1 the nature of the scientific research

Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١١

Dr. Ibrahim ghazi

The Nature of The The Nature of The Scientific Research Scientific Research

Lecture No. 1

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٢

It’s a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation to verify

propositions about suspected relationships among variables.

What is The Scientific Research?What is The Scientific Research?

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٣

Another meaning :v Finding out answers to questions through

the application of accurate and objective procedures.

v Finding out more reliable information and better explanations to the observable parts of the universe around us.

v Systematic/ organized inquiry to provide information required to solve problems.

v Objective activity to explore nature to gain better understanding (Movement from known to unknown).

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٤

Characteristics of Scientific Research The basic characteristics distinguish of the Scientific Research are:

v Publicv Objective (Rules – Facts)

v Empirical v Systematic and Cumulative v Predictive (Prediction for future occurrences)

v Accuracy (accurate in observation and description )

v Testability ( Verification and Replication )

v Generalizabilityv Logical Reasoning

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٥

The Scientific Method OverviewThe Scientific Method Overviewv Choose a Problemv Investigate the Problem (Observation )v Develop a solution (Hypothesis)v Plan the Proceduresv Test Hypothesis (Collect Data , Experiments)v Organize Data (tables, graphs )v Draw a Conclusion

٥How to visualize the Scientific Method ?How to visualize the Scientific Method ?




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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٧٧




Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ٨٨

InvestigationInvestigation




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Define/Identify the problem

Form a Hypothesis

Make Observations

Test Hypothesis Perform Experiments

Organize and Analyze Data

Faulty ExperimentsNo

Do Experiments and Observations Support Hypothesis

Yes

Draw Conclusions Communicate Results

New Experiments




Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٠١٠




Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١١

Deductive and Inductive ThinkingDeductive Thinking = "top-down"

Inductive Thinking = "bottom up"

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٢

Objectives of the scientific research

qDescription qExplanationqPredictingqControlqModeling

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٣

Types of ResearchesTypes of Researches1. Descriptive Research2. Analytical Research3. Exploratory Research4. Applied Research5. Quantitative Research6. Qualitative Research7. Conceptual Research 8. Empirical Research9. Diagnostic Research10. Historical Research ١٣




Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٤

What are the differences between the What are the differences between the quantitative and the qualitative Research? quantitative and the qualitative Research?

Quantitative Research • Deals with numerical measurements and

usually identify numerical differences between groups.

Qualitative Research • Deals with how people understand their

experiences.

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٥

Quantitative ResearchQuantitative Research Qualitative ResearchQualitative Research

''SimpleSimple' numeric data' numeric data ''ComplexComplex' rich data' rich data

MeasurementMeasurement MeaningMeaning

ExplanationExplanation UnderstandingUnderstanding

PredictionPrediction InterpretationInterpretation

Representative population Representative population samplesample

Purposive/ representative Purposive/ representative perspective sampleperspective sample

HypothesisHypothesis--testingtesting ExploratoryExploratory

Claims objectivityClaims objectivity Accepts subjectivityAccepts subjectivity

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Dr. Ibrahem Ghazi ١٦١٦




Education

1 the nature of the scientific research