BondingHow are chemical bonds formed?

Chemical Bonds

• Atoms are most stable _______________ _________________________________

• To obtain a full shell atoms can:– ______________or __________ electrons

(forming cations or anions)– ___________ electrons (form a covalent

bond)

Covalent Bonds

• Non-metals generally have 4,5,6,7 or 8 electrons in the outer shell

• If they bond with each other, electrons are shared

Cl Cl

valence electrons can be shared

Cl Cl

Outer shells overlap and valence electrons are shared

Bonds

• Covalent bonds– _________________________________________

_________________________________________– Valence electrons are shared between

___________ atoms to fill a an atom’s octet• ___ shared electrons: single bond • ___shared electrons: double bond• ___shared electrons: triple bond

Lewis Dot Structures – Representing Elements

• Identify the number of valence electrons in each atom.

• Spread them around the atom symbol – first individually, then in pairs

• Oxygen= _________

O

Lewis Dot structures of molecules

• Method #1– Put your atoms together. – If Octet is not filled, slide e-

pairs to form double, triple bonds.

• Method #2– Count total number of

valence electrons. – Fill central atom’s octet

first– Create double, triple bonds

if necessary.

Covalent compounds

• Draw electronic structure diagrams to show how the following elements or compounds are formed:– Methane (CH4)– Oxygen (O2)– Nitrogen (N2)– Water (H2O)– Carbon dioxide (CO2)– Carbon monoxide (CO)

Naming Covalent Compounds

• Draw the structure to find out how many of each element there are.

• Write the formula with correct subscripts.• Name the formula- write the names of the

elements.• Include prefixes to match subscripts.

– NO MONO- on the first element!

• Make sure there’s an “-ide” on the end.

Prefixes

• 1- Mono-• 2- Di-• 3-• 4- • 5- • 6- • 7-

Covalent name formula

• To do this you….

Fill in the following table:

# EACH ATOM FORMULA NAME Bond types

1 CARBON, 4 CHLORINE

HS2

Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur trioxide

2Nitrogen 4Oxygen