RAPESEED & MUSTARD

FAMILY: CRUCIFERAE

URDU: SARSON

PUNJABI: SARON, RAYA,

TARAMIRA ETC.

RAPESEED & MUSTARD

Brassica compestris Desi Sarson

Brassica napus Ghobi/Japani Sarson

Brassica juncea Raya/Indian Mustard

Eruca sativa Taramira

Brassica carinata Abesina Raya/Gulabi Sarson

Less Economic Importance in Pakistan

Brassica nigra, Brassica tourne fortii, Sinapsis alba

RAPESEED & MUSTARD

ANNUAL

RABI

LONG DAY

TAP ROOT

DETERMINATE

RAPESEED & MUSTARD

SELF POLLINATION (Brassica napus)

SELF/CROSS POLLINATION (Brassica compestris)

POLLINATION

POD (5-10 cm long)

TWO CARPELS

15-40 small, round seeds of different colors

4-6 TSW/TGW

FRUIT

TOP COUNTRIESRAPESEED MUSTARD

COUNTRY PROD. (T) COUNTRY PROD. (T)

CHINA 13,082,010 CANADA 186,400

CANADA 11,866,200 NEPAL 155,050

INDIA 6,410,000 UKRAINE 64,400

GERMANY 5,697,600 MYANMAR 58,300

FRANCE 4,815,520 RUS. FED. 36,410(FAO,2010)

PRODUCTION

PAKISTAN 2010-11

Area (ha) 439,000 ha

Production (Seed) 157,000 tones

Yield (Seed) 0.36 t ha-1

Production (Oil) 50,000 tones

Yield (Oil) 0.11 t ha-1(ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAKISTAN)

ORIGIN

NO DEFINITE INFORMATION

2000 B.C

INDIA, CHINA, JAPAN

WILD B. compestris WEST. EUROPE to CHINA

AFGHANO PAKISTAN REGION

MEDITERANNEAN REGION

TURKO-IRANIAN REGION (secondary centre)

IMPORTANCE

OIL IN PICKLES & COOKING

MYAONISSE & BUTTER

LUBRICANT IN INDUSTRY

CVs LOW IN ERUCIC ACID & GLUCOSINULATES

’00’ TYPES

IMPORTANCE

YOUNG LEAVES AS VEGETABLE

FODDER

PICKLES

SALLAD

CLIMATE

AVE. DAILY TEMP. 30 °C

IRRIGATED AREAS

25-30 % AREA IS RAINFED

TARAMIRA FAIRLY ADAPTED TO RAINFED

CONDITIONS

SOIL

WELL DRAINDED SOILS

CAN’T TOLERATE WATERLOGGING

MUSTARD TOLERATE VARIETY OF SOILS

RAPES PREFER LIGHTER SOILS

ROOT DEVELOPMENT

TAP ROOT

LATERAL ROOTS

SHALLOW SUBSURFACE SOIL

INFLORESCENCE

PALE YELLOW

1.2-1.5 cm LONG

OPEN

PRIMARY TILLAGE

DEEP PLOUGHING BY MOULD BOARD 30 cm

CLOD CRUSHING

LEVELLING/PLANKING

SEED BED PREPARATION

1-2 SHALLOW PLOUGHING

1-2 PLANKING

VERY FINE SEED BED

SOWING TIME

WINTER/RABI

OCT. – NOV. (APR. –MAY)

TORIA & POORBI RAYA AS ZAID KHARIF

AUG. – EARLY SEP. (DECEMBER)

CRUCIAL, EARLY SOWING, ERALY PODS

AFFECTED BY FROST

LATE POD/SEED HOT SEASON

SOWING METHOD BROADCAST

SEED SOAKING (6-12 HRS) IN RAINFED AREAS

RIDGE SOWING

R – R = 40-65 cm

SEED RATE

2 – 8 Kg ha-1

112 56 50 (NPK) Kg ha-1

HALF N & WHOLE P & K AT SOWING

REMAINING N WITH 1st IRRIGATION

FERTILIZER

IRRIGATION

12- 15 ACRE INCH

------- IRRIGTION

EVERY 20-30 DAYS INTERVAL

MOSTLY RAINFED

WEEDING & INTERCULTURE

15-20 DAG THINNING TO 5-10 cm

FIRST HOEING AT 6-8 cm TALL PLANTS

SINDH TWO & PUNJAB 1-2 HOEINGS

AFTER FIRST & SECOND IRRIGATION

HARVESTING, THRESHING & STORAGE

STEMS & PODS YELLOW

DARK SEEDS & RATTLE AT SHAKING

180-200 DAYS

MANUAL/MECHANICAL TRHESHING

WINNOWING, SUN DRYING & STORAGE

INSECT PESTS

PAINTED BUG & APHIDS

ADULTS & NYMPHS SUCK CELL SAP

FROM LEAVES, FLOWER & PODS

DISEASES

POWDERY MILDEW

DOWNY MIDEW

WHITE RUST

VARIETIES

BULBUL 98

HIOLA 401

HIOLA 43

PAKOLA

POORBI RAYA

RL-18

PEELA RAYA

RD-80