery to the body's organs (like the heart and brain) and tissues. 

• Cardiovascular Effects.  The health threat from lower levels of CO is most serious for those who suffer from heart disease, like angina, clogged arteries, or congestive heart failure.  For a person with heart disease, a single exposure to CO at low levels may cause chest pain and reduce that person's ability to exercise; repeated exposures may contribute to other cardiovascular effects.

• Central Nervous System Effects.  Even healthy people can be affected by high levels of CO.   People who breathe high levels of CO can develop vision problems, reduced ability to work or learn, reduced manual dexterity, and difficulty performing complex tasks.   At extremely high levels, CO is poisonous and can cause death.

• Smog.  CO contributes to the formation of smog ground-level ozone, which can trigger serious respiratory problems.

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CO Q&A

• EPA's Efforts to Reduce CO

EPA set two national health protection standards for CO:   a one-hour standard of 35 parts per million and an eight-hour standard of 9 parts per million.  Across the nation, air quality stations measure the levels of CO and other pollutants in the air.  These measurements are compared to the standards.  Areas that have CO levels that are too high must develop and carry out plans to reduce CO emissions.

• Control of motor vehicle emissions 

Starting in the early 1970's, EPA has set national standards that have considerably reduced emissions of CO and other pollutants from motor vehicles, including tailpipe emissions, new vehicle technologies, and clean fuels programs.  Since 1970, CO emissions from on-road vehicles (which includes cars, motorcycles, light- and heavy-duty trucks) have been reduced by over 40 percent.  The greatest reductions have been in emissions from cars (nearly 60 percent).  

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CO Q&A

Source: http://www.epa.gov/air/emissions/co.htm

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CO Q&A

• Do some cities require that CO alarms be installed?

Many states and local jurisdictions now require CO alarms be installed in residences. Check with your local building code official to find out about the requirements in your location.

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Squid Analytics Study

• Based on public data, Squid Analytics applied its Data Intelligence technology and methodology to define the best and worst areas (greater cities)

• Squid Analytics analysed 10 years of CO level measures in USA

• A 6GB database have been setup and loaded with the EPA raw data

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Squid Analytics Study

• Squid Analytics performed an audit on the raw data containing thousands of different CO sensors measuring levels

• All the information from sensors have been normalized

• Complex CO level incators have been built over great areas gathering cities

• Lots of analyses have been performed on the indicators

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TOP 10 BEST AREASTOP 10 WORST AREAS

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Top 10 best areas

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Top 10 worst areas

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TOP 5 URBAN AREAS

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Reading Pennsylvania (hour)

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Reading Pennsylvania (day)

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Reading Pennsylvania (month)

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Reading Pennsylvania (year)

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Austin Texas (hour)

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Austin Texas (day)

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Austin Texas (month)

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Austin Texas (year)

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Cedar-Rapids Iowa (hour)

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Cedar-Rapids Iowa (day)

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Cedar-Rapids Iowa (month)

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Cedar-Rapids Iowa (year)

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Minneapolis-St.Paul_Minneapolis (hour)

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Minneapolis-St.Paul_Minneapolis (day)

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Minneapolis-St.Paul_Minneapolis (month)

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Minneapolis-St.Paul_Minneapolis (year)

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Lancaster-Palmdale_California (hour)

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Lancaster-Palmdale_California (day)

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Lancaster-Palmdale_California (month)

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Lancaster-Palmdale_California (year)

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TOP 10 WORST URBAN AREAS

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San-Juan_Puerto-Rico (hour)

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San-Juan_Puerto-Rico (day)

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San-Juan_Puerto-Rico (month)

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San-Juan_Puerto-Rico (year)

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Anchorage_Alaska (hour)

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Anchorage_Alaska (day)

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Anchorage_Alaska (month)

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Anchorage_Alaska (year)

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Sarasota-Bradento_Florida (hour)

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Sarasota-Bradento_Florida (day)

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Sarasota-Bradento_Florida (month)

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Sarasota-Bradento_Florida (year)

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Spokane_Washington (hour)

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Spokane_Washington (day)

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Spokane_Washington (month)

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Spokane_Washington (year)

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Phoemix_Arizona (hour)

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Phoemix_Arizona (day)

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Phoemix_Arizona (month)

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Phoemix_Arizona (year)

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Future works

• Compare CO2 versus CO

• Measure the degree of correlation between crime, real estate price and CO & CO2 levels in the USA

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Questions

• All the analyses are free to use. You just need to cite « Source: SquidAnalytics.com

• Contact us: squidanalytics@squidsolutions.com