Troposphere (12 Km height)

Estratosphere (50 Km height)

Fig. 1

Atmospheric Elastic Envelope (air)

Elastic Zone of Thermal Inflection

Zone of Low Pressures Zone of Low PressuresZone of High Pressures

SEMS and ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE

As we know, the main states of matter are three: solid, liquid and gas; states whose respective elasticities have their corresponding formulas or equations. We also know that the atmosphere is the gaseous part that surrounds the Earth and that this consists of 5 layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere or ionosphere and exosphere. The troposphere is the lowest layer in contact with the earth and with higher density , since it supports the other layers and wherein the greater thermal variations take place, leading in turn to the variations of pressure (high and low pressure) , which are the cause of the meteorological or climate phenomenas. Such variations of pressure, as happens with the elastic waves in the hydrosphere (waves) , lithosphere (seismic waves) and in the bodies or solid structures (vibrations), they also give origin to the air or gaseous elastic deformations within the layer or tropospheric structure, according to the elasticity equations of air or gases.

This means that any variation of the temperature or thermal energy will have its own elastic envelope (EE) of gaseous nature (Fig. 1), whose values are directly proportional to the values of the Barometric Pressure, which gives origin to the displacement and/or pressure of the masses of hot or cold air into the troposphere which we call wind. The variations of the barometric pressure by the temperature effect is which gives origin to the different weather phenomenas (wind, rain, snow, hail, clouds, tornadoes,...).

By interrelating the different values of the barometric pressure according to the SEMS system, we could get the Elastic Envelope of the Gaseous Structure (EEEG) of any area or desired Earth quadrant, so that these two New Physical Laws (SEMS) would approximate us to a more accurate knowledge of meteorology, with an accuracy close to the exact sciences (more accurate knowledge of the area, intensity and duration of the weather phenomenon to come).

MIGUEL CABRAL MARTÍN

SEMS = structural elasticity measurement system

= Aneroid Sensors

Zone of High Pressures

Zone of Low Pressures Zone of Low Pressures

BIAXIAL SPEED INDICATOR (Fig. 4)This indicator would indicate the speed and direction of air in the four directions in the horizontal plane: headwind, lateral, tail and any other direction according resultant by combining measures.This indicator would be especially useful in takeoffs and landings in "difficult" airports, and adverse or changing weather conditions, especially in takeoff and landing with strong crosswinds.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 3

In Fig. 2, the sensors used for the measurement of the wind speed (both in the vertical and in the horizontal), would preferably be of the elastic or aneroid’s type (wafers, diaphragms, capsules,...) as in Fig. 3. In the case of the use of weather investigation aircrafts, they would also determine the real speed of the wind with the help of GPS indicators.

Aneroid Sensors

MIGUEL CABRAL MARTÍN

Lateral view of biaxial type speed indicator with aerodynamic cowling. The number and location of the indicators will be according to criteria to be determined in accordance with appropriate tests.

= Wind flow

Fig. 2

ANEROID SENSORS

Gravitational Force of the Moon

Respect to the aeronautical structures and in general, the more precise concept of the "aeroelasticity" would be: the study of the elasticity or elastic behavior of air and its effect on the elasticity of a body or structure, is at rest or in motion. The inclusion of the moon within the system SEMS as reference measure (by GPS), is understood to be obliged to determine the possible effect of the lunar gravitation on meteorological phenomena, and in particular by its influence on the hydrosphere (tides).

MIGUEL CABRAL MARTÍN

PREVENTION

With the current technology (state of the art), and the research results obtained during decades, these new physical laws or system (SEMS), will allow us an update and/or the sufficient improvement of the current scientific knowledge of meteorology, as to foresee the maximum real intensity of the adverse effects on weather phenomenas.

MOONAs a reference of

gravitational measure with respect to its distance from the Earth, within a general

network of measures (SEMS)