Vertebrates

Chapter

Animal Kingdom

Invertebrates Vertebrates

Animals without a

Backbone or Spinal Column

Animals with a Backbone or

Spinal Column

Invertebrates

Jellyfish

Snail

Butterfly

Starfish

Octopus

Shrimp

Cold-blooded Animals

• They take on the temperature of their surroundings

• They are hot when their environment is hot and cold when their environment is cold

• In hot environments can have blood that is much warmer than warm-blooded animals

• In warm environment more active

• In cold environment sluggish and lazy – This is because their muscle activity

depends on chemical reactions which run quickly when it is hot and slowly when it is cold. Period of inactivity is called aestivation (hibernation)

Warm-blooded Animals

• Try to keep the inside of their bodies at a constant temperature. – In a cooler environment by generating their

own heat – In a hotter environment by cooling

themselves when they are hot.

• To generate heat, warm-blooded animals convert the food that they eat into energy.

Types of Food-eating Animals

• Carnivorous Animals that eat other animals

• Herbivorous only eat vegetables

• Omnivorous eat both meat and plants

Vertebrates

Vertebrates are further divided into five main groups:

– Pisces Fish– Amphibia Amphibians– Reptilia Reptiles – Aves Birds– Mammalia Mammals

• They are aquatic and live in different habitats– Fresh water, Salt water, Ocean,

Rivers– Except Dead Sea

• Fish are cold-blooded

• Skin Scales

• Means of locomotion fins

Pis

ces

• Respiration Through gills– Exception: Lung-fish, and snake-head fish

have two respiratory systems

Lung Fish

Snakehead Fish

• Eating habit– Carnivorous Angler fish, Shark, Wolf

fish, Catfish, Snakehead – Herbivorous Trout, Goldfish, Scat,

Pacu, Clown fish– Omnivorous Panda corydoras,

Swordfish, Piranha

Shark

Vampire Fish

Carnivorous Fish

Wolf Fish

Angler Fish

Goldfish

Rainbow Trout

Herbivorous Fish

Clown Fish

Tuna

Piranha

Panda Panda corydoracorydorass

Omnivorous Fish

Swordfish

• Live both on land and water

• Cold-blooded

• Egg-lying– Immature life in water Gills– Adults live on land Lungs and

absorption through skin

• Slimy skin absorb moisture and oxygen through skin– Without moist conditions, their skin

dries out and they die.

Am

ph

ibia

ns

• Habitat– Mostly often found near ponds,

marshlands, swamps, and other areas where freshwater is available

• Locomotive organs– Young ones tail– Adult Legs

• Examples– Frog, Toad, Salamander, Axolotl, Blind olm

Toad

Frog

Poison Dart Frog

Salamander

Axolotl

Axolotl

Blind Olm

Red-spotted Newt

• Cold-blooded

• Skin Dry, Tough and Scaly– As a reptile grows, it sheds its outer

layer of skin.

• Tetrapods two sets of paired limbs

• Sprawling posture the upper legs join the body at the sides.

Rep

tile

s

• Respiration Lungs

• Hearing organs– Lack outer ears– Inner ear respond to vibrations

• Capable of regeneration– Lizard

• Longevity– Tortoise and turtles live up to 150 years– Crocodiles can live up to 100 years

Herbivorous Reptiles

Tortoise

Prehensile tailed skink

Mali Uromastyx

Pogona Vitticeos

Green Iguana

Crocodile

Alligator

Carnivorous Reptiles

Snapping Turtle

Leatherback Turtle

Chameleon

Anaconda

Turtle

Omnivorous Reptiles

The Red The Red Eared Eared TerrapinTerrapin

Water Dragon

• Adapted for flight– Exception: Hen, Penguin, Peacock, Ostrich,

Kiwi, Emu, Turkey, The Falkland Flightless Duck, Rheas, Cassowaries, Flightless Comorants, Snoring Rail, Campbell Island Teal, The Kakapo Parrot

• Warm-blooded

• Egg-lying

• Skin Have feathers– Prevents loss of body heat– Helps in flight– Exception: Penguin

Ave

s

• Hollow bones– Provide passage for air from lungs, which supply it

direct to all parts of body

• Locomotive organs– Wings, exception Penguins– Legs– Toes Adapted for particular purposes

• Hearing organ– Lack outer ear– Inner ear

• Mouth Beak (Adapted for particular purposes)

• Neck Flexible– For wide vision– Aid feeding– Helps in sleeping

• Sense of sight Most important organ

• Habitat Land, Air, Water

• Migration Annual and seasonal.

• Eating habits– Herbivorous Sparrow, Pigeon, Duck,

Goose, Cockatoo, Blue macaw, Toucan, Ostrich, Swan, Nightingale, Parrot, Lovebird

– Carnivorous Eagle, Kites, Pelican, Owl, Falcons, Hawks, Roadrunner, Kingfisher, Vulture, Penguins

– Omnivorous Crow, Ravens, Rail Birds, Emus, Starlings, Flamingo, Woodpecker

Flightless Birds

Peacock

Kiwi

Hen

Rooster

Ostrich

Emu

Rheas

Penguin

The Falkland The Falkland Flightless Flightless DuckDuck

Campbell Campbell Island TealIsland Teal

CassowariesCassowaries

Flightless Flightless ComoranComorantsts

Snoring RailSnoring Rail

The The Kakapo Kakapo ParrotParrot

Herbivorous Birds

Pigeon

Sparrow

Goose

Cockatoo

Toucan

Nightingale

Blue Blue MacawMacaw

Swan