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Cape Town Global CongressDecember 2013
Delia BrowneNational Copyright Director
National Copyright Unit
!http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/4378920267/
Slides available @ http://www.slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit/
This work is licensed under the CC Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Australia License (unless otherwise noted)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/au/
“Nearly one-third of the world’s population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.
1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures2 British Council and IDP Australia projections CC BY – C Green 2007
OER are teaching, learning, and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits their free use and re-purposing by
others.
CC BY – C Green 2007
6
OER: Fundamental Values
–Resources are free for any individual to use
–Are licensed for unrestricted distribution
–Possibility of adaptation, translation, re-mix, and improvement.
7
OER in a nutshellOER is about creating repositories of
material which are free to:
AccessUse
ModifyShare
10
Compliance and Cost Issues
• New technologies facilitate access to and storage and sharing of copyright materials.
• This makes copyright a serious issue for the education sector as it must:
– Ensure systems, teachers and students comply with copyright law
– Manage increasing cost implications
• Eg schools paid c.$80m in 2010 for sector-wide licences (more on direct licences & own content)
11
Compliance and Cost Issues• Current to pay to copy/save freely and publicly
available internet content, under the compulsory statutory licence (CAL and Screenrights)
• Current sector-wide licences & statutory exceptions do not necessarily sit well with the current ICT use in education:
– content may not be modified
– content cannot be shared widely (eg with parents, community, other schools)
– Limit on how much you can copy/communicate
12
Website terms and conditions
Website terms and conditions can be unclear and confusing…or absent entirely
….meaning the intention of the website publisher with regards to educational use of
their site is unknown.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kalexanderson/6051120264/
A simple, standardizedway to grant copyright
permissions to your creative work.
CC BY – C Green 2007
Attribution
Non-Commercial No Derivative Works
Share Alike
Step 1: Choose Conditions
CC BY – C Green 2007
UNESCO: http://www.moveoneinc.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/UNESCO.jpg
http://www.eifl.net/system/files/201106/oecd_text_20cm_hd_0.jpg
Global OER• UNESCO
• OECD
• Connexions
• MERLOT
• CK-12
• OER Africa
• OER Brazil
• OER Foundation
• Olnet Wikipedia
• Mozillla
• PIRGS
• OLI
• Universities and Community Colleges
• And many more
The Open
Community
is large,
passionate
and strong
26
Open-Source Textbook Initiatives
California: will determine the 50 most widely-taken lower-
division courses in the California higher-education system
and create textbooks for these courses that will be free in
digital form and in print for $20 or less.
British Columbia: will create 40 new online, open
textbooks for 40 popular post-secondary courses. The
open texts will be free to access and will be able to be
modified.
29
NEW HE Models are En Route
CC BY – C Green 2011
OER in Australia: NDLRN
More than 12,000 digital curriculum resources
that are free for use in all Australian schools
Aligned to state and territory curriculums and are
progressively being aligned to the Australian
Curriculum as it develops
Made available to teachers through state and
territory portals or Scootle.
38
OER in Australia: NDLRN
Issue: most materials are provided free for educational
purposes, but are restricted to centralised, password-protected,
‘web portals’ maintained by the jurisdictions, and development
and re-use of the materials is limited
Adopting a CC licence for these materials will permit greater
access and use of the resources which will encourage innovation
Currently there are 1600 learning resources that have been
transitioned to a CC licence (with hopefully many more to come!)
and are available on Scootle.
39
UNESCO 2012 Paris OER Declaration
On June 22, 2012 the World OER Congress released the 2012 Paris
OER Declaration
The Declaration calls on governments to openly licence publicly
funded educational materials
Australia is a signatory
Signatories will foster research on the development, use and reuse of
OER and their impact on the quality and cost-efficiency of teaching
and learning.
The Congress featured presentations from key supporters of OERs
worldwide. • The President of the Harvard-MIT online learning system edX, announced his organization’s
goal of teaching one billion students through free and openly licensed versions of Harvard
and MIT classes.
• President and CEO of the Commonwealth of Learning based in Vancouver (Canada) said,
“OERs are an important milestone in democratizing education”.
44
Open Access in Australia
• AusGOAL, the Australian Governments Open Access
and Licensing Framework, provides support and
guidance to government and related sectors to facilitate
open access to publicly funded information.
• All jurisdictions in Australia have endorsed AusGOAL
through their Chief Information Officer. However all
jurisdictions are at different stages of maturity in their
implementation.
Jurisdictions
Queensland• The Queensland government has implemented its ‘open data revolution’ by launching their
Queensland Government Data website in early 2013. Each core departmental agency is to publish an open data strategy, including a roadmap to release datasets. Currently there are 587 datasets on the portal. The Queensland government has also modified their entire intellectual property (IP) policy and their Information access and use policy (IS33) to be AusGOAL centric.
New South Wales• Recently, the Minister for Finance and Services released the NSW government’s first Open
Data Policy. With this release, it was also announced that AusGOAL will be the framework and programme of choice for New South Wales whole of government licensing.
Victoria• Victoria’s open data access policy is AusGOAL centric, and the Victorian government has an
open data portal. However, the policy is yet to move into the information (as opposed to data) domain.
JurisdictionsTasmania• Tasmania has the Information Licensing Framework and has endorsed AusGOAL, but their
implementation maturity is low.
South Australia• South Australia’s Cabinet has approved AusGOAL, and their implementation maturity is well
advanced. In September of 2013, the South Australian Premier issued an Open Data Declaration, which requires all government agencies to ensure their data is publicly accessible. South Australia has also launched their Government Data Directory, which provides access to open government data as well as licensing their entire South Australian internet portal under a Creative Commons Attribution licence.
Western Australia• Western Australia as modified their IP Policy to be AusGOAL centric.
Northern Territory • The Northern Territory through their CIO has endorsed AusGOAL, but is yet to begin
implementation.
Jurisdictions
The Commonwealth
• The Commonwealth is on Principle 6 of the Office of the Australian Information Commissioner’s ‘Principles on Open Public Sector Information.’ These means the Commonwealth has: 1) successful implemented open access to public sector information as a default position; 2) engaged the community online in policy design and service delivery; 3) managed information as a core strategic asset; 4) robust information asset management; and 5) encourages sharing of public sector information by making it discoverable and useable by the community and other stakeholders.
• Furthermore the Attorney-General’s Department and the Department of Finance have endorsed AusGOAL; and the Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Bureaus of Statistics, Geoscience Australia, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare will all soon be licensing their material under a Creative Commons Attribution licence.
• Some Commonwealth material, such as QuickStats and the most recent Census data, is already being released under a Creative Commons Attribution licence.
• In addition to the above, AusGOAL is being endorsed in particular domains across jurisdictions. For example, the National Plan for Environmental Information has recommended AusGOAL to all of the jurisdictions for environmental information.
53
Open Education Resources
Some good OER sites include:
1. Curriki: http://www.curriki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Main/WebHome
2. OER Commons: www.oercommons.org/
3. Encyclopaedia of Life: www.eol.org/
4. Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network: www.ckan.net/
5. Connexions: www.cnx.org/
6. Teaching Ideas: www.teachingideas.co.uk/
The Smartcopying website lists Open Education Resources:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
54
Free for Education Initiatives
• A number of organisations have agreed to make their online material free for education:
– Enhance TV Website http://www.enhancetv.com.au
– Museum Victoria http://museumvictoria.com.au
– Cancer Council http://www.cancer.org.au/Home.htm
– World Vision http://www.worldvision.com.au
• Material available on these websites can be copied for ‘educational purposes’.
The Smartcopying website lists FFE websites:
http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/936
55
CC sites
• Encyclopedia – Wikipedia
• Photos - Flickr
• Videos - Blip.tv
• Music - Magnatune
• Sounds - Opsound
• Articles - Directory of Open Access Journals
• Remix community – ccMixter
• Everything else - Internet Archive
References • This presentation – http://www.slideshare.net/nationalcopyrightunit/
• Smartcopying website - http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go
• CC BY SA – C Green 2007 - http://www.slideshare.net/cgreen/sloan-the-
obviousness-of-open-policy
• Flickr images - http://www.flickr.com/
• CC in Australia - http://creativecommons.org.au/
• CC in Australian government -http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Government_use_of_Creative_Commons#Australia