1

APPENDIX-IREVISED SCHEME OF STUDIES

FOR FIVE YEARS DVM DEGREE PROGRAMME

EXISTING COURSESCOURSE NO. COURSE TITLE Credit Hours

SEMESTER IMajor Courses

ANAT-101 General and Systemic Anatomy 4(1-6)PHYS -101 Physiology-I 4(3-2)

LM-101 Livestock Management and Housing

3(2-2)

Supporting Courses

BIOCHEM-101 General Biochemistry 4(3-2)STAT-101 Biostatistics and Computer

Application3(2-2)

ZOOL-101 Fisheries and Aquaculture 3(2-2)RS-101 Rural Sociology 2(2-0)

Total 23

REVISED COURSESCOURSE NO. COURSE TITLE Credit Hours

SEMESTER I

ANAT-101 General and Systemic Anatomy 4(1-3)ANAT-102 General Veterinary Histology and Embryology 3(1-2)BIOCHEM-103 Basic Biochemistry 3(2-1)PHYSIO-101 Cardiovascular, Respiratory & Renal Physiology 3(2-1)CS-102 Computer Applications 1(0-1)LM-101 Introduction to Livestock Management 1(0-1)PS-101 Introduction to Poultry Production 2(1-1)IS-202/SSH-402

Islamic Studies /Ethics (For Non-Muslims/Foreigners)

3(3-0)

ENG-101 Composition and Communication Skills 3(3-0)MED-101 Animal Contacts 1(0-1)

Total 24

SEMESTER IIMajor Courses

ANAT-102 Comparative Anatomy 4(1-6)ANAT-103 General Histology and Embryology 4(1-6)PHYS-102 Physiology-II 4(3-2)PHYS-103 Physiological Chemistry 4(3-2)ABG-101 Animal Genetics and Population

Genetics4(3-2)

AN-101 Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-2)Total 23

SEMESTER II

ANAT-103 Comparative Anatomy 4(1-3)ANAT-104 Systemic Veterinary Histology 3(1-2)MICRO-102 Molecular Biology 3(2-1)PHYSIO-102 Physiology of Digestion and Lactation 3(2-1)BIOCHEM-104 Biochemistry of Metabolism 2(2-0)ABG-101 Introduction to Animal Breeding and Genetics 4(3-1)

ANFT-111 Principles of Animal Nutrition 3(2-1)SSH-102 Pakistan Studies 2(2-0)

2

Total 24SEMESTER IIIMajor CoursesANAT-204 Systemic Histology 3(1-4)PATH-201 General Pathology 4(3-2)PARA-201 General Parasitology and

Protozoology3(2-2)

MICRO-201 General Microbiology and Immunology

4(3-2)

AN-202 Feed Resources/Forage Conservation

3(2-2)

ABG-202 Animal Breeding Plans and Policies

3(2-2)

Supporting CoursesBIOCHEM-202 Molecular Biology 2(2-0)

Total 22

SEMESTER III

PATH-202 General Veterinary Pathology 4(3-1)PARA-201 General Veterinary Parasitology 2(1-1)PARA-202 Veterinary Protozoology 2(1-1)MICRO-203 General Veterinary Microbiology 3(2-1)MICRO-205 Fundamentals of Immunology 2(1-1)ANFT-211 Animal Feed Resources and Forage Conservation 3(2-1)PHYSIO-203 Endocrinology and Neuromuscular Physiology 2(1-1)PS-202 Poultry Breeding and Hatchery Management 2(1-1)ZOOL-201 Introduction to Fisheries and Aquaculture 2(1-1)MATH-200 Elementary Mathematics 2(2-0)

Total 24

SEMESTER IVMajor CoursesPATH-202 Systemic Pathology 4(3-2)PARA-202 Helminthology 4(3-2)MICRO-202 Bacteriology and Mycology 3(2-2)PHARM-201 General Pharmacology and

Toxicology4(3-2)

AN-203 Nutrient Requirements of Livestock & Poultry

3(2-2)

AR-201 Physiology of Reproduction 3(2-2)PH-201 Poultry Management and Housing 3(2-2)

Total 24

SEMESTER IV

PATH-203 Systemic Veterinary Pathology 4(3-1)PARA-203 Veterinary Helminthology 4(3-1)MICRO-206 Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology 3(2-1)PHARM-201 General Veterinary Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics 3(2-1)LM-202 Small Ruminant Production 2(1-1)ANFT-212 Feed Evaluation, Formulation and Processing

Technology3(2-1)

STAT-202 Biostatistics 3(2-1)Total 22

SEMESTER VMajor CoursesPHARM-302 Systemic Pharmacology and

Therapeutics4(3-2)

SEMESTER V

PHARM-302 Systemic Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 3(2-1)MICRO-307 Systemic Veterinary Virology 3(2-1)

3

MICRO-303 General and Systemic Virology 3(2-2)PARA-303 Veterinary Entomology 3(2-2)AN-304 Feed Evaluation Formulation and

Processing Technology3(2-2)

LM-302 Buffalo and Cattle Production 3(2-2)Supporting CoursesAE-303 Livestock Economics and

Business Management3(3-0)

AEE-302 Livestock Extension Education 3(2-2)Total 22

PARA-304 Veterinary Entomology 3(2-1)AE-305 Livestock Economics and Business Management 3(3-0)PATH-304 Necropsy Practices 1(0-1)ANFT-311 Poultry Nutrition 2(1-1)ANFT-312 Ruminant Nutrition 2(1-1)LM-305 Dairy Production 3(2-1)AEE-320 Introduction to Livestock Extension Education 2(1-1)

Total 22

SEMESTER VIMajor CoursesMED-301 General Medicine 3(2-2)SURG-301 General Surgery 3(2-2)LM-303 Sheep and Goat Production 2(1-2)PH-302 Avian Production and

Management3(2-2)

PATH-303 Food Animal Pathology and Abattoir Waste Management

3(2-2)

MED-302 Pet Animals Welfare and Management

2(1-2)

MED-303 Lab and Zoo Animals Welfare and Management

2(1-2)

Supporting CoursesSSH-301 Pakistan Studies 1(1-0)FST-401 Dairy Products and Processing

Technology3(2-2)

SEMESTER VI

MED-301 General Veterinary Medicine 3(2-1)SURG-301 General Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology 3(1-2)FST-314 Dairy Products Technology 2(1-1)MED-302 Lab and Zoo Animals Welfare and Management 1(0-1)THERIO-301 Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination 3(2-1)PHARM-304 Veterinary Toxicology and Chemotherapy 2(1-1)SURG-302 Diagnostic Imaging 2(1-1)PS-305 Poultry Housing and Farm Management 3(2-1)LM-306 Beef Production 2(1-1)

Total 21

4

Total 22SEMESTER VIIMajor CoursesSURG-402 Regional Surgery 3(1-4)MED-404 Systemic Medicine-I 4(4-0)AR-402 Reproductive Biotechnology 2(2-0)PARA-404 Meat Inspection 2(1-2)MICRO-404 Milk and Milk Products Inspection 2(1-2)LM-404 Equine and Camel Production 2(1-2)PATH-404 Clinical Pathology 2(0-4)AR-403 Reproduction Clinic-I 2(0-4)MED-405 Medicine Clinic-I 2(0-4)SURG-403 Surgery Clinic-I 2(0-4)Supporting CoursesIS-401SSH-402

Islamic Studies OREthics (For Non Muslims)

1(1-0)

Total 24

SEMESTER VII

SURG-404 Small Animal Surgery 3(1-2)MED-404 Systemic Veterinary Medicine-I 3(3-0)PATH-407 Meat Hygiene and Public Health 2(1-1)MICRO-409 Milk Hygiene and Public Health 2(1-1)ABG-406 Animal Breeding Plans and Policies 3(2-1)THERIO-402 Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases 4(2-2)THERIO-403 Reproduction Clinic-I 2(0-2)MED-403 Medicine Clinic-I 2(0-2)SURG-403 Surgery Clinic-I 2(0-2)

Total 23

SEMESTER VIIIMajor CoursesMED-406 Systemic Medicine-II 3(3-0)SURG-404 Radiology, Shoeing and

Soundness2(1-2)

AR-404 Obstetrics and Genital Diseases 4(2-4)MED-407 Medicine Clinic-II 3(0-6)SURG-405 Surgery Clinic-II 3(0-6)AR-405 Reproduction Clinic-II 3(0-6)LM-405 Livestock Farms Operations 5(1-8)

Total 23

SEMESTER VIII

THERIO-404 Introduction to Reproductive Biotechnologies 2(2-0)MED-406 Systemic Veterinary Medicine-II 3(3-0)PATH-408 Forensic Medicine and Jurisprudence 1(1-0)SURG-406 Large Animal Surgery 2(1-1)SURG-407 Shoeing and Soundness 2(1-1)THERIO-405 Reproduction Clinic-II 2(0-2)MED-405 Medicine Clinic-II 2(0-2)SURG-405 Surgery Clinic-II 2(0-2)PATH-409 Veterinary Clinical Pathology 2(0-2)LM-408 Equine and Camel Production 2(1-1)

5

Total 20

SEMESTER IXMajor CoursesMICRO-505 Veterinary Epidemiology and

Public Health4(2-4)

PATH-505 Poultry Pathology 3(2-2)PATH-506 Livestock Health Hazards

Management1(1-0)

MED-508 Technical Report Writing and Presentation

1(1-0)

MED-509 Medicine Clinic-III 3(0-6)SURG-506 Surgery Clinic-III 3(0-6)AR-506 Animal Reproduction Clinic-III 3(0-6)PH-503 Poultry Farms Operations 5(1-8)Supporting CoursesZOOL-502 Biodiversity 1(1-0)

Total 24

SEMESTER IX

MICRO-511 Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health 3(2-1)PATH-510 Poultry Pathology 3(1-2)MED-508 Dairy Herd Health 2(1-1)FST-501 Meat and Slaughter Byproducts Technologies 3(2-1)THERIO-506 Reproduction Clinic-III 2(0-2)MED-507 Medicine Clinic-III 2(0-2)SURG-508 Surgery Clinic-III 2(0-2)THERIO-507 Small Animal Theriogenology 2(0-2)

Total 19

SEMESTER XInternship

SEMESTER X

FVS-501 Internship-I: Poultry Farms/Research Institutes 2(0-2)FVS-502 Internship-II: Livestock Farms/Hospitals 2(0-2)FVS-503 Technical Report Writing and Presentation 1(0-1)

Total 5

Grand Total: 207 Grand Total: 204

Total Contact Hours: Theory = 108, Practical = 19201 Contact Hour for Theory is Equal to 01 Credit Hour03 Contact Hours for Practical are Equal to 01 Credit HourTotal Credit Hours; 108 + 64 = 172

6

7

DVM SCHEME OF STUDIESEXISTING AND REVISED COURSE CONTENTS

Existing Course Contents Revised Course ContentsSemester 1 Semester 1ANAT-101 GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC ANATOMY 4(1-6)

THEORY Introduction and importance of the subject. Study of form and structure of the small animal’s body (Sheep/Goat and Dog). Anatomical terminology, definitions, functions and theoretical consideration of the form and structure of the body.

PRACTICALDemonstration and explanation of Osteology: Classification, physical and chemical compositions of bone. Skeleton: Main divisions and identification of all the bones forming the hard framework. Syndesmology: classification, anatomical, physiological and combined foregoing considerations to recognize all the joints of the body. Myology: Pattern of muscle development. Dissection and demonstration of muscles of head. Muscles of dorsolateral and ventrolateral cervical region. Muscles of thorax, trunk, abdomen, tail and limbs (fore and hind). Splanchnology: Demonstration of the various organs of different systems in the cranial, oral, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities: their arteries, veins, lymph glands and nerves. Brain, spinal cord and meninges. Aesthesiology: Study of the sense organs including eye, ear, skin and its appendages.

Books Recommended Getty, R., S. Sisson and J.D. Grossman, 1986. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia and London.Haward, E. and D. Alexander, 2000. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. W. B Saunders Co. USA.Miller, M.E., 2000. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. Itheca, New York. Litho, Printed by Edwards Brothers, Ind. Ann Abor, USA.Philiph, G. D., 1988. Guide to Ruminant Anatomy Based on the Dissection of the Goat. Iowa State University Press. Ames, USA.

ANAT-101 GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC ANATOMY 4(1-3)

THEORYIntroduction and importance of the subject; Role of Anatomy. Study of form and structure of the small animal’s body (dog/sheep/goat). Theoretical considerations of the form and structures of body as given in the practical.

PRACTICALDemonstration and explanation of the anatomical terms. Osteology: Classification, functions, physical and chemical composition of bone. Skeleton: Main divisions, functions and identification of all the bones forming the hard frame work. Syndesmology: Definition, classification, anatomical, physiological and combined foregoing considerations to recognize all the joints of the body. Myology: Pattern of muscle development; Definition of various terms used to study the description of muscle; Dissection and demonstration of muscles of head, muscles of dorsolateral and ventrolateral cervical region, muscles of thorax, trunk, abdomen, tail and limbs (thoracic and pelvic). Splanchnology: Demonstration of the various organs of different systems in the cranial, oral, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities: their arteries, veins, lymph glands and nerves. Brain, spinal cord and meninges. Aesthesiology: Study of the sense organs including eye, ear, skin and its appendages.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Getty, R. 1986. Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. W.

B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.2. Evans, H. E. and A. Delahunta. 2000. Miller’s Guide to the Dissection of the Dog.

5th Ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. USA.3. Phillip, G.D. 1988. Guide to Ruminant Anatomy Based on the Dissection of the

Goat. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

8

PHYS-101 PHYSIOLOGY-I 4(3-2)

THEORY Introduction and scope of physiology. Homeostasis. Cardiovascular system:

Physiological properties of blood, cellular and chemical constituents of blood. Hematopoiesis; Haemoglobin, Erythrocytes functions and properties. Leukocytes; Types and functions. Platelets and their functions. Plasma proteins and their properties. Blood volume and its estimation. Blood coagulation (intrinsic and extrinsic). Conduction system of heart. Blood pressure; systolic, diastolic, pulse and mean pressure. Nervous control of blood flow. Electrocardiography. Blood groups. Respiratory system: structural and functional organization, Mechanics of ventilation, Haemoglobin and oxygen transport, carbondioxide transport, regulation of breathing, pressure and volume changes in respiratory system. Digestive System. The stomach of Non-Ruminant Animals. Gastric secretion, contractile activity of the stomach. The Ruminant stomach: Growth and development of the ruminant digestive system. Microflora of the rumen and intestine; Rumen ecosystem, microbial characteristics of different organisms, protozoa, fungi and their role in rumen, factors affecting microbial growth and variation in rumen microbial population, Digestion in the abomasum, small and large intestine. Physiology of liver, bile and pancreas. Absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract; volatile fatty acids, ammonia, monosaccharides, lipids and amino acids. Appetite, palatability and control of feed intake.

PRACTICALCollection of blood in different domestic animals. Determination of packed cell volume, Haemoglobin concentration, Coagulation and bleeding time. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Counting of Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells. Differential leukocytic count. Determination of blood groups. Measurements of various lung capacities and volumes. Laboratory exercise for measurement of size and volume of various part of G.I. Tract of sheep, cattle and camel. On farm Observation for prehension, mastication, regurgitation, reswallowing and counting of Jaw movements of Domestic animals. Collection of saliva and various chemical tests. Microscopic examination of ruminal-microflora. Measurement of pulse, respiration rate and blood pressure; ECG.

PHYSIO-101 CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY & RENAL PHYSIOLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORYIntroduction to physiology; Branches and scope; Cell: Functional systems of a mammalian cell; General characteristics of cell; Cellular ingestions and digestion; Physiological functions of cellular organelle; Cellular locomotion; Cellular differentiation and apoptosis; Ions channels and transportation; Cardiovascular system: Blood and its composition; Blood cells genesis and differentiation; Structure and synthesis of hemoglobin, its types, and iron metabolism; Functions of neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils; Monocyte- macrophage system and their role against body infection; Reticulo-endothelial system; Resistance of body to infection; Lymphocytes and immunity; Humoral and cell mediated immunity; Blood groups and blood transfusion; Blood transfusion complications; Mechanism of blood coagulation and its different pathways; Humoral and tissue factors affecting coagulation; Fibrinolytic system and implication; Clinical correlation (anemia, polycythemia, allergy and hypersensitivity, jaundice, hemophilia). Circulatory physiology: Introduction to circulation and its characteristics; Biophysics of hemodynamics; Circulation (general, systemic, regional, coronary, skeletal muscle, spleenic, foetal, pulmonary circulation); Microcirculation and fluid exchange. Blood pressure; Neural and hormonal control of blood pressure and blood volume; Local control of blood pressure and flow; Physiology of lymphatic system; Lymph channel of body; Formation of lymph; Role of lymphatic system in controlling interstitial fluid protein, volume and pressure; Cardiac cell (properties and energy requirement); Physiological basis of cardiac cycle; Relationship of heart sound to heart pumping; Regulation of cardiac activity; Rhythmical excitation of heart; Electrophysiology of heart; Characteristic of normal electrocardiogram; Clinical correlation (edema formation, circulatory shock, electrocardiographic interpretation of cardiac muscle and coronary blood flow abnormality). Respiratory system: Functional anatomy of respiratory system; Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation; Pulmonary volume and capacities; Physical principles of gas exchange; Respiratory membrane and diffusion of different gases through it; Fetal gas exchange; Factors affecting rate of gas diffusion; Role of surfactants; Pleural cavity; Transport of oxygen in blood, lungs and tissues with

9

Books recommendedCunningham, J.G., 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. W.B. Saunders Co. 3 rd

Edition. USA. Forbes, J.M. and J. France, 1993. Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. CABI Publishing.Jain, N.C. 1993. Essentials of Veterinary Hematology. 1st Edition. Lea and Febiger USA. King, A.S., 1999. The Cardiovascular System: Integration of Normal and Pathological Structure and Function. Blackwell Science Inc. USA.Ruckebusch, Y., L. Phaneuf and R. Dunlop. 1991. Physiology of small and large animals. B.C. Decker, Inc. Philadelphia. Hamilton.Swenson, M.J. 1992. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. Comstock Publishing Associates. A Division of Cornell University Press. Ithaca and London.

regulation; Transport of carbon dioxide in lungs, blood and tissues with regulation; Neural and hormonal control of respiration; Clinical correlation (pulmonary edema, emphysema and hypertension, CO poisoning, hypoxia). Renal physiology: Introduction to renal physiology; Anatomy and physiology of nephron; Urine formation; Glomerular filtration; Physiological control and auto-regulation of glomerular filtration rate, tubular reabsorption and processing of glomerular filtrate; Mechanism of tubular re-absorption and regulation; Regulation of extra-cellular fluid osmolarity; Balance of sodium and potassium by kidney; Renal absorption of bivalent ion; Renal blood flow; Renal clearance; Filtration fraction; Regulation of urine volume and concentration; Act of micturition and its regulation. Introduction to acid–base physiology: Renal mechanisms for maintaining hydrogen ion concentration in body fluids; Regulation of acid–base balance, Clinical correlation (acidosis, alkalosis).

PRACTICAL Methods of handling and restraint of different domestic animals for blood collection, determination of body temperature and pulse; Collection of blood; Sites of blood collection in different animal species; Precautions during blood collection; Different types of anticoagulants used routinely and their mechanisms of action; Practical demonstration of measuring body temperature, pulse, respiration rate in different domestic animals; Practical demonstration of blood collection in different domestic animals; Determination of total red blood cell count of the blood sample obtained from some animal source or human volunteer; Determination of total white blood cell count of the blood sample obtained from some animal source; Determination of packed cell volume; Determination of haemoglobin concentration; Determination of coagulation and bleeding time; Practical performance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Practical performance of differential leukocyte count; Demonstration and practical performance for the determination of blood groups; Demonstration and practical performance for the determination of various lung capacities and volumes; Urinalysis.

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Cunningham, J.G. and B.G. Klein. 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. 4th

Ed., W.B. Saunders Elsevier Publishers, Philadelphia, USA.

10

2. Zia-ur-Rahman, B. Aslam, J.A. Khan and T. Khaliq. 2007. Manual of Physiology-I. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.

4. Barreet, K.E., S.M. Barman, S. Boitano and H.L. Brooks. 2006. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. 23rd Ed., Appleton & Lange, California, USA.

5. Dukes, H.H., M.J. Swenson and W.O. Reece. 2004. Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th Ed., Comstock Publishing, California, USA.

6. Chruch, D.C. 1993. The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Waveland Press Inc., New York, USA.

7. Frandson, R.D., W.L. Wilke and A.D. Fails. 2009. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 7th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

LM-101 LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT AND HOUSING 3(2-2)

THEORYIntroduction to livestock production in Pakistan: population, role in National Economy. Breeds and types of Farm Animals. Livestock production systems. Principles of Farm Animal Management. Care of young, pregnant, lactating and dry Animals. Farm and sanitation. Handling and disposal of manure and farm wastes. Clean milk production. Transportation of livestock.. Housing of Farm Animals: general principles planning and facilities. Protecting animal from inclement weather. Record keeping. Visit to livestock farms. Welfare of livestock

PRACTICALRegions and body parts of Animals. Approaching, handling and restraining of animals. Methods of identification of Farm animals. Body measurements for weight estimation. Preparing Animals for shows. Exercises on layout and facilities for livestock farms. Demonstration of record keeping.

Books RecommendedShah, S.I., 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation; Islamabad, Pakistan.

LM-101 INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT 1(0-1)

PRACTICAL Approaching, handling and restraining of animals, Regions and body points of animals, Grooming and cleaning of animals, Identification of breeds of farm animals, Methods of identifications, Measuring Physiological norms of farm animals, Preparing animals for shows, Body measurements for weight estimation, Record keeping, Practical tips for housing of dairy and meat animals, Design and layout plans for dairy buildings, Exercises on measurements and facilities for housing and equipments of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat, Suitable plans for stable construction along with designing, fitting and equipments of stable, Visit to livestock farms and shows.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Banerjee, G. C. 1998. A Text Book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.

2. Gopalkrishnan, C. A. and G. M. M. Lal. 1993. Livestock and Poultry Enterprises for Rural Development. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

11

Banerjee, G.C., 1998. A text book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.Khan, B.B., M.A. Asad, M.T. Chaudhary, M. Younas and A.S. Chaudhary, 1983. Practical Manual for Introductory Livestock Management Courses. Mashhoor Printing Press, Aminpur Bazar, Faisalabad.

3. Khan, B. B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A. Iqbal. 2004. Livestock Management Manual. Dept. Livestock Management, Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.

4. Khan, B.B., M. Younas, M. Riaz and M. Yaqoob. 2005. Breeds of Livestock in Pakistan. Mashhoor Printing Press, Aminpure Bazar, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

5. Khan, B. B., A. Iqbal and M. I. Muastafa.2003. Sheep and Goat Production. Livestock Management Manual, Dept. Livestock Management, Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.

6. Shah, S. I. 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.

7. William, M.E. and P. M. Reaves. 1982. Dairy Cattle Feeding and Management. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.

BIOCHEM-101 GENERAL BIOCHEMISTR Y 4(3-2)

THEORYIntroduction; Hydrogen ion concentration, ionic product of water, The relationship between pH and pKa, Buffer solutions, Regulation of acid-base balance, functions of acid-base buffers, The Henderson Hasselbalch equation, The buffer systems of body fluids, Respiratory acid base balance, renal regulation of hydrogen ion concentration, Biomembrane; structures and related processes, transport, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, Active transport, Carbohydrates; General characteristics, classification, Stereoisomerisms, Optical isomerism and Optical activity, Cyclic forms of sugars, Glycosidic linkage, Chemical properties, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, Proteins and amino acids; Structure, Amino acids occurring in protein molecules, Peptide linkage, Physiological significance, Classification, Amphoteric Properties, Isomerism, Structures, Primary secondary and tertiary, Enzymes; General characteristics, Chemical nature, difference with non biological catalysts, Activity and unit, Mechanism of enzyme reaction, Coenzymes, Factors effecting enzyme working, Inhibition, Importance in diagnosis. Lipids; Compound lipids, Derived lipids, fatty acids, Saturated and unsaturated with physical chemical properties, Triglycerides, Properties, Steroids and sterols, Cholesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, Ergosterol. Nucleic acids: Chemical composition and structures of DNA and RNA. Functions of DNA and different types of

BIOCHEM-103 BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY 3(2-1)

THEORY Introduction to Biochemistry; Properties and functions of water, pH, buffers, biological buffers; Henderson-Hasselbalch equation; Respiratory and renal acid base balance; Bio-membrane; Structure, functions, mechanism of transport, passive and active transport, osmosis. Introduction to carbohydrates and their classification; monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, Glycosidic linkage, stereoisomerism, optical activity, specificrotation and mutarotation, cyclic forms of monosaccharides. Introduction to proteins, classification of amino acids and peptide linkage, physiological significance, amphoteric properties, isoelectric pH, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins, classification of proteins, conjugated and derived proteins, functions of proteins. Introduction to enzymes, general characteristics, enzyme activity, specific activity, turns over number, chemical nature and difference with non biological catalysts; Michaelis Menten equation; Importance of Km and Vmax; Classification of enzymes, co-enzymes, clinical importance of enzymes, factors affecting enzymes activity, inhibition. Introduction to lipids, classification of lipids; fatty acids: saturated, unsaturated and essential fatty acids; Physical and chemical properties of fatty acids and triglycerides; Steroids, sterols, cholesterol and prostaglandins and their physiological role. Introduction to

12

RNA in the cell. Extranuclear DNA and plasmids. Central DOGMA and its significance. Introduction to replication, transcription and translation processes.

PRACTICAL

Preparation of buffers of definite pH. Determination of pH value of biological fluids. Preparation of solutions of different normalities and molarities and back titration, Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates. Estimation of glucose in biological fluids. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of lipids and proteins. Determination of acid, saponification and iodine values of fats/oils. Estimation of lactose and casein in milk, lipid profiles.

Books Recommended1. Ahmad, M., 1999. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry. Vol. I 6th Ed. Ilmi Book House, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.2. Ahmed M., 1996. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry. Vol. 2. Merit publishers, Faisalabad.3. Hawk, P.B., B.L. Oser and W.H. Summerson, 1968. Practical Physiological Chemistry, McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc., London.4. Khan, M.R., 1998. Biochemistry Vol. I. Carvan Book House Kutchery Road, Lahore.5. Murray, R.K., D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell, 2000. Harper’s Biochemistry. 25th Ed. Appleton and Lange Inc. USA.6. Sawhney, S.K. and R. Singh, 2000. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. Norosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

nucleic acids, chemical composition and structures of DNA and RNA, functions of DNA and RNA; Central DOGMA and its significance.

PRACTICAL

Preparation of solutions of different normalities and molarities, preparation of buffers of definite pH. Determination of pH values of biological fluids; Demonstration of practical application of Handerson-Hasselbach’s equation; Qualitative analysis of carbohydrates in the given solution: Molisch’s test, Iodine test, Ammonium sulphate test, Lead acetate test, Barfoed’d test, Benedict’s test, Fehling’s test, Phloroglucinol test, Seliwanoff’s test, Cole’s test, Phenyl hydrazine test. Identification scheme for carbohydrates, hydrolysis of sucrose and starch. Detection of the presence of proteins in the given solution by Biuret test, Heat coagulation test, and salt saturation tests; Isoelectric precipitation of casein; Demonstration that lipids do not wet paper and they are greasy in nature by Grease spot test. Demonstration of the solubility of the given lipid in various cold and hot solvents. Demonstration of the emulsification of neutral fat in water and solutions of sodium carbonate, soap and bile salt; Determination of cholesterol in the biological fluid (Salkowiski’s Reaction). SUGGESTED READINGS1. Ahmad, M. 2009. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry. Volume I, 8th Ed., Ilmi Book

House, Lahore, Pakistan.2. Champe, P.C., R.A. Harvey and D.R. Ferrier. 2008. Biochemistry: Lippincott’s

Illustrated Reviews. 4th Ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA. 3. Murrary, R.K, D.A. Bender, K.M. Botham, P.J. Kennelly, V.W. Rodwell and P.A.

Weil. 2009. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA.

4. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 5th Ed., Worth Publishers, New York, USA.

5. Plummer, D.T. 2009. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. 3rd Ed., Tata McGraw Hill Education (PVT.) Ltd., New Dehli, India.

6. Sawhney, S.K. and R. Singh. 2009. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. Narosa Publishing House, New Dehli, India.

13

STAT-101 BIO-STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 3(2-2)

THEORYIntroduction and scope of biostatistics. Types of data. Scales of measurements. Frequency distribution for continuous, discrete and nominal data. Visual representation of data, stem and leaf display, box-whisker plots. Measure of location and measure of variability. Sampling distribution of mean and difference between means and its properties. Testing of hypothesis for mean, proportion, difference between means and difference between proportions. Measure of diversity. Analysis of variance confidence interval. Non parametric methods. Introduction to computers and operating system.

PRACTICALWorking with MS Word and Excel. Biostatistical computer packages. Use of biostatistics software packages for data analysis.

Books recommendedMinitab User’s manual.Muhammad, F., 1995 Statistical methods and data analysis. Kitbag Markus, Banana Bazaar, Faisalabad.Zarf, J.H., 1984. Biostatistical analysis. Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited, London.

CS-102 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS 1(0-1)

PRACTICALIntroduction to computer; Applications of computer; Input and output devices: system unit, storage devices; Software and its types; Introduction to operating system (Windows); Introduction to MS Word, file operating, editing, different types of views; Inserting operations; Document formatting; Utilities, table operations; Introduction to MS Excel; file operations, data editing, different types of views; Inserting operations; Different types of graphs; Worksheet formatting, utilities, data sorting; Introduction to Internet; Web browsing and suffering, Email; Search engine.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Mustafa, T. and A.R. Sattar. 2008. Computer for Business. Kitab Markaz,

Faisalabad, Pakistan.2. Mahmood, T. and I. Saeed. 2008. Computer Applications in the Business. Kitab

Markaz, Faisalabad, Pakistan.3. Nortron, P. 2007. Introduction to Computers. 5th Ed., McGraw Hill Book

Company, New York, USA.

ZOOL-101 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 3(2-2)

THEORYA

Aquaculture: the concept; mariculture: substrate system, seawater ponds, cages, enclosures, tanks; Aquaculture in fresh and brackish waters. Aquaculture in practice. General characteristics of fish: size, shape and external features. Freshwater fishes of Pakistan. Freshwater fishing methods. Food and feeding habits of fish: feeding types. Pond fish culture: types of fish ponds, planning and construction of fish ponds, water quality variables. Requisite conditions suitable for fish culture. Cultureable species of fish, procurement of stocking material, preparation and management of rearing fish ponds. Mono-,poly- and composite fish culture systems. Fertilization of fish ponds: their

S hifted to Semester III

14

application and impact on fish growth and water quality. Fish feed and feeding: Feed ingredients and feed conversion efficiency. Fish diseases and their control.

PRACTICALS

Study of morphological characters of a typical fish. Dissection of a bony fish to expose its various systems. Species identification based on fin formula, scale counting etc. Practical demonstration of induced breeding. Artificial feeds and their constituents. Aquatic plants. Aquatic insects. Visit to hatchery and fish farm.

Books Recommended1. Pillay, T.V.R., 1999. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices. Fishing News

Books, U.K.2. Ali, S.S., 1993. An Introduction to Freshwater Fishery Biology. University

Grants Commission, Islamabad.3. Parker, R., 1994. Aquaculture Science. Delmar Publishers, Washington DC.4. Bardach, J.E., 1977. Sustainable Aquaculture.5. Mareel, H., 1971. Text Book of Fish Culture-Breeding and Cultivation of Fish.6. Purdom, C.E., 1995. Genetics and Fish Breeding.7. Schorperclaus, W., 1991. Fish Diseases. Oxonian Press Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi,

India.RS-101 RURAL SOCIOLOGY 2(2-0)

Field of Rural Sociology; Rural Sociology as a Science; Basic Concepts, Processes and action; Group,, Role and Status, Norms and Values, Folkways and Mores, Social Systems and Subsystems: Culture, Socio-Cultural Processes; Cooperation, Competition and Conflict; Acculturation, Accommodation and Assimilation. Socialization and Personality Development: Introduction to Human Behaviour, Culture, Heredity and Personality. Social Institution: Definition, Functions, Description and Analysis of the Social, Economic, Political and Religious Institutions. Social Change: Introduction, Factors in Acceptance and Resistance to Change, Role of Extension Worker as Change Agent. Gender and Development. Theories of gender inequality, Islam and status of women. Social Problems: Introduction, Population Problems in Pakistan.

Deleted.

15

BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. Chaudhry, Mohammed Iqbal, 1995. Sociology. Aziz Publication, Lahore.2. Chitamber, J.B. “Introductory Rurla Sociology, 2nd Edition, New Age International

Limited Publisher, New Delhi.3. Donnell, O.G., 1985. Mastering Sociology. Macmillan, London.4. Hensilin, J.M., 1991. Down to Earth Sociology: Introductory Readings. 6th Edition.

Free Press, New York. 5. Richard, T and Rober, 1995. Sociology, 5th Edition. McGraw Hill, New York.

Shifted from Semester II

ANAT-102 GENERAL VETERINARY HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 3(1-2)

THEORY

Introduction: Policies, microscopy and interpretation. Methods of histology: Tissue preparation technique; Principles of staining. Cell biology: Ultrastructure of cell, Cytoplasmic organelles; Protein synthesis, Inclusions and cytoskeleton; Nucleus, nuclear envelop, nucleoplasm, nucleoli. Epithelial tissue: Morphology and classification of surface epithelia, morphology and classification of glandular epithelia and glands. Connective and supportive tissues: Microscopic structure of components of connective tissue: Cells, fibers and amorphous ground substance. Microscopic structure of different types of supportive tissues: cartilage and bone, osteogenesis, synovial joint. Light microscopic and fine structure of formed elements of mammalian and avian blood. Muscular tissue: Light microscopic and fine structure of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscles, muscle contraction mechanism, impulse conduction mechanism and impulse conduction fibers. Nervous tissue: Light microscopic and fine structure of neurons, neuroglial cells, synapses, central and peripheral nervous system, peripheral nerves, ganglia and meninges. Embryology: Gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, primitive streak formation, differentiation of germ layers, formation of extra-embryonic cavities, circulatory changes at birth, age determination of embryo and fetus.

16

PRACTICALMicroscopy: Identification of different parts of microscope and practical use of microscope. Tissue preparation technique and staining: Practical demonstration of tissue preparation technique and staining procedures. Ultrastructure of cell: Identification of electron micrographs of different components of cell. Epithelium: Identification of different types of surface epithelium, identification of different types of glandular epithelium. Connective tissue: Identification of different types of cells and fibers of connective tissue. Identification of different types of connective and supportive tissues: Loose and dense connective tissue, reticular tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone. Blood: Identification of different types of blood cells: erythrocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils. Muscular tissue: Identification of tissue sections of smooth, skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles. Nervous system: Identification of neurons and neuroglia. Identification of tissue sections of central and peripheral nervous system: Brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Demonstration of process of mitosis and meiosis with the help of models. Embryology: Identification of different stages of embryo.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff and K. Roberts. 1997. Essential Cell Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing Inc., New York, USA.

2. Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha. 2000. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

3. Banks, W. J. 1993. Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Ed., Mosby, London, UK.4. Eurell, J. A. and B. L. Frappier. 2007. Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary

Histology. Blackwell Publishing, London, UK. 5. McGaedy, T. A., P. J. Quinn, E. S. Fitzpatrick, and M. T. Ryan. 2006. Veterinary

Embryology. Blackwell Publishing, London, UK.6. Patten, N.M. 1996. Foundations of Embryology. 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York, USA.7. Qureshi, A. S. and M.N. Chaudhry. 2007. Illustrated Veterinary Histology and

Color Atlas. MAS Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

17

New Course

PS-101 INTRODUCTION TO POULTRY PRODUCTION 2(1-1)

THEORY

Importance, history, present status and future perspectives of poultry industry. Classification of poultry breeds and varieties. Brooding, rearing and production practices in poultry. Rural vs commercial poultry production; Introduction to various body systems of the chicken. Composition of poultry meat and eggs.

PRACTICAL

Demonstration regarding body parts of poultry; Demonstration of digestive; respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems of poultry; Structure and composition of an egg; Demonstration of various routine practices at poultry farm.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim. 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

2. Hunton, P. 1995. Poultry Production: Production System Approach. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

3. Jadhav, N.V. 1998. Practical Manual for Avian Production and Management. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi, India.

4. Jull, M.A. 2003. Successful Poultry Management. Biotech Books, New Delhi, India.

5. Owen, W.P. 2000. Poultry Farming and Keeping. Biotech Books, New Dehli, India.

Shifted from Semester VII

18

IS-202 / ISLAMIC STUDIES/ 3(3-0)SSH-402 ETHICS (For Non-Muslim/Foreigners)

(Contents attached at the Appendix-II)

New Course

Eng-101 COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS 3(3-0)

(Contents attached at the Appendix-II)

New Course

MED-101 ANIMAL CONTACTS 1(0-1)

PRACTICALStudents will visit Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery and Brooke Hospital for Animals to observe the followings: Routine veterinary clinical practice; Human-animal bond between owners and companion animals; Sample collection procedures for diagnosis of different diseases of livestock and pets; Art of communication with owners; Animal welfare considerations and contraventions in routine veterinary clinical practice; Recording of hospital data; Methods used for the prevention of nasocomial infections in hospital settings.

Semester II Semester II

19

ANAT-102 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 4 (1-6)

THEORYComparative anatomical features of domestic animals (bovine, ovine, caprine equine, canine, feline, camelides and avian). Comparative aspects of musculoskeletal system, splanchnology, special sense organs, nervous system and lymphatic system.

PRACTICAL

Comparative study of anatomical features of bones of different animal species. Axial Skeleton: The skull including the bones of the face and the cranium. The paranasal sinuses. The vertebral column. Form and structure of a typical vertebra. Regional characteristics of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Appendicular Skeleton: Bones of the pectoral and pelvic limbs. Arthrology: Definition and classification of joints. Synarthroses, diarthroses, amphiathroses and their classification. Movements of joints. Myology: Study of the following groups of muscles of ox, horse dog and fowl, their origin, insertion, action and relations. Muscles of the eye, lips, and nostrils; muscles of respiration and mastication; muscles of neck, back, loins and the tail. Muscles of the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; Muscles of the thoracic and pelvic limbs. Splanchnology: Topographical study of the various organs located in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, arteries, veins, lymph glands and nerves, brain, spinal cord and meninges. Detailed regional study through dissection of the following parts of the animal’s body: head, neck, abdomen, thorax, thoracic and pelvic limbs. Aesthesiology: The study of the sense organs, eye, ear, skin, and its appendages.

Books Recommended

Ashdown, 1995. Color Atlas of Vet. Anatomy. Horse Vol-ll. Mosby- Yearbook, USA.Dyoe, K. M. M., S. Q. Wolfgang and Weneing, 1999. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.Getty, R., S. Sisson and J.D. Grossman, 1986. The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals.

ANAT-103 COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 4(1-3)

THEORY Introduction to comparative vertebrate anatomy; Skeletal system: comparative notes. Muscular system; comparative notes, Arthrology; comparative notes and implications on movement pattern; Gait mechanics; Comparison of various modes of locomotion, Comparative notes of respiratory system, blood vascular system, digestive system, urinary system, male genital system, female genital system, endocrine system and central and peripheral nervous system. Special senses in different species. Integumentary system, its modifications in various species; Structure of hoof.

PRACTICAL Comparative osteology of scapula and humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges; Comparative forelimb arthrology; comparative osteology of pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges; Comparative hindlimb arthrology; Comparative osteology of skull, mandible and hyoid apparatus; Comparative osteology of vertebral column, ribs, sternum and axial arthrology. Comparative myology; extrinsic muscles of the forelimb, muscles of the shoulder and arm, muscles of the forearm, terminal tendons; Comparative myology of muscles of the croup and caudal thigh, muscles of lateral, medial and cranial thigh, muscles of the leg and terminal tendons; Comparative myology of muscles of the thorax, abdomen and superficial muscles of the neck, deep muscles of the neck, facial muscles; Respiratory system; comparative anatomy of nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs and associated details; Comparative anatomy of heart and vessels cranial to the heart, major blood vessels of thorax, head and neck, abdomen, fore and hind limbs; Digestive system; comparative anatomy of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines and associated organs etc. Comparative anatomy of urinary system; Comparative anatomy of male genital system; Comparative anatomy of female genital system, Species specific differences of pelvic cavity; Comparative anatomy of endocrine glands; Comparative anatomy of cranial cavity, spinal canal and spinal cord, brain and ventricular system, spinal and cranial nerves and special senses; eye, ear. Integumentary system and its modification with special reference to hoof; Sagittal section of head, comparative

20

W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia and London. Raymond R. A., S.H. Done, S.W. Barnett, 1996. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. USA.

surface anatomy of skeletal system, head and neck, thorax, abdomen, fore and hind limbs.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Sisson, S., J. D. Grossman and R. Getty. 1975. Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. Volume 1. 5th Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

2. Ashdown, R.R. and S.H. Done. 1996. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy: Volume I. The Ruminants. 2nd Ed., Mosby Ltd., Philadelphia, USA.

3. Ashdown, R.R. and S. H.Done. 1996. Color Atlas of Veterinary Anatomy: Volume II. The Horse. 2nd Ed., Mosby Ltd. Philadelphia, USA.

4. Dyce, K.M., W.O. Sack and C.J.W. Wensing. 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd Ed., W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

5. Koenig, H.E. and H.G. Liebich. 2009. Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas. 4th Ed., Manson Publishing Ltd., London, UK.

ANAT-103 GENERAL HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 4(1-6)

THEORY Cell Biology: Structure and function of cell, Intercellular junctions, Structure of free surface and basement membrane. Cell Divisions. Cell types and cell differentiation. Histology: Primary tissues and their embryonic origin. Epithelial Tissue: Classification of epithelia. Glands: unicellular, multicellular endocrine, exocrine, simple and compound glands. Types of secretory units; serous, mucous, seromucous. Connective and supporting Tissue: Classification; Embryonal, adult. Connective tissue fibers, ground substance. Adult connective tissues: Loose connective tissue: dense connective tissue cells, fibers and ground substances, reticular and adipose tissue. Histology of cartilage and bone. Muscular Tissue; smooth, skeletal and cardiac. Sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules, contractile elements. Nervous Tissue: Microscopic and Ultrastructure of neuron. Types of neurons. Nerve fiber. peripheral nerves, ganglia, nerve endings, synapse. Neuroglial cells.Embryology: Male and female Gametes. Fertilization; cleavage, morula, blastula formation and gastrulation in mammals and fowl. Formation of different germ layers and their embryonic importance. Formation of notochord, primitive streak, neural tube, head

Shifted to Semester I

21

fold, fore-gut. The establishment of body and laying down of organ system. Placentation, formation of connective tissue, skeleton and muscles. Fetal circulation. Comparative aspects of embryology in different animal species. PRACTICALPreparation of histological sections and staining for microscopy. Components of light microscope. Units of measurement. Study of electron micrographs of different components of animal cell. Preparation of blood smear, staining and identification of cellular components and platelets. Microscopic examination and identification of different types of epithelia, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Identification of various developmental stages of mammalian and fowl embryos. Demonstration of different stages of embryonic development.Books Recommended Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha, 2000. Color Atlas of Vety. Histology. Lippincott William and Wilikins, USA.Chaudhry, M.N. and A. S. Qureshi, 1996. Illustrated Veterinary Histology (Laboratory Manual). Mas Publishers, Faisalabad.Dellmann, H.D., J. Eurell and C. Ann, 1999. Atlas of Veterinary Embryology. William and Wilkins, USA.Dellmann, H.D., 1998. Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 5th Ed. Lippincott, William and Wilkins, USA.Lee and Febiger, Banks, W.J., 1992. Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.Patten, B.M., 1994. Foundations of Embryology. McGraw Hill Book Co, New York.PHYS-102 PHYSIOLOGY-II 4(3-2)

THEORYNervous System: Neuronal function, Action potentials, Electro chemical events, Conduction of action potential, Synaptic transmission, Chemical mediators, Polysynaptic Transmission. Receptors; Chemoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Electroreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Propioceptors; Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Autonomic nervous system, Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. Muscle: Muscle cells, Types of neural control, Neuro-muscular junction, type of the junctions. Sliding filament theory. Endocrine: Concept of Homeostasis.

PHYSIO-102 PHYSIOLOGY OF DIGESTION AND LACTATION 3(2-1)

THEORY Introduction to gastrointestinal physiology; Feeding behaviors; Prehension and mastication; Enteric nervous system; Physiological mechanism of deglutition; Saliva (secretion, composition, regulation); Eructation mechanism; Emesis and its control; Physiologic anatomy of stomach; Contractile activity of the stomach; Gastric motility; Factors affecting gastric motility; Gastric secretion (composition, regulation, factors influencing the gastric secretion); Physiologic anatomy of intestine; Role of villus in digestion and absorption; Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, proteins and fats;

22

General mechanism of hormone action, Chemical messenger and regulator, Concept of first and second messenger. Regulation of hormone secretion and secretory mechanisms, Hypothalamus and pituitary, Adenohyophysis (anterior pituitary) and neurohypophsis (Posterior pituitary) and their hormones and functions. Metabolic hormones, Hormonal regulation of water and electrolytes: Prostaglandins, Steroid hormones. Renal system: Body fluid compartments and their composition, regulation of body fluid composition and volume. Physiology of Nephron, Glomerular filtration, Renal clearance, reabsorption and secretion. Regulation of Na and K, regulation of acid-base balance, kidney function in different animals. Micturition.

PRACTICALNerve muscle preparation of frog, Isolated heart activity of rabbit, Decerebrated frog heart activity. Demonstration of the location of endocrine glands in rat and birds. Recording of myocardial activity in isolated heart. Urine analysis. Effect of adrenaline on the metabolic profile of rat. Isolated rat uterus and effect of oxytocin on it. Effect of thyroidectomy on growth of animal. Affect of hormones on vaginal cytology.

Books recommendedGuyton, A.C., J.E. Hall, 1998. Textbook of Medical Physiology. (9th Edition). W.B. Saunders Company (A Division of Harconurt Brace and Company) Philadelphia.King, A.S. and L. King, 1996. Physiological and Clinical Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Central Nervous System. Oxford University Press UK.Messonnier, S.P., 2000. Veterinary Neurology. 1st Edition. Butter-Worth-Heinemann.

USA.Swenson, M.J., 1992. Dukes' Physiology of Domestic Animals. Comstock Publishing Assocates. A Division of Cornell University Press. Ithaca and London.Woodman, D.D., 1997. Laboratory Animal Endocrinology: Hormonal Action, Control Mechanisms and Interactions with Drugs. 1st Edition. John Wiley and Son Ltd. USA.

Absorption of vitamins and electrolytes; Exocrine role of pancreas in digestion; Composition of pancreatic secretion; Regulation of pancreatic secretion; Role of liver in digestion; Importance of enterohepatic circulation in fat digestion; Factors affecting the secretion of bile; Ruminant stomach (its anatomy and physiology); Concept of functional ruminal epithelium; Esophageal groove and concepts of nutrient bypass; Microbial ecosystem of digestion in ruminants; Fermentation of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in rumen; Production and absorption of volatile fatty acids and nitrogen in ruminants; Post-absorptive utilization of nutrients; Functional anatomy of mammary glands and mammary growth; Physiology of lactation and mammogenesis; Lactogenesis and galactopoiesis; Milk synthesis and secretion; Mammary gland metabolism and biosynthesis of milk components; Biological functions of milk and their nutritive value; Lactation performance; Physiological factors affecting lactation; Mammary biotechnology.

PRACTICAL Study of equipment used for mammalian experiments; Farm visits for observation on rumination and deglutition in ruminants; Salivary secretion in dogs, cats and ruminants; Tests for saliva of different animals; Thiry-vella fistula and intestinal motility in dogs; Intestinal motility in dogs with balloons; Measurement of absorption in rabbits; Motility of ruminant stomach; Rumen fistula/cannulation; Biochemical experiments on bile; Effects of pancreatectomy in dogs and replacement therapy; Determination of composition of milk; Determination of pH, specific gravity and total solids in milk.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Cunningham, J.G. and B.G. Klein. 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. 4th

Ed., W.B. Saunders Elsevier Publishers, Philadelphia, USA. 2. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th Ed., W.B.

Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA. 3. Barreet, K.E., S.M. Barman, S. Boitano and H.L. Brooks. 2006. Ganong’s Review

of Medical Physiology. 23rd Ed., Appleton & Lange, California, USA.

4. Dukes, H.H., M.J. Swenson and W.O. Reece. 2004. Duke’s Physiology of Domestic Animals. 12th Ed., Comstock Publishing, California, USA.

23

5. Jafri, S.A., M. Rabbani and H. Rehman. 2002. Manual of Digestive Physiology. Muktaba-i-Danwasharian, Lahore, Pakistan.

6. Chruch, D.C. 1993. The Ruminant Animal: Digestive Physiology and Nutrition. Waveland Press Inc., New York, USA.

7. Frandson, R.D., W.L. Wilke and A.D. Fails. 2009. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 7th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

PHYS-103 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 4(3-2)

THEORYComparative biochemistry, Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolytic pathways, Glycolysis, Tricarboxylic acid cycle, Electron transport chain, Oxidative phosphorylation and formation of ATP, Pentose phosphate shunt, Glucoronic acid pathway, Glucogenesis, Glycogensis and Gluconeogensis, Metabolism of Fructose and Galactose, Integration with amino acid metabolism, Protein and amino acid metabolism: Plasma amino acids, synthesis of nonessential amino acids, Fate of amino acids. Urea formation, other pathways of ammonia utilization, Fate of non nitrogenous residues of amino acids, creatinine and urea formation. Lipid metabolism. The Lipoprotein and their special function in transporting cholesterol and phospholipids. Biosynthesis of fatty acid, Triglycerides, Cholesterol and prostaglandins. Role of adipose tissue in fat metabolism, Metabolism of free fatty acids, Use of triglycerides for energy and formation of ATP, Factors effecting plasma cholesterol concentration, Ketogenesis and utilization of ketone bodies, Ketosis, Metabolism of bile acids and salts. Integration of metabolism of carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats. Spectroscopy. Fate of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in monogastric and ruminant animals. Importance of volatile fatty acids in ruminants. Use of agro-industrial wastes for the production of antibiotics, enzymes, hormones, proteins, steroids etc.

PRACTICALPolarimetry, Measurements and calculations of degree of rotation for various optically active substances in solutions. Spectrophotometery, Blood glucose and protein determination by Spectrophotometery. Electrolyte determination by flame photometry.

BIOCHEM-104 BIOCHEMISTRY OF METABOLISM 2(2-0)

THEORY

Introduction of metabolism, Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, their regulation and energy production; Pentose phosphate shunt, glucoronic acid pathway, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis; Metabolism of fructose, galactose and lactose; Introduction to protein and amino acids metabolism, Synthesis of non-essential amino acids, Fate of ammonia and keto-acids; Urea cycle and its importance, glutathione and creatinine formation, Catabolism of non-essential amino acids; Introduction to lipid metabolism, Beta-oxidation of even and odd number fatty acids, Omega and alpha oxidation of fatty acids, Oxidation of respiratory chain, Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, prostaglandins and cholesterol; Factors affecting cholesterol level in plasma, Transportation of lipids, Role of adipose tissue in fat metabolism, Ketogenesis and use of ketone bodies; Metabolism of bile salts and bile acids, Intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins; Bioenergetics.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Ahmad, M. 2009. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry. Volume I, 8th Ed., Ilmi Book House, Lahore, Pakistan.

2. Champe, P.C., R.A. Harvey and D.R. Ferrier. 2008. Biochemistry: Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews. 4th Ed., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.

3. Murrary, R.K, D.A. Bender, K.M. Botham, P.J. Kennelly, V.W. Rodwell and P.A. Weil. 2009. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 28th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York,

24

Chromatography. Tests for identification of carbohydrates. Tests for identification of lipids. Liver and kidney function test.

Books RecommendedAhmad, M., 1999. Essentials of Medical Biochemistry. Vol. I 6th Ed. Ilmi Book House, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.Champe, P., C. Richard and A. Harvey, 1995. Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews: Biochemistry. 2nd ed. J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia.Moo-Young, M., 1985. Comprehensive Biotechnology. Vol.I and Vol.III, Pergamon Press Inc.Murray, R.K., D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell, 2000. Harper’s Biochemistry. 25th Ed. Appleton and Lange Inc. USA.Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan, 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. University of Agriculture Press, Faisalabad.

USA.4. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. 5th Ed.,

Worth Publishers, New York, USA.5. Berg, J.M., J.L. Tymoczko and I. Stryer. 2007. Biochemistry. 6 th Ed., W.H.

Freeman and Company, New York, USA.

ABG-101 ANIMAL GENETICS AND POPULATIONS GENETICS 4(3-2)

THEORYHistory of genetics. Chemical basis of inheritance. Genetic basis of inheritance. Cell division. Mendalism, monohybrid and polyhybrid crosses. Additive and non-additive gene action. Probability concept and laws of probability, modified segregation ratio. Polygenic inheritance, pleotropy, linkage, crossing over and chromosomal mapping. Expression and interaction of genes. Mutation, lethal and sub-lethal genes. Heritability and repeatability (avian and ruminants). Population genetics, gene and genotype frequency. Genetic and phenotypic correlation. Emerging techniques. Traits of economic importance in farm animals.

PRACTICALMicroscopic studies on the animal cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis. Cytogenetics-karyotyping. Gamete and genotype formation. Exercises on monohybrid, polyhybrid and gene interactions. Exercises on the estimation of heritability and repeatability in various animals and poultry. Case studies for lethal, semi-lethal and other genetic abnormalities. Exercises on relevant topics. Use of computer for data handling and analysis.

ABG-101 INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS 4(3-1)

THEORY History of genetics. Chemical basis of inheritance. Genetic basis of inheritance, cell division. Mendelism, monohybrid and polyhybrid crosses. Probability, concept and laws of probability, modified segregation ratio. Polygenic inheritance, pleiotropy, linkage, crossing over and chromosomal mapping. Mutation, lethal and sub-lethal genes. Quantitative genetics; Heritability and repeatability (avian and ruminants). Population genetics: genetic and phenotypic correlations. Emerging genetic technologies.

PRACTICAL Microscopic studies on the animal cells undergoing mitosis and meiosis. Cytogenetics, karyotyping. Gamete and genotype formation. Exercises on monohybrid, polyhybrid and gene interaction. Exercises on the estimation of heritability and repeatability in various animals and poultry. Exercises on relevant topics.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Elrod, S. 2001. Schaum's Outline of Genetics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,

25

Books RecommendedCrawford, R.D., 1990. Poultry Breeding and Genetics. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Klung, W.S. and M.R. Cummings, 1999. Essentials of Genetics. Prentice Hall, Inc. New Jersey, USA.Lasley, J.F., 1987. Genetics of Livestock Improvement. Prentice-Hall International Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.Mackintosh, J.B., 1993. Sheep Production in Pakistan. Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad.Nicholas, F.W., 1996. Introduction of Veterinary Genetics. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

USA. 2. Klung, W.S. and M.R. Cummings 2006. Concepts of Genetics. Prentice Hall Inc.,

New Jersey, USA. 3. Nicholas, F.W. 1995. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. Oxford University Press,

Oxford, UK.

AN-101 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION 3(2-2)

THEORYScope and development of Science of nutrition; Terminology; Soil, plant and

animal relationship; Relationship of composition of animal body and feed; Digestion in monogastric and ruminant animals; carbohydrates, protein and lipids; Essential nutrients, their classification and functions; Water, its requirement and functions; Metabolism of nutrients; energy metabolism, protein synthesis, carbohydrate synthesis and control of metabolism; Vitamins, classification, function, deficiency symptoms and requirements; Minerals, classification, sources, bio-availability, interaction, function, deficiency symptoms and toxicity.

PRACTICAL

Identification of local feed stuffs, their classification and nutritional characteristics. Sampling techniques, processing of feed samples for analyses. Demonstration of proximate analysis of feeds; dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber. Demonstration of different parts of gastro-intestinal tract of ruminant and monogastric animals.

Books Recommended

ANFT-111 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION 3(2-1)

THEORY The science of nutrition and its scope, History and the role of the past scientists in the development of the science of nutrition, Basic terms used in animal nutrition, Composition of animal body and plants and its interaction, Classification of nutrients, Classification of carbohydrates, Functions of carbohydrates; Classification of lipids, Functions of lipids. Water, its importance and functions, Factors governing water requirements of livestock and poultry, Classification of minerals and their general functions, role of macro-minerals in animal nutrition, Impact of mineral deficiency and toxicity of minerals, Classification of vitamins and their general functions, Importance of fat soluble vitamins, Interrelationship of vitamins, minerals and their toxicity, Feed additives and their use in livestock and poultry feeding, Nutrition in relation to body maintenance and growth., Nutrition in relation to reproduction; Nutrition in relation to animal production, Digestion mechanism of lipids in monogastric animals, Digestion mechanism of carbohydrates in ruminants, Digestion mechanism of proteins in ruminants, Digestion mechanism of lipids in ruminants, Metabolism of carbohydrates, Metabolism of proteins, Metabolism of lipids.

PRACTICAL

26

Banerjee G.C. 1999. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.Church, D.C. and W.G. Pond, 1995. Basic Animal Nutrition and Feeding. John Willy and Sons, New York, USA.McDonald, P., R.A. Edwards and I.F.D. Greenhalgh, 1996. Animal Nutrition, Longman Scientific and Technical, England.Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan, 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. University of Agriculture Press, Faisalabad.

Identification of feedstuffs, Identification of forages, Physical characteristics of cereals and cereals byproducts, Physical characteristics of forages, Physical characteristics of agro-industrial byproducts and wastes for protein and energy sources, Feed samples collection techniques, Forage samples collection techniques, Feed samples preparation for analysis, Introduction to feed analysis equipments, Grinding and weighing of samples, Analysis of dry matter and ash, Analysis of crude protein, Analysis of crude fat, Analysis of crude fiber, Introduction to mineral analysis.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullison and R.S. Lowrey. 1999. Feeds and Feeding. 5th Ed.,

Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. 2. Lander, P.E. 2001. The Feeding of Farm Animals in India. Biotech Books, New

Delhi, India. 3. Ensminger M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition

Digest. 2nd Ed., The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.Shifted from Semester III

ANAT-104 SYSTEMIC VETERINARY HISTOLOGY 3(1-2)

THEORYCardiovascular system: Histology of heart, elastic and muscular arteries, arterioles and capillaries. Histology of venioles, small, medium and large-sized veins, arterio-venous-anastomosis and vasa vasorum. Lymphatic system: Introduction to lymphoid tissue, histology of lymph node and spleen, histology of thymus and tonsils. Digestive system: Histology of oral cavity, esophagus, simple stomach, compound stomach in ruminants and intestines. Accessory glands of digestive system: salivary glands, liver, exocrine pancreas and gall bladder. Respiratory system: Histology of nasal cavity, vomeronasal organs and paranasal sinuses, nasolarynx, trachea and extrapulmonary bronchi, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar duct and alveolar sacs. Urinary system: Histology of kidney: nephron, juxtaglomerular apparatus, collecting tubules and collecting ducts, excretory passages: ureter, urinary bladder. male and female urethra. Male reproductive system: Spermatogenesis, histology of the testes and their associated ducts: epididymis, ductus deferens and penis; Erection mechanism.

27

Female reproductive system: Oogenesis, histology of ovary, fallopian tubes and uterus. Endocrine system: General structure of endocrine organs; histology of hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland), epiphysis cerebri (pineal gland), thyroid and parathyroid gland, adrenal gland; endocrine tissues and cells.

PRACTICAL

Cardiovascular system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of heart, elastic and muscular arteries, arterioles and capillaries, venules, small, medium and large-sized veins, arterio-venous-anastomosis and vasa vasorum. Lymphatic system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of lymph node and spleen, thymus and tonsils. Integumentary system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of skin: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Accessory structures of the skin: hair, sweat and sebaceous glands. Digestive system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of oral cavity, esophagus, simple stomach in horse, dog and cat. Compound stomach in ruminants and intestines. Accessory glands of digestive system: Salivary glands, liver, exocrine, pancreas and gall bladder. Respiratory system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of nasal cavity, nasal sinus, nasopharynx and oropharynx, larynx and trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, alveolar duct and alveolar sacs. Urinary system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of kidney: Nephron, juxta-glomerular apparatus, collecting tubules and collecting ducts. Excretory passages: Ureter, urinary bladder, male and female urethra. Male reproductive system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of the testes and their associated ducts: Epididymis, ductus deferens and penis. Spermatogenesis. Microanatomy of spermatozoa, male accessory glands (vesicular, prostate, bulbo-urethral glands). Female reproductive system: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of the ovary, uterine tube and uterus, cervix and vagina. Endocrine System: Light microscopic study of the tissue sections of pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland and pineal body.

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff and K. Roberts. 1997. Essential Cell

28

Biology: An Introduction to the Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Publishing Inc., New York, USA.

2. Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha. 2000. Color Atlas of Veterinary Histology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

3. Banks, W. J. 1993. Applied Veterinary Histology. 3rd Ed., Mosby, London, UK.4. Eurell, J.A. and B.L. Frappier. 2007. Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary

Histology. Blackwell Publishing, London, UK. 5. McGaedy, T.A., P.J. Quinn, E. S. Fitzpatrick and M. T. Ryan. 2006. Veterinary

Embryology. Blackwell Publishing, London, UK. 6. Patten, N.M. 1996. Foundations of Embryology. 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Book Co.,

New York, USA.7. Qureshi, A.S. and M.N. Chaudhry. 2007. Illustrated Veterinary Histology and

Color Atlas. MAS Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Shifted from Semester III

MICRO-102 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORY Introduction to Molecular Biology: Why we need to study molecular biology? Genes and chromosomes; Identification of DNA as the genetic material, structure and functions of DNA, replication of DNA, expression of genetic information; Vectors and their uses in molecular biology, composition of a plasmid vector, M 13 and lamda phages as vectors in molecular biology, modifications of phage vectors and their uses, DNA modification enzymes, linkers, adaptors and their uses; Specialized libraries: chromosomal deletion, enrichment, subtractive hybridization libraries; Screening libraries: screening strategies I, Library screening strategies II; Hybridization of nucleic acids; Principle of polymerase chain reaction, principles of primer designing for PCR; DNA sequencing: principle and methods; Finding of open reading frame in a cloned gene; Introducing mutations in DNA, site-directed mutagenesis in a given gene; Expression systems and their uses, promoters and gene expressions, regulation of gene

29

expression; How to study promoters? How to make fusion proteins? Satellite, minisatellite and micorsattelite DNA; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Transgenesis, How to prepare transgenic animals/plants. GMOs, Ethics involved in GMO preparation.

PRACTICAL

Good lab practices; Genomic DNA extraction from eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, plasmid DNA extraction; RNA extraction; Estimation of nucleic acids; Reverse transcriptase of RNA, PCR, Restriction of DNA; Electrophoresis of DNA in agars’ gel; Preparation of cell lysate; Protein estimation, SDS-PAGE, Staining of gel and its documentation; Transformation of host cells, selection of transformants; Use of computers for DNA and protein sequence data from world wide web; Gene cloning.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and J. D. Watson. 2011. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th Ed., Garland Publishing, Inc. New York, USA.

2. Chandar, N. and S. Viselli. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, USA.

3. Weaver, R.F. 2004. Molecular Biology. McGraw Hill, New York, USA.

Shifted from Semester VI

SSH-102 PAKISTAN STUDIES 2(2-0)

(Contents attached at the Appendix-II)

Semester III Semester III

30

ANAT-204 SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY 3 (1-4) THEORY

Cardiovascular System: Histology of heart, elastic and muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venioles, small, medium and large sized veins, vasa vasorum. Lymphatic System: Lymphoid tissue. Histology of thymus, lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils. Digestive System: Histology of oral cavity, oropharynx, esophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasums and simple stomach. Small and large intestine, liver, pancreas and salivary glands. Histology of digestive system and accessory digestive glands. Respiratory System: Histology of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac and alveoli. Urinary System: Histology of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder. Male and female urethrae. Reproductive System: Histology of gonads and duct system of male and female reproductive systems. Endocrine System: Histology of pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands. Integumentry System: Histology of skin; hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Histology of udder. Nervous system: Histology of cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal cord. Special sense organs.PRACTICAL Histological study and identification of various organs of following systems: digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, male and female reproductive, endocrine, integumentry, lymphatic and nervous systems.Books RecommendedAughey, E and F.L. Frye, 2000. A Color Handbook of Comparative Veterinary Histology and Clinical Coorelate. IowaStateUniversity Press. USA.Bacha, W.J. and L.M. Bacha, 2000. Color Atlas of Vety. Histology. Lippincott William and Wilikins, USA. Banks, W.J., 1992. Applied Veterinary Histology. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.Chaudhry, M.N. and A.S. Qureshi, 1996. Illustrated Veterinary Histology (Laboratory Manual). Mas Publishers, Faisalabad.Dellmann, H.D., 1998. Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 5th Ed. Lippincott, William and Wilkins, USA.

Shifted to Semester II

PATH-201 GENERAL PATHOLOGY 4(3-2) PATH-202 GENERAL VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 4(3-1)

31

THEORY:Introduction and historical background. Terminology. Cell injury and cell death:

mechanism and sequelae. Degenerative and infiltrative conditions. Necrosis and gangrene, postmortem autolysis. Disturbances of mineral and pigments. Disturbances of growth. Disturbances of circulation: circulatory and coagulation disorders, postmortem and antemortem clots, shock, dehydration, electrocution. Inflammation: inflammatory process, chemical mediators and leukocytes in inflammation, classification of inflammation. Repair and healing of wounds and fractures. Fever and pyrexia. Neoplasia: causes, histogenic classification, differentiation from non-neoplastic growths, benign and malignant tumours, important neoplasms of domestic animals.

PRACTICAL:Demonstration of general gross and histopathological lesions, autolytic changes

and neoplasms on postmortem and slaughter house specimens. Postmortem procedures. Demonstration of section cutting and staining techniques.

Books recommendedCheville, N.F., 1999. Introduction to Veterinary Pathology. 2nd Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.Slauson, D.O. and B.J. Cooper, 2002. Mechanisms of Disease. 3rd Ed. Mosby, London.Thomson, R. G., 1984. General Veterinary Pathology. W. B. Saunders Company, London, Toronto.

THEORY Introduction, brief history, important terms of pathology. Adaptation: atrophy, metaplasia, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, Hypoplasia. Cell injury: Pathogenesis of cell injury, Hypoxic cell injury, Cell injury due to membrane damage, Reversible cell injury–cell swelling, Intracellular lipid accumulation, Lysozomal storage diseases. Types of necrosis (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive, fat, Zenker’s necrosis, etc), outcome of necrosis, autolysis, difference between autolysis and necrosis; Gangrene, difference between gangrene and necrosis. Exogenous and endogenous pigments: melanin, ceroid, haemosiderin, lipofuscin and mineralization. Circulatory disturbances: Hyperaemia, congestion, oedema, haemorrhage, embolism, shock (hypovolaemic, haemorrhagic, septic etc). Inflammation: Causes, inflammatory process and manifestations; Biochemical mediators: General features of mediators, Vasoactive amines (histamine and serotonin), Kinins, Arachidonic acid metabolites, Complement system, Nitric oxide; Types of inflammatory exudates; Chronic inflammation. Etiology, nomenclature, classification and pathogenesis of neoplasia, Important neoplasms of domestic animals. Hypersensitivity reactions: Type 1 & 2, Autoimmunity, Amyloidosis.

PRACTICAL Introduction to Pathology Lab. General rules for identification of gross changes in various organs/tissues. Preservation and fixation of morbid tissues; Preparation of microscopic slides (Tissue processing, embedding and staining), Microscopic picture of the following conditions: degenerative changes, Various types of infiltrations, Different types of necrosis, Vascular disturbances, Growth changes, Inflammatory changes in various organs, Neoplastic changes in various tissues.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Cheville, N.F. 2006. Introduction to Veterinary Pathology. 3rd Ed., Iowa State

University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 2. McGavin, D.M. and J.F. Zachary. 2007. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Diseases.

4th Ed., Mosby, St. Louis, MO, USA.3. Dunlop, R.H. and C.H. Malbert. 2004. Veterinary Pathophysiology. Blackwell

Publishers, Ames, Iowa, USA.

32

4. Majno, G. and I. Joris. 2004. Cells, Tissues and Disease: Principles of General Pathology. 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, USA.

5. Slauson, D.O. and B.J. Cooper. 2002. Mechanisms of Disease. A Textbook of Comparative General Pathology. 3rd Ed., Mosby, A Harcourt Health Sciences Company, London, UK.

6. Tubbs , R.R. and M.H. Stoler . 2008. Cell and Tissue Based Molecular Pathology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, USA.

PARA-201 GENERAL PARASITOLOGY AND PROTOZOOLOGY 3(2-2)

THEORYGeneral Parasitology

Introduction to Parasitology, Terminology, Effects of Parasites on their host and their economic significance, Types of Parasitism, Host and organ specificity, Parasitic life cycle, Nomenclature and classification of parasites, Immunity and resistance, Parasitic zoonosis.Protozoology

History of Protozoology, Anatomy, Nutrition, Locomotion, Reproduction and excretion in Protozoa; Classification of Protozoa, Morphology, Life cycle, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis and Control of the species of the following genera of Protozoa: Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Trichomonas, Histomonas, Giardia, Entamoeba, Eimeria, Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoan, Hepatozoan, Babesia, Theileria, Balantidium, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Eperythrozoan and Haemobartonella; Protozoan zoonosis.

PRACTICALPreparation of solutions used for parasitological examinations. Methods of

collection, preservation and transportation of parasitic materials. Qualitative and quantitative faecal examination for protozoa; Blood examination for protozoa; Examination of genital discharges for Trichomonas; Microscopic measurement of protozoa and identification of important members of protozoa.

Splitted into following 2 courses

PARA-201 GENERAL VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY 2(1-1)

THEORY Introduction to Parasitology: Effects of parasites on their host and their economic importance; animal association, host and organ specificity, host parasite relationship, types of parasitism, types of hosts, mode of infection of parasites, nomenclature and classification of parasites, locomotory and nervous systems of parasites, digestive and reproductive systems of parasites, parasitic zoonosis, immunity against parasites.

PRACTICAL Course objectives and laboratory ethics; Visit to abattoir: antemortem and postmortem examination for parasites; Field visits: interaction with the farmers/staff of the livestock farms; Visit of livestock farm/s: gross examination of animals for parasites, collection and handling samples for parasitic examination; Use of different types of microscopes for parasitic examination, Macro- and microscopic measurements of parasites, Diagnostic methods in parasitology, Visit to veterinary hospital/clinics: veterinarians approach towards parasite control, Identification of major classes of parasites; outcomes of the course.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Akhtar, M., M.A. Hafeez and C.S. Hayat. 2003. General Parasitology and

33

Books RecommendedAkhtar, M., M. A. Hafeez and C. S. Hayat 2003. General Parasitology and Protozoology. The Elite Scientific Publications Faisalabad, Pakistan.Akhtar, M., I, Zafar., and M. A. Hafeez 2003. Protozoology. Quick Facts the Elite Scientific Publications Faisalabad, Pakistan.Ash, L.A. and T.C. Orihel, 1991. Parasites: a guide to laboratory procedures and identification. ASCP Press. American Society of Clinical Pathologists.Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar, 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. UGC. Govt. of Pakistan.Iqbal, Z., M. S. Sajid, R. Z. Abbas and M. N. Khan, 2003. Manual of Gneral Parasitology and Protozoology, ISBN 969-8490-07-8. Friends Science Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Levine, N.D., 1990. Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa,

USA.Roberts, L.S. and J.J. Janovy, 2000. Foundations of Parasitology. 5th Edition, W.C.B. Company, U.K.Ruprah, N. S., 1985. A Textbook of Clinical Protozoology. Oxonian Press, Pvt. Ltd.Soulsby, E. J. L., 1986. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society Bailliere Tindall, London.Urquhart G.M., J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn, F.W. Jennings, 2000. Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, U.K.

Protozoology. The Elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2. Ash, L.A. and T.C. Orihel. 1997. Parasites: A Guide to Laboratory Procedures and

Identification. ASCP Press, Chicago, USA. 3. Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar. 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. University Grants

Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan. 4. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, A. Jabbar, R.Z.Abbas and M.N. Khan. 2006. Techniques in

Parasitology. Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.5. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, R.Z. Abbas and M.N. Khan. 2003. Manual of General

Parasitology and Protozoology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 6. Roberts, L.S. and J.J. Janovy. 2000. Foundations of Parasitology. 5th Ed., W.C.B.

Company, London, UK. 7. Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated

Animals. The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.8. Urquhart, G.M., J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn and F.W. Jennings. 2000.

Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, London, UK.

PARA-202 VETERINARY PROTOZOOLOGY 2(1-1)

THEORY Protozoology: definition, history of protozoa and their differences from other unicellular organisms; anatomy and physiology of protozoa; classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of protozoa: Trypanosoma/Leshmania, Trichomonas and Histomonas, Entamoeba, Giardia, Balantidium, Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoan, Hepatozoan, Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, Cryptosporidium, Ehrlichia and Eperythrozoan; Protozoan zoonosis.PRACTICAL

34

Course objectives and laboratory ethics; qualitative and quantitative faecal examination,Interpretation of faecal egg count; methods of blood examination; quality control for blood examination and pseudoparasites; examination of urine, genital discharges, sputum and cerebrospinal fluid for protozoa; mounting of protozoa; culture medium of protozoa; morphological examination of intestinal protozoa.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Akhtar, M., M.A. Hafeez and C.S. Hayat. 2003. General Parasitology and Protozoology. The Elite Scientific Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

2. Ash, L.A. and T.C. Orihel. 1997. Parasites: A Guide to Laboratory Procedures and Identification. ASCP Press, Chicago, USA.

3. Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar. 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. University Grants Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.

4. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, A. Jabbar, R.Z. Abbas and M.N. Khan. 2006. Techniques in Parasitology. Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan

5. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, R.Z. Abbas and M.N. Khan. 2003. Manual of General Parasitology and Protozoology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

6. Levine, N.D. 1990. Veterinary Protozoology. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

7. Roberts, L.S. and J.J. Janovy. 2000. Foundations of Parasitology. 5th Ed., W.C.B. Company, London, UK.

8. Ruprah, N. S. 1985. A Textbook of Clinical Protozoology. Oxonian Press, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

9. Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.

10. Urquhart, G.M., J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn and F.W. Jennings. 2000. Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, London, UK.

Splitted into following 2 courses

35

MICRO-201 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 4(3-2)

THEORYGeneral Microbiology: Introduction to Microbiology: Definition and branches of Microbiology, historical introduction including work of Pasteur, Koch, Lister and recent developments. Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes. Bacterial Growth and Multiplication: Physico-chemical requirement; pH, temperature, oxidation reduction potential, gaseous and nutritional requirements, etc. Types of culture media; bacterial multiplication and growth curves, continuous culture. Bacterial preservation. Bacterial genetics: Mutation and mutagenesis, transposons, conjugation, transformation, transduction, plasmids and their importance, lysogeny, introduction to genetic engineering. Fungi: Introduction to fungi, moulds and yeasts, growth requirements and modes of replication. Immunology: Introduction to immunity. Innate (non specific) immunity: natural barriers of defense, phagocytes and complement system. Classical and althernative complement pathways. Acquired immunity; types, immune responses. Antigens and antigenicity: Essential features of antigens, epitope, cross-reactivity, macrophage and antigen processing and presentation, other antigen presenting cells, fate of foreign materials within the body. Cells and organs of the immune system (birds and animals): B and T lymphocytes, cell interactions, immuno-regulators, regulation of immune system, immune tolerance. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC): MHC of domestic animals. Immunoglobulins: structure, isotypes, theories of antibody formation, monoclonal antibodies and hybridomas, immunoglobulins of domestic animals. Hypersensitivity: Types and mechanisms with examples of veterinary importance. Vaccines and vaccination: Immunization procedures, methods of vaccine production, vaccine administration, adverse consequences of vaccination. Immunomodulations: Immunosuppression, immunostimulation and immunopotentiation, adjuvants. Autoimmunity, autoimmuune diseases and tumour immunology.

PRACTICALSafety in the microbiological laboratory, demonstration of laboratory equipments, their basic functions and handling. Microscope and microscopy: Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescent, etc. Sterilization and disinfection: Physical agents including moist heat, dry heat, ionizing radiation, filtration, etc. Chemical agents, factors

MICRO-203 GENERAL VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORY Introduction of Microbiology, definition and branches of Microbiology, historical introduction including works of Pasteur, Koch and Lister etc; recent developments in microbiology; Prokaryotes v/s Eukaryotes, bacterial growth and multiplication, physico-chemical requirements (pH, temperature; oxidation reduction potential; gaseous and nutritional requirements); Types of culture media, bacterial multiplication and growth curve, continuous culture; Bacterial genetics, mutation and mutagenesis (transposons, conjugation, transformation); Role of transduction, lysogeny, plasmid in mutation and mutagenesis; Introduction to genetic engineering; Introduction to fungi, molds and yeasts, growth requirements and mode of replication of molds and yeasts, isolation and identification of molds and yeasts, classification of molds and yeasts; Clinical diagnosis of different fungal diseases; Fundamental characteristics of viruses (Definition and history of virology; general properties of viruses; methods of studying viruses; purification of viruses and determination of virus size), virus classification, virus replication (Adsorption-receptor/ligand; entry mechanisms; uncoating; biosynthesis of virus components; transcription and translation; assembly; release), Replication of RNA and DNA viruses and their comparison analysis; Replication of retroviruses and defective viruses; Properties of animal viruses at cellular levels (infection of cell with more than one viruses etc), Recombination; exaltation; dormancy and reactivation; interference, Mechanisms of haemagglutination, haemadsorption and elution; Interferon (Properties, types, mode of action, biological significance, antibodies vs interferon); Viral vaccines and factors affecting success/ failure of viral vaccines; Bacteriophages and their typing; Physico-chemical characteristics of viruses, Methods for isolation and identification of viruses.

PRACTICALSafety in microbiological laboratory; Demonstration of laboratory equipments, their basic functioning and handling; Microscope and microscopy (Bright field, dark field, phase contrast, fluorescent microscopes, etc.); Sterilization and disinfection and different methods e.g. moist heat, dry heat, irradiation, filtration and chemical agents etc (Phenol coefficient); Collection, preservation and submission of morbid material for

36

influencing activity, evaluation of antimicrobial activity (phenol coefficient). Bacteriological media: Preparation and demonstration of various culture media: (basic, enriched, selective, differential, enrichment, transport and storage media). Stains and staining: Simple (Loeffler’s methylene blue staining, differential (Gram’s and acid fast), special (flagella, capsule, spores, etc.). Methods of bacterial cultivation and growth. Bacterial colonies: Types and characteristics. Morphology: Shape and arrangement, micrometry and motility. Antibiotic sensitivity testing. Methods of antigen and hyperimmune sera preparation. Demonstration of sero-diagnostic methods like precipitation and agglutination. Demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity testing.

Books recommendedCappuccino, J.G. and N. Sherman, 1996. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. 4th Ed. Benjamin/Cum Publ. Co., California.Dawes, I.W. and I. W. Sutherland, 1999. Microbial Physiology. 2nd Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publ. Philadelphia.Hussain, I., M. Akhtar, S. Hayat, 1999. Practical Microbiology and Immunology.Jawetz, E., 2000. Medical Microbiology 21st Ed., Prentice-Hall Intl., Ltd., London.Khushi, M., A.R. Rizvi and M. Siddique, 1998. Manual of General Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.Talaro, K. and A. Talaro, 1996. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed. Win C. Brown Publ., Iowa.Tizzard, I. R., 1999. An Introduction to Veterinary Immunology. W.B. Saunders Co., London.Tortora, G.J., B.R. Funke and C.L. Case, 1997. Microbiology – An Introduction. 6th Ed., Addison and Wesley Longman Inc., California.Virella, G., 1997. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 3rd Ed., Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore.Vollum, R.L., D.G. Jamison and C.S. Cummins, 1994. Fairbrother’s Textbook of Bacteriology. 13th Ed. William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd., London.

laboratory diagnosis; Preparation and demonstration of various bacteriological media (General and selective); Demonstration of staining techniques (Gram’s, Loeffler’s, Zeihl-Neelson’s and spore staining techniques); Methods of bacterial cultivation and growth measurement; Identification of bacterial characteristics (colony, morphology, shape and arrangement); biochemical tests and sugar fermentation tests, micrometry and motility; antibiotic susceptibility testing; Isolation identification of common fungi and molds; Introduction to equipments used in virological work; Collection, transportation, storage and preparation of samples for virus studies, Purification of viruses; animal inoculation; egg inoculation; cell culture preparation; demonstration of cytopathic effects (CPE); Virus identification methods e.g., Electron microscopy; serology; precipitation test, virus neutralization test etc; Virus titration through LD50, ID50, EID50, CCID50; preservation and storage of purified viruses.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Burleson, F.G., T.M. Chanbes and D.I. Wiedranks. 1992. Virology-A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, London, UK.

2. Castro, A.E. and W.F. Henschele. 1992. Veterinary Diagnostic Virology. Mosby Yearbook, Inc., Baltimore, USA.

3. Cappuccino, J. and N. Shermon. 2004. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual. Pearson Education, New Jersy, USA.

4. Fenner, F.J., E.P. Gibbs, F.A. Murphy, M.J. Studdert and D.O. White. 1993. Veterinary Virology. 2nd Ed., Academic Press London, UK.

5. Merchant, I.A. and R.A. Packer. 1984. Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology. 7th

Ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 6. Quinn, P.J. 2002. Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Diseases. 1st Ed.,

Blackwell Scientific publishing, Massachuset, USA.7. Talaro, K. and A. Talaro. 2002. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed., Win C.

Brown Publ., Iowa, USA.

MICRO-205 FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOLOGY 2(1-1)

37

THEORY

Introduction to immunity, types of immunity, non specific (Innate) defense: Skin and mucous membranes; Complement system: components, pathways of activation, consequences of activation, regulation of complement system; Phagocytosis: Phagocytic cells, mechanism of phagocytosis; Antigen: Antigenicity, nature of antigens, essential features of antigens, epitopes, adjutants, cross reactivity; Specific defense; Humoral immunity: Primary response, secondary response; Functions of antibodies, Cell-mediated immunity: components and evaluation of cell mediated immunity, Theories of antibody formation, monoclonal antibodies and their uses, hybridomas; Immunoglobulin (antibodies): Nature of antibodies, structure; Classes and subclasses of immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin of domestic animals; Sources of lymphoid cells, primary lymphoid organs, clonal selection, activation of B cells; Cells and organs of immune system: origin of immune cells, T cells, activation of T cells, types of T cells; Secondary lymphoid organs, Lymphocytes; Cellular basis of antibody production: antigen sensitive cells, plasma cells, memory cells, Cellular basis of cell-mediated immunity: Response of T cells, lymphokines, cell mediated toxicity; Cell interactions, regulation of immune system, Immune tolerance; Major histocompatibility complex (MHC): MHC proteins, Importance of MHC; Hypersensitivity, mechanism and types of hypersensitivity; Immuno-prophylaxis immunization, types and procedures of immunonization; Passive and active immunization, Standard operational procedures; HACCP, Batch Manufacturing Record (BMR); Production, monitoring and immunotherapeutics, Passive immunizations, production of biologics, types and characteristics of vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, live attenuated and killed vaccines. Failures in vaccination, adverse consequences of vaccination, administration of vaccines, vaccination schedules, monitoring of vaccinated animals; Principles of serological tests; vaccine quality control, vaccine failure, vaccination schedule.

PRACTICAL

Bio-safety in an immunology laboratory; Introduction, handling and functions of

38

equipments used in Immunology laboratory; Use of Fluorescent microscope; Differential white blood cell count; Model system of phagocytosis; Bacterial agglutination test, precipitation test, complement fixation test, enzyme linked immunoassay, virus neutralization test; Preparation of antigen, raising of hyper-immune sera; Purification of antibodies in serum samples; Methods of vaccine production and evaluation; Demonstration of delayed hypersensitivity testing, SOP, BMR, HACCP; Cold chain system; Vaccination schedule, monitoring of vaccinated animals.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Tizzard, I.R. 2009. An Introduction to Veterinary Immunology. 4th Ed., W.B. Saunders, Co., London, UK.

2. Jawetz, E. 2010. Medical Microbiology. 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall International Ltd., London, UK.

3. Tortora, G.J., B.R. Funke and C.L. Case. 2009. Microbiology-An Introduction. Addison and Wesley Longman Inc., California, USA.

4. Hudson, L. and F.C. Hay. 1991. Practical Immunology. 3rd Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, UK.

5. Thomas, J.K., A.O. Barbara and A.G. Richard. 2006. Kuby Immunology. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, USA.

6. Helen, C., M. Haeney, S. Misbahand and N. Snowden. 2006. Essentials of ClinicalImmunology. 5th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publication, London, UK.

AN-202 FEED RESOURCES/FORAGE CONVERSATION 3(2-2)

THEORY

ANFT-211 ANIMAL FEED RESOURCES AND FORAGE CONVERSATION 3(2-1)

39

Classification of feed stuffs and their nutritive value and anti-nutritional factors; Feed resources of Pakistan for livestock and poultry; availability trends, feeding practices in rural, peri-urban and urban livestock farming; Forage crops of Pakistan and their nutritional quality, scope for improving fodder productive. Fodder production technology for year round green fodder availability in different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan; Forage conservation and its importance, advantages and disadvantages; Hay making; Forage crops available for hay making in Pakistan; Techniques of hay making, Hay feeding practices; Silage preparation; Types of silo, choice of forage crops for silage, ensiling technique and requirements for making good silage, fermentation characteristics of good and bad silages; Agro-industrial by-products and wastes, their availability and quality evaluation; Improvement strategies of poor quality feeds; physical, chemical and biological treatments; Supplementation strategies for stall fed and grazing animals; Drought feeding; Feed additives, their classification, mode of action and uses in ruminants and poultry.

PRACTICALIdentification of fodder and forage species and their morphological

characteristics. Hay making and quality evaluation of hay. Silage preparation. Laboratory analysis of silage samples for quality; dry matter, pH, ammonia-N; Urea ammonia alkali treatment of cereal straws. Preparation of multinutrient feed blocks.

Books RecommendedDennis, J.M., 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press Inc, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, USA.Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann, 1990/Latest Edition, Feeds and Nutrition Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co. Clovis, California, USA.Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullision and R.S. Lowery, 1999. Feeds and Feeding. 5th Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.Preston, T.R. and R.A. Leng, 1987. Matching Ruminants Production Systems with Available Feed Resources in the Tropics and Subtropics. Penambul Books, Armidale, Australia.Renard, C. 1997. Crop Residues in Sustainable Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming Systems. CAB International, UK.

THEORY Classification of animal feed stuffs, Nutritive value of different feedstuffs, Anti-nutritional factors, Feed resources of Pakistan for poultry, Availability trends of feedstuffs, Feeding practices in livestock farming, Scope for improving fodder production, Forage crops conservation, Advantages and disadvantages of hay making, Techniques of hay making, Hay feeding practices, Choice of forage crops for silage, Agro industrial byproducts and their availability and biological treatments, Supplementation strategies for stall fed and grazing animals, Feed additives, their classification, mode of action and uses in ruminants and poultry.

PRACTICAL Identification of fodder and forage species, Morphological characteristics of forage species, Hay making, Hay quality evaluation, Silage preparation demonstration, Silage preparation, Laboratory analysis of silage samples for quality, Laboratory analysis of silage samples for dry matter, Laboratory analysis of silage samples for pH, Laboratory analysis of silage samples for ammonia N, Urea treatment of cereal straw, Alkali/ammonia treatment of cereal straw, Preparation of multi nutrition feed blocks.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Sarwar, M. and C.S. Ali. 2000. The Rumen; Digestive Physiology and Feeding

Management. The Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 2. Perry, T.W., A.E. Cullision and R.S. Lowery. 1999. Feeds and Feeding. 5th Ed.,

Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA. 3. Renard, C. 1997. Crop Residues in Sustainable Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming

Systems. CAB International, London, UK. 4. Dennis, J.W. 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press Inc., Harcourt

Brace Jovanovich Publishers, USA. 5. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition

Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.

6. Preston, T.R. and R.A. Leng. 1987. Matching Ruminants Production Systems with Available Feed Resource in the Tropics and Subtropics. Penambul Books, Armidale, Australia.

40

Sarwar, M. and C. S. Ali 2000. The Ruman: Digerstive Physiology and feeding management. The Friend Science Publisher. 39-B, Peoples Colony No.1, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

ABG-202 ANIMAL BREEDING PLANS AND POLICIES 3(2-2)THEORYRole of animal breeding. Opportunities for breeding and improvement of farm animals and poultry. Animal genetic resources. National breeding policy. Constraints and future breeding plans. Emerging breeding technologies. Selection methods and kinds. Various systems of breeding: inbreeding, line-breeding, out-breeding, out-crossing, crossbreeding, grading up. Development of inbred lines, selection for best combining abilities, reciprocal recurrent selection. Traits of economic importance in cattle/buffalo, sheep/goat and poultry. Role of breed registry societies/associations in developed countries and its application in Pakistan.

PRACTICALComputation of various productive traits in farm animals and poultry. Exercises on the feasibility of pure breeding and crossbreeding in farm animals and poultry. Measurement of coefficient of relationship and inbreeding. Measurement of heterosis. Estimation of genetic changes in performance traits due to various mating systems. Evaluation of livestock and poultry on the basis of their own performance, pedigree and progeny. Selection exercises and assessment of genetic gain. Calculation of breeding values from single and repeated records. Visit of livestock and poultry breeding farms.Books RecommendedBourdon, R.M., 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.Legates, J.E. and E.J. Warwick, 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm Animals, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York.MINFAL, 1991 National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.Oldenbroek, J.K., 1999. Gene banks and the Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic Resources. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Health, The Netherlands.Willis, M.B., 1998. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding. Blackwell Science Ltd. UK.

Shifted to Semester VII

BIOCHEM-202 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2(2-0)

THEORY

Shifted to Semester II

41

Chromosome structure and genomic organisation, DNA as a carrier of genetic information, double helical structure of DNA, forces stabilising nucleic acid structures, supercoiled DNA, DNA replication general aspects and enzymes involved, prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication mechanisms, repair of DNA, RNA, polymerases and transcription, post transcriptional processing, splicing, regulation of transcription in prokaryotes, genetic code, structure of transfer RNA, ribosome structure, translation mechanism, inhibitors of protein synthesis, post-translational modifications, nucleic acid fractionation and sequencing, chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides, DNA cloning technology. Vectors, hosts, enzymes involved in cloning. Genomic and cDNA libraries, PCR and its use in forensics and diagnostics. Molecular biology in veterinary medicine.Books RecommendedAlberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts and D. Watson, 1989. Molecular biology of the cell. 2nd Edition. Carland Publishers. Inc. New York.Lehninger, A.L., D.L. Nelson and M.M. Cox, 1993. Principles of Biochemistry. 2nd

Edition. Worth Publishers. New York.Singer, M. and P. Berg, 1991. Genes and Genomes. University Science Books, Nill Valley, California, USA.Voet, D. and T.G. Voet, 1990. Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

New Course

PHYSIO-203 ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROMUSCULAR PHYSIOLOGY 2(1-1)

THEORYNeuromuscular Physiology: Introduction to neurophysiology; Physiologic anatomy of neuron; Action potential (properties and types); Synapse and synaptic transmission; Types of neurotransmitters; Physiologic anatomy and neurophysiology of skeletal muscles, mechanism of contraction and excitation-contraction coupling mechanism; Physiologic anatomy of smooth muscle, its types, electrophysiological differences and mechanism of contraction; Divisions of nervous system (CNS and PNS); Concept of upper motor and lower motor neurons; Autonomic nervous system; Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions; Types of receptors and their properties; Anatomical divisions of brain and functions of each part; Endocrine Physiology: An overview of

42

endocrine system; Integration of endocrine and nervous system; Classification and transport of hormones; Hormone-cell interaction and feedback mechanism; Pituitary gland (functional anatomy, secretions and their physiological functions); Thyroid gland (physiological anatomy; synthesis, release and functions of thyroxin and triiodothyronine); Endocrine pancreas (role of insulin and glucagon in regulation of glucose metabolism); Parathyroid gland (physiological anatomy; synthesis, release, functions and abnormalities of parathormone and calcitonin).

PRACTICAL

Demonstration of various instruments used in laboratory (Power-lab., Tissue Organ Bath, Kymograph, Oscilloscope, Student’s Stimulator etc.); Pithing of a frog and demonstration of spinal reflexes; Nerve-muscle preparation of frog; Effect of various physiological stimuli on nerve-muscle preparation of frog; Effect of various chemical stimuli on nerve-muscle preparation of frog; Fatigue phenomena in muscle to determine the velocity of nerve impulse in frog’s nerve muscle preparation; Effect of increasing strength on muscle activity of frog; Isolated heart activity of a frog/rabbit; Recording of myocardial activity of isolated heart in decerebrated frog; Demonstration of isolated intestinal activity of rabbit; Demonstration of location of endocrine glands in rats and rabbits; Thyroidectomy in dogs, its metabolic effects and replacement therapy; Isolated rat uterus and effect of oxytocin; Glucose tolerance test.

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Costanzo, L. 2008. Physiology. 4th Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.2. Cunningham, J.G. and B.G. Klein. 2007. Textbook of Veterinary Physiology. 4th

Ed., W.B. Saunders Elsevier Publishers, Philadelphia, USA. 3. Guyton, A.C. and J.E. Hall. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th Ed., WB

Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.4. Barreet, K.E., S.M. Barman, S. Boitano and H.L. Brooks. 2006. Ganong’s Review

of Medical Physiology. 23rd Ed., Appleton & Lange, California, USA. 5. Dukes, H.H., M.J. Swenson and W.O. Reece. 2004. Duke’s Physiology of

Domestic Animals. 12th Ed., Comstock Publishing, California, USA.6. Zia-ur-Rahman, B. Aslam, J.A. Khan and T. Khaliq. 2007. Manual of Physiology-I.

43

Department of physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

7. Jafri, S.A., M. Rabbani and H. Rehman. 2002. Manual of Digestive Physiology. Muktaba-i-Danishwarran, Lahore, Pakistan.

8. Frandson, R.D., W.L. Wilke and A.D. Fails. 2009. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 7th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, UK.

New Course

PS-202 POULTRY BREEDING AND HATCHERY MANAGEMENT 2(1-1)

THEORY Objectives of poultry breeding for meat and egg production; Qualitative and quantitative traits, heritability of quantitative traits; Significance of poultry breeding systems; Factors affecting egg size and composition; Natural and artificial incubation; Designs of modern incubators, incubation principles; Collection, handling, storage and transportation of hatching eggs; Factors affecting hatchability; Commercial hatchery management; Embryonic development of chick, incubation at high altitude; Hatchery sanitation and waste management.

PRACTICAL Identification of different poultry breeds; Judging, selection and culling; Hatchery design and construction principles; Selection, setting and candling of hatching eggs; Cleaning, disinfection, fumigation of incubators; Taking of hatch, sexing, grading, vaccination and transportation of baby chicks; Preparation of hatchery feasibility report; importance of record keeping and computers in breeding and hatchery operations; Visit to commercial breeding farm, hatchery and poultry show.

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg

Production. 5th Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Massachusetts, USA.

44

2. Crawford, R.D. 1990. Poultry Breeding and Genetics. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

3. Etches, R. J. 1996. Reproduction in Poultry. CAB International, London, UK. 4. Ensminger, M.E. 1992. Poultry Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc.

Danville, Illinois, USA. 5. Muir, W.M. and S.E. Aggrey. 2003. Poultry Genetics: Breeding and

Biotechnology. Ist Ed., CAB International, London, UK. 6. Parkhurst, C.R. and G.J. Mountney. 1997. Poultry Meat and Egg Production.

Chapman and Hall Inc., New York, USA. 7. Taylor, L.W. 2003. Fertility and Hatchability of Chicken and Turkey Egg.

Greenword Publishers, Lucknow, India.

Shifted from Semester I

ZOOL-201 INTRODUCTION TO FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 2(1-1)

THEORY Introduction to fisheries and aquaculture, national and international trends. Fish morphology and diversity in size and shape. Distribution of fishes in Pakistan, commercial fishes, marine and freshwater fishes. Types of ponds, planning, construction and pond preparation. Pond fertilization, application; Food and feeding habits of fishes, feeding types, artificial and natural fish food, artificial fish feeds. Fish habitat, ecology and extant of distribution, water quality parameters (abiotic: temperature, light, salinity, pH, turbidity, etc.) and their effects on fish health and production. Biotic parameters (plankton, insects, aquatic vegetation, etc) of ponds, lakes, rivers and their impacts on fish growth. Induced breeding. Fish diseases and their control. Fishing gears, fishing techniques, fishing communities. Fish preservation, processing, transportation and marketing.

PRACTICAL Morphological characters of a typical fish; Species identification, fin formula, key to identification of commercial fishes; Dissection of common fish to study its various

45

systems. Practical demonstration of induced breeding; Introduction to artificial feed ingredients; Determination of water quality parameters.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Ali, S.S. 1999. An Introduction to Freshwater Fishery Biology. University Grants

Commission, H-9 Islamabad, Pakistan.2. Pillay, T.V.R. and M.N. Kutty. 2005. Aquaculture: Principles and Practices.

Blackwell Science Limited, New York, USA.3. Sharma, O.P. 2009. Handbook of Fisheries and Aquaculture. Agrotech Publishing

Academy, New Delhi, India.4. Stickney, R.R. 2009. Aquaculture: An Introductory Text. CABI Publishing,

London, UK.New Course

MATH-200 ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS 2(2-0)

THEORY

Number Systems; Sets and Functions; Percentage, ratio and proportions; Graph of Linear Equation. Matrices: Types, properties, operations, inversion; Solution of system of linear equation by using Inverse method and Cramer’s rule. Determinants: Minors and cofactors, determinant of a Square Matrix. Quadratic Equations: Solution of Quadratic equation by factorization, Completing Square and solving by Quadratic Formula; Reducible to Quadratic Equation; Three cube roots of Unity; Synthetic division, Nature of roots; System of two equations involving two variables. Sequences and Series: Permutation, combination and probability. Binomial Theorem. Fundamentals of Trigonometry and Trigonometric identities. Derivatives and integration.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Beecher, J.B., J. Penna and M. Bittinger . 2012. Algebra and Trigonometry. 4th Ed.,

46

Pearson Education, New York, USA.2. Dugopolski, M. 2010. College Algebra and Trigonometry: A Unit Circle

Approach. 5th Ed., Pearson Education, New York, USA.3. Gantert, A.X. 2009. Amsco’s Algebra 2 and Trigonometry . Amsco School

Publications Inc., New York, USA.4. Hostetler, P.R. 2010. Algebra and Trigonometry. 8th Ed., Cengage Learning, USA.5. Stokowski, E.W. and J.A. Cole. 2007. Algebra and Trigonometry with Analytic

Geometry. Amazon Publishers, USA.

Semester IV Semester IV

PATH-202 SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY 4(3-2)

THEORYCongenital and developmental anomalies. Pathology of various systems and

organs of the body including digestive system, urinary system, respiratory system, circulatory system, lymphatic system, male and female reproductive system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system and skin, sense organs and appendages. Pathology of metabolic diseases.PRACTICAL

Postmortem examination of small and large animals and interpretation of findings. Collection of pathological specimen from the abattoir and description of the lesion. Histopathology of systemic diseases.

Books RecommendedJones T.C. and R. D. Hunt, 1983. Veterinary Pathology. 5th Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.Jubb, K.V.F., P.C. Kennedy and N. Palmer, 1985. Pathology of Domestic Animals. 3 rd

Ed. Vol. I II & III Academic Press Inc., New York and London.

PATH-203 SYSTEMIC VETERINARY PATHOLOGY 4(3-1)

THEORY Digestive system: Developmental anomalies and acquired lesions of mouth, ipervit poisoning, cleft palate, dental carries, sialoadentis, ptylism aptylism, renula. Diseases of esophagus: choking, diverticulum; Tympany or bloat; traumatic pericarditis; Diseases of abomasum, Enteritis, Types, Etiology, Intussusception. Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD): Aphthous Fever, Rinderpest, Pestis de Petits Ruminants; Malignant Catarrhal Fever, Mucosal Disease/Bovine Viral Diarrhoea, Actinomycosis and Actinobacillosis, Blue Tongue (Sore-Muzzle); Black Tongue, Johne’s Disease (Paratuberculosis). Clostridial infections: Botulism, Anthrax, Black Disease, Big Head; Bacillary Haemoglobinuria, Hepatitis. Skin and appendages: Overview, Poxes, Sheep-Pox, Goat-Pox, lumpy skin disease, Cattle-Pox, Buffalo-Pox, Pseudo-Cow-Pox (Milker’s Nodules); Contagious ecthyma; Dermatitis: Solar, infectious, parasitic, dermatophytes (Ring worms), Mange: Psoroptic, chorioptic mange, Neoplasia. Urinary system: functional histology, congenital and hereditary anomalies, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic syndrome, Interstitial nephritis, Toxic tubular nephritis, Nephrosis; Pulpy kidney disease, Cystitis, Urolithiasis; Tumors of urinary system. Cardiovascular system: Congenital anomalies, Tetratology of fallot, Cardiovascular anomalies, Cardiac failure: Acute, chronic, congestive, right and left sided; High altitude disease, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Hydropericardium, Endocarditis, Arteriosclerosis, Varicose

47

veins, Etio-pathology of anemia. Nervous system: Congenital anomalies, Encephalitis, encephalomlacia, Hydrocephalus, Rabies, Mad-itch (Aujeszky’s Disease), Louping ill, Psuedo-rabies, Circling disease, BSE, neoplasms. Respiratory system: Overview, anomalies, Rhinitis, Herpesvirus Infection, Epistaxis, Bronchiectasis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Stages and types of pneumonia: Embolic, Verminous, Gangrenous, Bronchopneumonia, Asthma, Pleuritis, Atelectasis, Emphysema, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Malignant Catarrh (Malignant Catarrhal Fever); Tuberculosis, Neoplasms. Musculo-skeleton system: Overview, inherited diseases of muscles; Equine ehandomyolysis (Snydrome), White muscle disease, Myositis, Fracture repair, Rickets, Osteomalacia, Osteodystrophy, Osteoporosis, Osteopetrosis, Exostoses, neoplasia. Reproductive system: Anomalies: Tumors of the ovary, Granulosa cell tumor, Theca-cell tumor, Salpingitis, Pyosalpinx; Segmental aplasia; Uterus unicornous; Endometritis, Developmental anomalies of testis; Testicular hypolasia, Testicular degeneration, Orchitis, Tumours of male organs; Semininoa; Sertoli cell or Sustentacular cell tumor, Interstitial or Leydig cell tumor. Metabolic diseases: Postparturient haemoglobinuria, Milk fever, Hypervitaminosis, Hypomagnesaemia, Ketosis or acetonaemia, Grass tetany, Pregnancy toxaemia.

PRACTICAL

Gross lesions of oral cavity and oesophagus. Microscopic lesions of oral cavity and oesophagus. Gross examination of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Microscopic lesions of rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum. Gross lesions of small and large intestine. Microscopic lesions of small and large intestine. Gross and microscopic lesions of liver. Gross examination of upper respiratory tract. Microscopic lesions of upper respiratory tract. Gross examination of lower respiratory tract. Microscopic lesions of lower respiratory tract. Lesions of urinary system, Lesions of male reproductive system. Lesions of female reproductive system. Lesions of nervous and cardiovascular system. Lesions of musculo-skeletal system.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Cheville, N.F. 2006. Introduction to Veterinary Pathology. 3rd Ed., Iowa State

University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

48

2. McGavin, D.M. and J.F. Zachary. 2007. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 4th

Ed., Mosby, St. Louis, MO, USA.3. Dunlop, R.H. and C.H. Malbert. 2004. Veterinary Pathophysiology. Blackwell

Publishers, Ames, Iowa, USA. 4. Majno, G. and I. Joris. 2004. Cells, Tissues and Disease: Principles of General

Pathology. 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press, New York, USA. 5. Slauson, D.O. and B.J. Cooper. 2002. Mechanisms of Disease. A Textbook of

Comparative General Pathology. 3rd Ed., Mosby, A Harcourt Health Sciences Company, London, UK.

6. Tubbs , R.R. and M.H. Stoler . 2008. Cell and Tissue Based Molecular Pathology. Churchill Livingstone, New York, USA.

PARA-202 HELMINTHOLOGY 4(3-2)

THEORYIntroduction; Classification; Anatomy and Physiology of Helminths;

Morphology, life cycle, diagnosis and control/biocontrol of the species of the following: 1) Trematodes: Dicrocoelium, Opisthorchis, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Echinostoma, Metagonimus, Paragonimus, Eurytrema, Prosthogonimus, Nanophyetus, Paramphistomum, Cotylophoron, Gastrothylax, Gastrodiscus, Schistosoma, Ornithobilharzia. 2) Cestodes: Anoplocephala, Paranoplocephala, Moniezia, Avitellina, Stilesia, Thysanosoma, Davainea, Raillietina, Amoebotaenia, Choanotaenia, Dipylidium, Hymenolepis, Taenia, Multiceps, Echinococcus, Mesocestoides, Diphyllobothrium, Spirometra. 3) Nematodes: Ascaris, Parascaris, Toxascaris, Toxocara, Oxyuris, Enterobius, Heterakis, Ascaridia, Subulura, Strongyloides, Rhabditis, Strongylus, Chabertia, Oesophagostomum, Stephanurus, Ancylostoma, Necator, Uncinaria, Bunostomum, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Dictyocaulus, Metastrongylus, Protostrongylus, Angiostrongylus, Habronema, Thelazia, Spirocerca, Gongylonema, Tetrameres, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, Loa, Parafilaria, Setaria, Dipetalonema, Onchocerca, Dracunculus, Trichinella, Trichuris, Capillaria, Dioctophyma, Acanthocephala, Macrocanthorhynchus, Annelida, Hirudo; Helminth zoonoses.

PARA-203 VETERINARY HELMINTHOLOGY 4(3-1)

THEORY Introduction to helminthology; Classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of trematodes: Dicrocoelium, Eurytrema, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis, Nanophyetus, Fasciola, Fasciolopsis, Fascioloides, Echinostoma, Metagonimus, Paragonimus, Prosthogonimus, Paramphistomum, Cotylophoran, Gastrothylax, Gastrodiscus and Schistosoma; Classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of cestodes: Anoplocephala, Paranoplocephala, Moniezia, Avitellina, Stilesia, Thysanosoma, Davainea, Raillietina, Amoebotaenia, Choanotaenia, Dipylidium, Hymenolepis, Taenia, Echinococcus, Mesocestoides, Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra; Classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following genera of nematodes: Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Chabertia, Oesophagostomum, Ascaris, Parascaris, Toxascaris, Toxocara, Heterakis, Ascaridia, Strongylus, Dictyocaulus, Metastrongylus, Protostrongylus, Meulleruis, Rhabditis, Stephanurus, Thelazia, Spirocerca, Gongylonema, Tetrameres, Angiostrongylus, Habronema, Ancylostoma, Necator, Uncinaria, Oxyuris, Enterobius, Subulura, Strongyloides, Gnathostoma, Dirofilaria, Wuchereria, Loa, Parafilaria, Setaria, Dipetalonema, Onchocerca, Dracunculus, Trichinella, Trichuris, Capillaria,

49

PRACTICALMethods for collection, transportation, fixation and preservation of flukes, tapeworms and round worms; Methods for collection and examination of faeces, urine and sputum for the presence of eggs/larvae of various helminths; Methods for examination and staining of blood film for helminths; Identification of important members of class Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala; Collection of slaughter house materials for the demonstration of helminths.

Books RecommendedChowdhry, N., and I. Tada, 1994. Helminthology. Narosa Publication House, New

Delhi.Georgi, J. R., M. E. Georgi and V. J. Theodorides, 1999. Parasitology for Veterinarians. 7th Ed. W.B. Saunder Company London.Halton, D.W., M. Behinke and I. Marshal, 2001. Practical Exercises in Parasitology. Cambridge University Press. BSP.Hayat C.S. and M. Akhtar, 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis, UGC, Govt. of Pakistan.Iqbal, Z., M. N. Khan, Z. D. Sandhu and A. Jabbar, 2003. Textbook of Veterinary Helminthology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Iqbal, Z., Z. D. Sandhu and A. Jabbar 2003. Veterinary Helminthology Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. .Kassai, T., 1999. Veterinary Helminthology. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1986. Manual of Veterinary Laboratory Parasitological Techniques. Reference Book 418, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, LondonUrquhart, G.M., J. L. Duncan, A. M. Dunn, F. W. Jennings, 2000. Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, U.K.Soulsby, E. J. L., 1986. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society Bailliere Tindall, London.

Dioctophyma, Acanthocephala, Macrocanthorhynchus, Annelida and Hirudo; Discussions.

PRACTICAL Methods for collection, transportation, fixation and preservation of helminthes; Methods for collection and examination of faeces, urine and sputum for the presence of eggs/larvae of various helminthes; Methods for examination and staining of blood film for helminthes; Identification of trematodes, cestodes and nematodes; Field visit at livestock and poultry farms for collection and identification of endoparasites; Review.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Chowdhry, N. and I. Tada. 1994. Helminthology. Narosa Publication House, New

Delhi, India. 2. Georgi, J.R., M.E. Georgi and V.J. Theodorides. 1999. Parasitology for

Veterinarians. 7th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, London. UK. 3. Halton, D.W., M. Behinke and I. Marshal. 2001. Practical Exercises in

Parasitology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.4. Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar. 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. University Grants

Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.5. Iqbal, Z., M.S. Sajid, A. Jabbar, R.Z. Abbas and M.N. Khan. 2006. Techniques in

Parasitology. Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan.6. Iqbal, Z., Z.D. Sandhu and A. Jabbar. 2004. Manual of Veterinary Helminthology.

Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.7. Kassai, T. 1999. Veterinary Helminthology. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, UK. 8. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1986. Manual of Veterinary

Laboratory Parasitological Techniques. Reference Book 418, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK.

9. Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.

10. Urquhart, G.M., J. Armour, J.L. Duncan, A.M. Dunn and F.W. Jennings. 2000. Veterinary Parasitology. Longman Scientific and Technical, London, UK.

MICRO-202 BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY 3(2-2) MICRO-206 VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY 3(2-1)

50

THEORY

Bacteriology: An overview of classification and nomenclature of bacteria. Morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical activities, resistance to physico-chemical agents, antigenic properties, toxins, association with animal diseases, diagnosis and immuno-prophylaxis for the following genera/groups: Aerobic G+ve cocci; Streptococcus (equi, pyogenes, agalactiae, dysgalactiae, faecalis, pneumoniae, uberis etc). Staphylococcus (aureus, intermedius, hycus etc.). Facultative anaerobic G-ve rods: Escherichia coli, Salmonella (gallinarum, pullorum, dublin, typhimurium, enteritidis, abortus, equi, etc.), Shigella, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia, Vibrio, Pasteurella (multocida, hemolytica), Haemophilus (paragallinarum, etc.). Aerobic non-spore forming G+ve rods: Corynebacterium (diphtheriae, bovis, ovis, equi, renale, pyogenes), Listeria monocytogenes. Erysepilothrix incidiosa. Acid-fast bacteria: Mycobacterium (tuberculosis, bovis, avium and murium), M. Johnei, M. leprae and atypical mycobacteria, Nocardia. Aerobic and anaerobic G+ve sporeforming rods: Bacillus anthracis and anthracoides, Clostridium (tetani, botulinum, oedematiens, septicum, chauvoei, welchii, etc.) Dermatophilus congolenses, Anaerobic G-ve rods: Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Actinomycetes (Actinomyces bovis). Aerobic and anaerobic spirochaetes: Borrelia anserina, Leptospira (canicola, pomona, icterohaemorrhagica, etc). Treponema and Spirillum species. Aerobic/Microaerophilic G-ve helical rods: Campylobacter (foetus, veneralis, intestinalis, bubulas, jejuni, coli), etc. Aerobic G-ve rods and cocci: Actinobacillus lignieresi, Brucella (abortus, melitensis, suis, ovis, canis), Francicella tularensis. Moraxella. Pseudomonas (aeruginosa, mallei, pseudomallei), Bordetella. Chlamydial diseases in animals. Aerobic cell wall free bacteria: Mycoplasma (mycoides, bovigenitalium, capri, agalactiae, argini, canis, gallisepticum, synoviae, maleagridis, etc.). Acholeplasma, Ureaplasma, etc.Mycology: Classification of fungi. General characteristics, natural habitat, disease association and laboratory diagnosis of the following: Dermatophytes; Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton. Pathogenic yeasts: Candida, Trichosporum, Diamorphic fungi; Sporothrix, Blastomyces, histoplasma, Coccidioides, etc. Zygomycetes: Absidia, Mucor, Rhizopus, etc. Mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses: General features, mycotoxin formation, characteristics of mycotoxins, mycotoxicosis including aflatoxicosis, fusarium toxicosis, ochratoxicosis, etc. General methods for diagnosis mycosis and mycotoxicosis.

THEORY

Classification of pathogens; Factors affecting pathogens; General characters, pathogenesis, epidemiology, prevention and control of Genus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus, Yersinia, Pasteurella, Brucella, Pseudomonas, Burkhulderia, Moraxella, Diplococcus, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Actinobacillus, Actinomyces, Nocardia, Dermatophillus, Erysipelothrix, Spirochaetes (Borellia, Treponema,Leptospira), Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mollicutes (Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, Acoleplasma), etc. Mycosis, dermatophytes, other diseases of fungal origin; Mycotoxicosis in animals.

PRACTICAL

Collection, transportation and processing of samples for bacterial diagnosis; Characterization of Staphylococcus spp, E. coli, Salmonella spp, Bacillus species, Pasteurella species, Mycobacterium species, Corynebacterium species, Clostridium spp, Mycoplasma spp; Fermentation for bacterial growth; Evaluation of bacterial vaccines; Monitoring of vaccinated animals; Skin sensitivity test for diagnosis of T.B. and glanders; Characterization of fungal contaminants.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Cappuccino, J. and N. Shermon. 2004. Microbiology: A Laboratory Manual.

Pearson Education, New Jersey, USA. 2. Prescott, L.M., P.H. John and A.K. Donald. 2005. Microbiology. 6th Ed., McGraw-

Hill Publishing, New York, USA.3. Merchant, I.A. and R.A. Packer. 2004. Veterinary Bacteriology and Virology. 7th

Ed., Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 4. OIE. 2000. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Off. Intl. Des.

Epiz., Paris, France. 5. Quinn, P.J. 2002. Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Diseases. 1st Ed.,

Blackwell Scientific publishing, Massachuset, USA.6. Virella, G. 2009. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 3rd Ed., Williams and

Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.

51

PHARM-201 GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 4(3-2)

THEORYGeneral Pharmacology: Introduction, historical perspectives, scope and

definitions. Terminology; Drug development and drug regulations. Drug sources. Classification of drugs. Physico-chemical characteristics of drugs and transport mechanisms across biomembranes. Drug formulations and routes of their administration. Biodisposition and bioavailability of drugs, protein binding, distribution, storage, metabolism and excretion. Pharmacokinetic principles and applications. Drug actions, non-specific and specific, structure activity relationship, receptor theories, dose-response relationship. Therapeutic index. Drug resistance, Adverse reactions to drugs. Drug interactions. Drug residues and their veterinary and public health concerns. Mass medication and growth promoting agents. Drug abuse and doping. Toxicology: Terms and definitions, toxicodynamics. Source of poisoning and poisonous plants. Factors affecting toxicology. Symptomatology testing, test reports and diagnosis of poisoning. Principles of specific and non-specific antidote therapy.

PRACTICALSWeights and measures. Prescription writing. Pharmaceutical calculations.

Partitition coefficient of drugs, Formulations; external and internal dosage forms. Techniques of drug administration in animals. Identification of various drugs. Preparation of ointments, liniments and tinctures. Experiments on drug antagonism and synergism, Drug assays. Acute toxicity study. Strychnine poisoning in rabbits/dogs. Demonstration of pharmacokinetic experiments. Tests for screening of residues; antibiotics, nitrates and hydrocyanic acid toxic levels in fodders. Drug incompatibilities. Study tour to pharmaceutical industry.

Books RecommendedAkhtar, M.S., 1999. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 3rd Ed. Agri. Livestock Bureau Pakistan, Faisalabad.Booth, N.H. and L.E. McDonald, 1988. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames.

PHARM-201 GENERAL VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICS 3(2-1)

THEORY

Introduction to pharmacology; Historical perspectives; Scope, definitions and terminology; Drug development, drug regulations and drug sources; Classification of drugs; Transport mechanisms across biomembranes; Drug formulations; Routes of drug administration; Biodisposition of drugs; Bioavailability of drugs; Absorption of drugs; Protein binding of drugs; Distribution, storage and metabolism of drugs; Excretion of drugs; Pharmacokinetics: Principles and applications; Pharmacodynamics; Drug actions; Structure activity relationships; Receptor theories; Dose-response relationships; Therapeutic index; Drug resistance; Drug idiosyncrasy; Adverse reactions of drugs; Drug interactions; Basic principles governing the preparation and dispensing of different dosage forms.

PRACTICAL

Weights and measures; Prescription writing; Pharmaceutical calculations; Partition coefficient of drugs; Formulations; External and internal dosage forms; Techniques of drug administration in animals; Identification of various drugs; Preparation of ointments, liniments and tinctures; Experiments on drug antagonism and synergism; Drug assays; Demonstration of pharmacokinetic experiments; Demonstration of bioavailability studies.

SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Riviere, J.E. and M.G. Papich. 2009. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.

9th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, New York, USA. 2. Katzung, B.G. 2009. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 11th Ed., McGraw Hill,

New York, USA.3. Brunton, L.L., J.S. Lazo and K.L. Parker. 2006. Goodman and Gillman’s

Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA.

52

Brander, G.C., D.M. Pugh, R.J. Bywater and W.L. Jenkins, 1996. Veterinary Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th Ed. Baillier Tindall, London.Einstein, R., R.S. Jones, A. Knifton & G.A. Starmern, 1994. Principles of Veterinary Therapeutics, Longman Sci. Tech. Essex. London.

4. Akhtar, M.S. 2004. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 4 th

Ed., Agri. Livestock Bureau, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 5. Shargel, L. and B.C. Andrew. 2012. Applied Biopharmaceutics and

Pharmacokinetics. 6th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA.AN-203 NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

3(2-2)THEORYFeeding standards their usefulness and limitations; Nutrient requirements of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, camel, horses and poultry for maintenance, growth, production and reproduction; Factors governing nutrient requirements of farm animals and poultry; Feed energy and its partitioning; Energy systems for livestock; Concept of rumen bypass nutrients (protein and lipids) relevancy to different production systems; Techniques for protecting proteins and lipids for increasing bypass value; Nutrient deficiency diseases their symptoms, control and prevention; Nutrient requirements of farm animals and poultry in relation to climatic stress.PRACTICALDetermination and prediction of energy values of feedstuffs; Demonstration of In-Vitro and In Sacco techniques for estimating protein degradability; Assignments for calculating nutrient requirements for livestock k and poultry. Visit to dairy farms and poultry farms.Books RecommendedEnsminger, M.E. and J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann, 1990/Latest Edition. Feeds and Nutrition Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers, 1991/Latest Edition. Commercial Pountry Nutrition, University Book, P.O. Box 1326, Guleph, Ontario, Canada.NRC , 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. 6th Revised/latest Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, USA.NRC , 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 6th Revised/latest Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, USA.NRC , 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Revised Edition. National Academy Press, Washington, USA.Payne, J.M. 1998. Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases of Cattle. Blackwell Sci., Publication, UK.

Splitted into 2 courses and placed in Semester V

53

AR-201 PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION 3(2-2)

THEORYEndocrinology: Endocrine functions of hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, ovary, testis, uterus and placenta.Female Reproduction: Functional anatomy of female reproductive tract. Puberty and factors affecting onset of puberty. Breeding seasons in farm animals. Physiology of estrous cycle, folliculogenesis, oogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, embryogenesis, maternal recognition of pregnancy, sex differentiation, placentation, gestation, parturition and lactation.

Male Reproduction: Functional anatomy of male reproductive tract. Puberty and factors affecting age at puberty.. Thermoregulation of testis, spermatogenesis, sperm morphology, ejaculation, composition of semen, factors affecting quality and volume of semen. Sperm transport in female reproductive tract, capacitation and acrosome reaction.PRACTICALAnatomy and functional histology of female reproductive tract. Palpation of female reproductive tract on the table and in live animals. Study of ovarian picture on the Table. Differential diagnosis of pregnant and non-pregnant reproductive tract. Anatomy of lactating and non-lactating udder. Anatomy and histology of male reproductive tract. Semen collection, evaluation and processing. Sperm morphology and its various abnormalities. Preparation of extenders for liquid and frozen semen. Freezing technique. Storage and thawing of frozen semen. Evaluation of thawed semen.Books RecommendedCupps, P.T., 1991. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 4th Ed., Academic Press Inc., California.Hafez, E.S.E., 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals, 7th Ed., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.Peters, A.R. and P.J.H. Ball, 1986. Reproduction in Cattle. Butterworths, London.Salisbury, S.W., N.L. Van-Demark and J.R. Lodge, 1978. Physiology of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination in Cattle. 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co. San Francisco.

Shifted to Semester VI

54

H-201 POULTRY MANAGEMENT AND HOUSING 3(2-2)

THEORYIntroduction to poultry farming: significance and present status. Breeds of poultry. Principles of poultry farming. Nests. Significance and management of litter. Feeding strategies for various stocks of poultry. Transportation and welfare of poultry. Sanitation disinfection and preparation poultry farms before receiving chicks. Brooding and rearing of chicks. Water quality. Formation of an egg. Poultry farm construction: principles, Layout design, and facilities. Materials used for construction of a poultry farm Open-sided houses. Controlled environment houses. Feasibility of poultry farming.PRACTICALExercises on designing, layout and construction of a poultry farm. Practice in brooding chicks. Demonstration of Debeaking.Visit to poultry farms. Books RecommendedEnsminger, M.E., 1992. Poultry Science. The interstate Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.

Shifted to Semester VI

Shifted from Semester VI

LM-202 SMALL RUMINANT PRODUCTION 2(1-1)

THEORYScope and role of small ruminants; Sheep and goat as milch, meat and wool/hair producer; Systems of production; Selection and measures for increased production; Routine management practices; Grazing management systems and supplementary feeding, Management during drought, Record keeping of sheep and goat, Forage production and feeding management, Fencing on ranges, Shearing and handling wool/hair, Establishing commercial flocks; Common ailments, Keeping flock healthy.

55

PRACTICALIdentification of sheep and goat breeds; Judging for milk, meat and wool/hair production, Farm practices i.e. castration, trimming of feet, suckling, tagging, docking, drenching, dipping, spraying and medication; Dentition for determining the age of sheep and goat; Shearing and handling of wool, Grading and scoring of wool; Identification of various forages; Sanitation and preventive measures; Sheep/goat farming; Visit to sheep and goat farms; Revision and discussion. SUGGESTED READINGS1. Ensminger, M.E. and .O. Parker. 1986. Sheep and Goat Science. Interstate Printers

and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA. 2. Holechek, J.L., R.D. Piper and C.H. Herbel. 1989. Range Management, Principles

and Practices. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood, Cliffs, NJ, USA.3. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal and M.I. Mustafa. 2003. Sheep and Goat Production. Dept.

Livestock Management, Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.4. Mackintosh, J.B. (ed). 1993. Sheep Production in Pakistan. Pakistan Agricultural

Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 5. Qureshi, M.A.A., G.S. Khan and M.S. Yaqoob. 1983. Range Management in

Pakistan. Kazi Publication, Lahore, Pakistan. 6. Steel, M., 1996. Goats. McMillan Education Ltd., London, UK.

Shifted from Semester V

ANFT-212 FEED EVALUATION, FORMULATION AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORY Techniques for estimating nutritive value of feed stuffs and their validity; In vivo and laboratory techniques; factors affecting the nutritive value of feeds; Measures of protein quality for monogastric animals; Protein efficiency ratio, gross protein value, the essential amino acid index, protein evaluation systems for ruminants; Natural toxicants of feeds and detoxification; Feeding systems for livestock and poultry; Feed raw material handling; Storage; mixing; processing and storage of finished feed; Quality control in feed processing; Forms of feeds and least cost ration formulation for ruminant livestock, equine, pets and poultry; Feed stuff laws and regulations.

56

PRACTICALUse of computer for least cost feed formulation for various classes of livestock and poultry; Availability pattern of feed stuffs in local market and their price structures; Manufacturing of wholesome feed; Demonstration of feeding trials for estimating feed efficiency; Visit of feed mills.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Banerjee, G.C. 1999. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH

Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi, India. 2. Cheeke, P.R. 1992. Applied Animal Nutrition: Feeds and Feeding. Delmar

Publishers, Canada. 3. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann. 1990. Feeds and Nutrition

Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.4. Lesson, S. and J.D. Summers. 2001. Commercial Poultry Nutrition. University

Book, P. O. Box 1326, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 5. McEllihiney, R.R. 1994. Feed Manufacturing Technology. IV. American Feed

Industry Association, Co., Clovis, California, USA.6. Singhal, K.K. 1992. Dictionary of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology.

Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi, India. Shifted from Semester I

STAT-202 BIO- STATISTICS 3(2-1)

THEORYIntroduction to statistics and bio-statistics; Types of data; Scales of measurements; Frequency distribution for continuous, discrete and nominal data, graphical representation of data; Exploratory data analysis; Stem and leaf displays; Box-whisker plots. Measures of location and measures of variability; Sampling distribution of mean and difference between two means and their properties; Testing of hypothesis for mean, proportion, difference between two means and difference between two proportions with their confidence intervals; Chi-Square test of independence of attributes; One-way and Two-way analysis of variance, principles of experimental design, basic experimental designs, standard error of treatment mean and difference between means, mean

57

separation tests.

PRACTICALThe statistical package of Minitab will be used for graphical presentation, descriptive statistics, tests of significance and confidence intervals about mean, proportion, difference between means and difference between proportions, analysis of basic designs and their interpretation using computer output.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Choudhry, M. R. 2001. Modern Statistics and Data Analysis. Ilmi Kitab Khana,

Lahore, Pakistan.2. Minitab user’s Manual.3. Muhammad, F. 2000. Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Kitab Markaz,

Faisalabad, Pakistan.4. Choudhry, S. M. and S. Kamal. 2000. Introduction to Statistical Theory: Part-I &

II. Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan.5. Zar, J.H. 2006. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall International Limited, London,

UK.Semester V Semester V

PHARM 302 SYSTEMIC PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 4(3-2)

THEORYDrugs acting on Central Nervous System: General considerations, Preanesthetic

medication, inhalant General anesthetics, intravenous anesthetics. Hypnotics, sedatives, analgesics, anticonvulsants, tranquilizers, stimulants. Local anesthesia, intraspinal and epidural anesthesia, Neuromuscular blocking agents. Autonomic drugs and autocoids, Antipyretics and analgesics. Antiinflammatory drugs. Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract; rumen pharmacology. Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract; rumen pharmacology. Drugs acting on respiratory system. Drugs acting on urinary system, diuretics and antidiuretics. Drugs acting on cardiovascular system. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Endocrine pharmacology. Nutritional pharmacology. Drugs acting locally on skin, mucus membranes, eyes and ears. Use of drugs in poultry, fist and zoo

PHARM-302 SYSTEMIC VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 3(2-1)

THEORY Drugs acting on central nervous system; General considerations and pre-anesthetic medication; Inhalant general anesthetics and intravenous anesthetics; Hypnotics, sedatives and analgesics; Anticonvulsants; Tranquilizers and CNS stimulants; Euthanasia; Local anesthesia; Intraspinal and epidural anesthesia; Neuromuscular-blocking agents; Autonomic drugs; Pharmacology of autacoids; Antipyretics and analgesics; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract; Rumen pharmacology; Drugs acting on respiratory system; Drugs acting on urinary system; Diuretics and anti-diuretics; Drugs acting on cardiovascular system; Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance; Endocrine pharmacology; Nutritional pharmacology;

58

animals.Chemotherapy; Concepts, definitions and principles, sensitivity and resistance,

resistance mechanisms and control, mode of actions, Antibiotics. Beta lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, nitrofurans and quinolones, etc. Sulfonamides and combinations with TMP Antiviral drugs, Antiseptics and disinfectants. Antitumor agents. Drugs used for external and internal parasites, coccidian and the blood parasites in animals.

PRACTICALSIsolated organ experiments; Effect of autonomic drugs on isolated heart, on

intestine of rabbit or guinea pigs. Effect of drug on intestinal motility in situ. Effect of autonomic drugs on eyes of rabbit. Rat hind quarter preparation. Diuretic and antidiuretic drug action demonstration in sheep or goat. Demonstration of drug effects on respiration and blood pressure in dog. Demonstration of techniques of volatile and intravenous anesthetics. Preanesthetic medication. Demonstration of epidural anesthesia in dog, buffaloes, or cows or sheep and conduction plesus anesthesia in grog. Infiltration, surface and intraspinal anesthesia in rabbit. Tests for residues of antibiotics & sulphonamides. Study tour of pharmaceutical industry.

Books recommendedAkhtar, M. S., 1999. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 3rd Ed. Agri. Livestock Bureau Pakistan, Faisalabad.Booth, N. H. and L. E. McDonald, 1988. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th

Ed. Iowa State University Prewss, Ames.Brander, G. C., D. M. Pugh, R. J. Bywater and W. L. Jenkins, 1996. Veterinary Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th Ed. Baillier Tindall, LondonEinstein, R., R. S. Jones, A. Knifton & G. A. Starmern, 1994. Principles of Veterinary Therapeutics, Longman Sci. Tech. Essex. London.

Drugs acting locally on skin and mucus membranes; Drugs acting locally on eyes and ears; Use of drugs in poultry; Use of drugs in fish; Use of drugs in zoo animals.

PRACTICAL

Effect of autonomic drugs on isolated heart and intestine of rabbit or guinea pigs; Effect of drug on intestinal motility in situ; Effect of autonomic drugs on eyes of rabbit; Rat hind quarter preparation for demonstration of vasodilating effects; Diuretic and anti-diuretic drug action demonstration in sheep or goat; Demonstration of drug effects on respiration in dog; Demonstration of drug effects on blood pressure in dog; Demonstration of techniques of volatile and intravenous anesthetics; Pre-anesthetic medication; Demonstration of epidural anesthesia in dog, buffaloes, cows, sheep/goat; Conduction plexus anesthesia in frog; Infiltration, surface and intraspinal anesthesia in rabbits.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Riviere, J.E. and M.G. Papich. 2009. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 9th Ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishers, New York, USA.

2. Katzung, B.G. 2009. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 11th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA.

3. Brunton, L.L., J.S. Lazo and K.L. Parker. 2006. Goodman and Gillman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th Ed., McGraw Hill, New York, USA.

4. Akhtar, M.S. 2004. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 4 th

Ed., Agri. Livestock Bureau, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

59

MICRO-303 GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC VIROLOGY 3(2-2)

THEORYFundamental characteristics of viruses: Definition and history of virology; general properties of viruses; methods for studying viruses; purification of viruses; determination of particle size. Virus classification. Virus replication: Adsorption-receptors/ligand, entry mechanisms, uncoating, biosynthesis of virus components-transcription and translation, assembly, release, replication of RNA, DNA and oncogenic viruses, defective viruses. Properties of animal viruses at cellular level: infection of cell with more than one virus; recombination (reassortment); exaltation, dormancy and reactivation; interference, mechanisms of haemagglutination, haemadsorption and elution. Interferon: Properties, types, mode of action, biological significance, antibodies vs interferons. Factors affecting success and failure of viral vaccines. Introduction to bacteriophages and its typing. Description including morphology, cultivation, physico-chemical characteristics, isolation and identification, immunity and disease association of following (RNA/DNA) viruses: Orthomyxoviridae: influenza type A, B and C, Newcastle disease virus. Parainfluenza virus, Canine distemper virus, Rinderpest virus, PPR virus, Respiratory syncytial virus. Rhabdoviridae: Vesicular stomatitis virus, Rabies virus, Bovine ephemeral fever virus, etc. Picornaviridae: Foot and mouth disease virus, Simian and Bovine entero viruses, Avian encephalitis virus and Human, Bovine and Equine rhinovirus, etc. Togaviridae: BVD, Western, Eastern and Venezualan equine encephalitis viruses, Sindbis virus, Equine arteritis virus, Swine fever virus, etc. Retroviridae: Avian leucosis virus, Simian virus, Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis virus, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), visna virus, Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, Equine infectious anemia virus, Bovine immuno-deficiency virus, etc. Coronaviridae: Avian infectious bronchitis virus, Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, Haemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus, Feline infectious peritonitis virus, Canine corona virus, bovine corona virus, etc. Poxviridae: Vaccinia virus, Monkeypox virus, Cowpox virus, Infectious ectromelia virus, Camelpox virus, Gishu disease virus, Orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, Bovine papular stomatitis virus, Sheep pox virus, goat pox virus, Lumpy skin disease virus. Fowl pox virus, Myxoma virus, Rabbit fibroma virus, etc. Herpesviridae: pseudorabies virus, feline rhinotracheitis virus, Avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus, Infectious bovine

MICRO-307 SYSTEMATIC VETERINARY VIROLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORY Description including morphology, cultivation, physico-chemical characteristics, isolation and identification of viruses; immunity/prophylaxis, association with disease; Diagnosis and control of RNA and DNA viruses; Viroids and prions of livestock, poultry and fish including zoonotic viruses. Systemic viral diseases of animal, man and insects.

PRACTICAL Sources of sample; Sample collection, transportation, and processing for virus isolation; Cultivation of different viruses on chicken embryos, cell culture and live animals; Establishment of monolayer of BHK-21 cell line; FMD Virus cultivation in BHK-21; PPR Virus cultivation in vero cell line; HPS virus cultivation in broilers; EM and demonstration of Negri bodies; Sero-characterization of NDV-HA & HI tests; virus neutralization; Sero-characterization of FMD virus ELISA, Sero-characterization of PPR virus CFT, Sero-characterization of IBDV – AGPT; Evaluation of attenuated live NDV virus vaccine; Evaluation of killed FMD vaccine.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Anonymous. 1999. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of

Avian Pathogens. 6th Ed., American Association of Avian Pathologists, Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

2. Castro, A.E. and W.F. Henschele. 1992. Veterinary Diagnostic Virology. Mosby Yearbook, Inc., Baltimore, USA.

3. Fenner, F.J., E.P. Gibbs, F.A. Murphy, M.J. Studdert and D.O. White. 1993. Veterinary Virology. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London, UK.

4. OIE. 2000. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Off. Intl. Des. Epiz., Paris, France.

5. Quinn, P.J., M.E. Carter, B.K. Markie and G.R. Carter. 1994. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wolf, London, UK.

60

rhinotracheitis virus, African malignant catarrhal fever virus, Marek’s disease virus and Equine herpes virus, etc. Adenoviridae: Human, Simian, Bovine, Ovine, Canine and Equine adenoviruses. Avian adenoviruses (CELO virus, IBHV, HPS, Egg drop syndrome virus, Haemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkey, etc.) Hepadnaviridae: Infectious canine hepatitis virus, etc. Papovaviridae: Papilloma and polyoma viruses. Parvoviridae: Human, Bovine, Canine, Equine and Avian, parvoviruses, feline panleukopenia virus. Adeno associated viruses of bovine, canine, avian, equine and ovine. Unclassified group: African swine fever virus, Scrapie, Bovine and other spongiform encephalopathies, viroids. Rickettsia.

PRACTICALAn introduction to equipments used in virological work. Collection, transportation of morbid material and preparation of sample for virus isolation/cultivation.Storage and preparation of sample for virus studies.Purification and concentration of virus (ultracentrifugation, precipitation and ultrafiltration). Cultivation of viruses: animal inoculation, embryonated egg inoculation, cell culture preparation and inoculation, demonstration of cytopathic effects (CPE). Virus identification methods: Electron microscopy, HA, precipitation, HI, IHA, ELISA, FAT, haemadsorption and VN tests. Demonstration of electron micrographs of various viruses.Demonstration and preparation of viral antigens. Virus titration: determination of LD50, ID50, EID50, CCID50 Preservation and storage of viruses (low temperature, freeze drying, etc.). General sketch for isolation and identification of viruses from diseased animals. Source of sample, sample collection, virus cultivation, EM and sero-characterization of at least following viruses of veterinary importance: ND virus, AIV, HPS, ILT, Pox virus, FMD virus, sheep pox virus, etc. Preparation and evaluation of live and inactivated virus vaccines (e.g. NDV). Visit to diagnostic laboratory/research institute.

Books recommendedAnonymous, 1999. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. 6th Ed. American Association of Avian pathologists, Iowa State University Press, Ames., Iowa.Burleson, F.G., T. M. Chanbes and D.I. Wiedrank. 1992. Virology – A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press, London.

61

Castro, A.E. and W.P. Henschele, 1992. Veterinary Diagnostic Virology. Mosby Year Book Inc., Baltimore.Fenner, F.J., E.P. Gibbs, F.A. Murphy, M.J. Studdert and D.O. White, 1993. Veterinary Virology. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London.Franckie, R.I.B., C.M. Fauquel, D.L. Knudson, and F. Brown, 1991. Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses. Report of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Springer-Verlag Wien., New York. OIE, 2000. Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Off. Intl. Des Epiz., Paris.Quinn, P.J., M.E. Carter, B.K. Markie and G.R. Carter, 1994. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. Wolf, London.Rabbani, M. and M. A. Muneer. 2001. Techniques in Virology. 1st Ed., College of Veterinary Sciences, Lahore.Talaro, K. and A. Talaro, 1996. Foundation in Microbiology. 2nd Ed. Win C. brown Publ., Iowa.Virella, G. 1997. Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 3rd Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.PARA-303 VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 3(2-2)THEORYIntroduction to Entomology; Arthropods & their economic significance; Classification of arthropoda; Respiratory, digestive, nervous and reproductive systems of arthropods; Morphology, life cycle, vector role and control of the species of the following families:

a. Phthirapatera: Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Pediculidae and othersb. Hemiptera: Cimicidae, Reduvidaec. Siphonaptera: Pulicidae, and othersd. Diptera: Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simulidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae,

Gastrophilidae, Glossinidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Oesteridae, Hypodermatidae, Cuterebridae, Hippoboscidae

e. Acarina: Ixodidae, Argasidae, Demodicidae, Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Dermanyssidae, Cheylotidae

f. Pathogens transmitted by insects and arachnidsg. Biological control of arthropods

PARA-304 VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 3(2-1)

THEORY General introduction of entomology: arthropods and their economic significance; classification of arthropoda; respiratory, digestive, nervous and reproductive systems of arthropods; different types of mouth parts of insects and arachnids and their significance in disease transmission; classification, morphology, life cycle, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of the species of the following families of arthropods: Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Pediculidae, Cimicidae, Reduvidae, Culicidae, Ceratopogonidae, Simulidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae, Gastrophilidae, Glossinidae, Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Oesteridae, Hypodermatidae, Cuterebridae, Hippoboscidae, Ixodidae, Argasidae, Demodicidae, Sarcoptidae, Psoroptidae, Dermanyssidae and Cheylotodae, Pathogens transmitted by insects and arachnids: A Review.

62

PRACTICAL Methods for collection, fixation and preservation of arthropods. Methods for

preparation of permanent mounts and pinning of insects and arachnids. Examination of skin scrapings for mange Identification of diptera larvae by stigmal plates. Practical demonstration of wing venation of insects. Field visit at livestock and poultry farms for collection and identification of ectoparasites. Identification of important members of the order Phthiraptera, Hemiptera, Siphonaptera; Diptera and Acarina.

Books RecommendedGeorgi, J. R., M. E. Georgi and V. J. Theodorises, 1999. Parasitology for Veterinarians. 7th Ed. W.B. Saunder Company London.Hayat C.S. and M. Akhtar, 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis, UGC. Govt. of Pakistan.Iqbal, Z., M. N. Khan and A. Jabbar 2003. An Illustrated Textbook of Veterinary Entomology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Kettle, D.S., 1995. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Ed., C.A.B. International, Wallingford Oxon UK.Khan, M. N., Z. D. Sandhu, A. Jabbar and Z. Iqbal 2003. Manual of Veterinary Entomology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Soulsby, E. J. L., 1986. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society Bailliere Tindall, London.Wall, R. and D. Shearer, 1997. Veterinary Entomology. 1st Ed., Chapman & Hall.

PRACTICAL Methods for collection, fixation and preservation of arthropods; methods for preparation of permanent mounts and pinning of insects and arachnids; examination of skin scrapings for mange; Identification of lice, bugs, fleas, flies, ticks and mites; field visit for practical exposure to ectoparasitic infestations; demonstration of application of insecticides.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Georgi, J.R., M.E. Georgi and V.J. Theodorides. 1999. Parasitology for

Veterinarians. 7th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, London, UK. 2. Hayat, C.S. and M. Akhtar. 1999. Parasitic Diagnosis. University Grants

Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3. Iqbal, Z., M.N. Khan and A. Jabbar. 2003. An Illustrated Textbook of Veterinary

Entomology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 4. Kettle, D.S. 1995. Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Ed., C.A.B.

International, Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 5. Khan, M.N., Z.D. Sandhu, A. Jabbar and Z. Iqbal. 2003. Manual of Veterinary

Entomology. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 6. Soulsby, E.J.L. 2006. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated

Animals. The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, UK. 7. Wall, R. and D. Shearer. 1989. Veterinary Entomology. 1st Ed., Chapman & Hall,

London, UK.AN-304 FEED EVALUATION, FORMULATION AND PROCESSING

TECHNOLOGY 3(2-2)

THEORYTechniques for estimating nutritive value of feed stuffs and their validity; in vivo and laboratory techniques; Factors affecting the nutritive value of feeds; Measures of protein quality for monogastric; protein efficiency ratio, gross protein value, biological value, the essential amino acid index; Protein evaluation systems for ruminants; Natural toxicants of feeds and detoxification; Feeding systems for livestock and poultry; Feed raw material handling, storage, Grinding, mixing, processing and storage of finished feed; Quality control in feed processing; Forms of feeds and least cost ration

Shifted to Semester IV

63

formulation for ruminant livestock, equine, pets and poultry; Feed stuff laws and regulations.PRACTICALUse of computer for least cost feed formulation for various classes of livestock and poultry. Availability pattern of feed stuffs in local market and their price structures. Manufacturing of wholesome feed. Demonstration of feeding trials for estimating feed efficiency. Visit of feed mills. Books RecommendedBanerjee, G.C. 1999. Feeds and Principles of Animal Nutrition. Oxford, IBH Publishing Co., Pvt., Ltd. New Delhi, India.Cheeke, P.R. 1992. Applied animal nutrition, feeds and feeding. Delmar Publisher, Canada. Ensminger, M.E., J.E. Oldfield and W.W. Heinemann, 1990/Latest Edition. Feeds and Nutrition Digest. The Ensminger Publishing Co., Clovis, California, USA.McEllihiney, R.R. 1994. Feed Manufacturing Technology IV. American Feed Industry Association, Co., Clovis, California, USA.LM-302 BUFFALO AND CATTLE PRODUCTION 3(2-2)

THEORYScope and importance of buffalo and cattle production in Pakistan. Characteristics of local, exotic and crossbred animals. Production systems. Selection of animals. Modern trends in dairy industry. Buffalo and cow as dairy, meat and draught animals. Principles of profitable dairy production. Establishing dairy enterprise. Raising dairy replacement. Management of pregnant, dry and lactating animals. Dry buffalo/cow therapy. Management during summer and winter. Feeding and management for economical milk production. Rules for milking. Hygienic milk production. Milk quality. Record keeping. Dairy herd improvement associations. Prophylactic measures. Grazing management of cattle and buffalo. Growth and fattening potential of cow and buffalo. Transportation and marketing.

PRACTICALDemonstration of characteristics of an ideal dairy, beef and draught. Judging, selection and use of score cards. Weaning practices. Care, handling and feeding of calves.

LM-305 DAIRY PRODUCTION 3(2-1)

THEORY Scope and importance of buffalo and cattle production in Pakistan; Characteristics of local breeds; Characteristics of exotic and crossbred animals; Buffalo and cow as meat and draught animals; Principles of profitable dairy enterprise; Raising dairy replacement (calves and heifers); Management of dairy animals for better reproductive efficiency; Management of pregnant animals; Management of lactating animals; Selection of dairy animals (Judging/scoring); Growth and fattening potential of cow and buffalo; Feeding for optimum milk production; Factors affecting milk quality and yield; Housing for dairy animals; Hygienic milk production; Importance of record keeping; Methods of record keeping; Dairy herd improvement associations (DHIA); Dairy production systems; Grazing management of cattle and buffalo; Transportation and marketing of livestock and livestock products; Dairy herd health management; Bacterial and viral diseases and their prevention; Metabolic diseases and their prevention; Common disease problems and their prevention.

64

Milking practices. Routine tests for milk quality determination. Dehorning/disbudding, extra teat removal, teat dipping, hoof trimming, etc. Practice of dry stock management. Planning for year round fodder availability, fodder preservation practices. Farm hygiene and sanitation. Preparing feasibility reports of dairy farming. Use of computer for record keeping. Visit to dairy farms and shows.

Books RecommendedBath, D.L., F.N. Dickenson and H.A. Tuker, 1985. Dairy Cattle; Principles, Practices, Problems, Profits. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.Davis, J.G., 1994. Milk Testing. Agro-Botanical. Pub. India.Ensminger, M.E., 1983. Dairy Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers, Danville, Illinois, USA.Fahimuddin. M., 1989. Domestic Water Buffalo. 2nd Ed. Oxford and IBH Pub. Co., Pvt. New Delhi, India.

PRACTICAL

Demonstration of characteristics of an ideal dairy animal; Demonstration, judging and scoring of animals; Care, handling and feeding of calves; Milking practices; Routine test for milk quality determination; Dehorning/disbudding, castration, extra teat removal, teat dipping, hoof trimming practices; Planning for year round fodder availability and fodder preservation practices; Preparing feasibility reports; Record keeping; Use of Computer for record keeping; Visit to livestock farms and shows.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Banerjee, G. C. 1998. A Text Book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.

2. Bath, D.L., F.N. Dickenson and H.A. Tucker. 1985. Dairy Cattle: Principles, Practices, Problems, Profits. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

3. Bilal M.Q. and A. Abrar. 2004. Dairy Hygiene and Disease Prevention. Dept. of Livestock Management, Univ. of Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan.

4. Ensminger, M.E., 1983. Dairy Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers, Danville, Illinois, USA.

5. Gopalakrishnan C. A. and G. M. M. Lal. 1993. Livestock and Poultry Enterprises for Rural Development. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

6. Khan B. B., M. Yaqoob, M. Riaz, M. Younas and A. Iqbal 2004. Livestock Management Manual. Dept. of Livestock Management, Univ. of Agri. Faisalabad, Pakistan

7. Khan, B.B. (ed.) 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak Printers Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

8. Shah. S. I. 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation Islamabad, Pakistan.

65

AE-303 LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 3(3-0)

THEORY

Livestock sector in the economy of Pakistan, its importance and role, constraints in the development of livestock sector, economic principles of production, production relationships, Factor-product relationship, Profitability analysis of livestock products, Farm business analysis, Milk production and marketing records, Income capitalization and depreciation, input-output relationships and relative profitability, Cost relationships in livestock production, cost of milk and beef production; Fixed, variable production factors, production responses and short-run, long run production functions, stages of production, Elasticity of production and Technological change, changes in input prices and production function, How to produce? Production possibility frontier, possible product-product relationships, Supply and demand, Market price determination, market equilibrium, competitive decision making.

Books recommendedEconomic of livestock production and Management by Dr. Bashir Ahmad, Dr. Munir Ahmad and M. Aslam Chaudhry, 1996.Agricultural Economics and Management by K. L. Casavant, C. L. Infanger and D. E. Bridges, 1999. Prentice Hall Publishing Co.

AE-305 LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT 3(3-0)

THEORY

Role of livestock in the economy of Pakistan. Economic principles of production (factor-product relationship, factor-factor relationship, product-product relationship). Cost and profitability estimation procedure. Measures of economic efficiency. Uncertainty and risk in livestock. Past trends and future of livestock with reference to different species of livestock and poultry. Business and entrepreneurship, Key responsibilities of an entrepreneur; Feasibility studies for livestock, poultry and fisheries. Constraints in the commercialization of livestock and poultry sector. Market and marketing. Scope of marketing. Marketing margin, marketing cost and net margin. Vertical and horizontal integration in the livestock and poultry markets. Business firm’s external, internal, micro and macro environment. SWOT analysis. WTO, liberalization and international business.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Appleby, R.C. 1994. Modern Business Administration. 6th Ed., Pitman Publishing, London, UK.

2. Ahmad, B., M. Ahmad and M.A. Chaudhary. 1996. Economics of Livestock Production and Management. Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

3. Bernard, C.S. and J.S. Nix. 2006. Farm Planning and Control. 2nd Ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

4. Govt. of Pakistan. Pakistan’s Economic Survey (Latest edition) Economic Adviser’s Wing, Ministry of Finance, Islamabad, Pakistan.

66

AEE-302 LIVESTOCK EXTENSION EDUCATION 3(2-2)

THEORYExtension education; concept, scope and role in increasing livestock productivity in Pakistan. Its philosophy and objective with special reference to livestock extension education. Communication process and its application in livestock extension work. Barriers to communication and measures to overcome these barriers. Adoption and diffusion of livestock innovations. Role of extension worker in the adoption process. Principles of adult learning. Attitude and its change process. Extension programme development. Extension oriented jobs available to veterinary graduates in livestock sector. Extension education methods and audio visual aids, their effectiveness, choice, planning, use and follow up. Communication skills: Speaking, preparing and delivering a speech, conducting interviews and discussions. Lessoning: reasons for poor listening. Tips for improving listening skills. Writing: art of good writing. Writing for newspapers and magazines. Writing letters, reports and articles frequently required for the job of an extension worker. Reading: reasons for poor reading. Tips for developing effective reading skills. Communication methods: role of radio, television, internet, newspapers, magazines, leaflets, seminars, workshops, cattle fairs and livestock sale markets.

PRACTICALMicro-teaching, Extension-teaching. Preparation and reporting of instructional designs. Interviewing livestock and poultry farmers and an extension work in socio economic environment. Writing articles for livestock and poultry farmers on topic related to poultry, livestock and dairy production.

Books RecommendedCalvert, P. (Ed.) 1990. The communicator’s Hand Book: Techniques and Technology. Gainesville, USA, Maupin House.Canton, P., 1989. Instructions for Adult Learners. Toronto: Wall and Thompson. FAO, 1997. Improving Agri. Extension: A reference Manual. Rome, Italy.Memon, A.R. and E. Bashir (Ed.) 1993. Extension methods. Islamabad: National Book Foundation.Swanson, B.E. (Ed.), 1984. Agricultural Extension: A reference manual. FAO: Rome.

AEE-320 INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK EXTENSION EDUCATION 2(1-1)

THEORYExtension education, concept, scope and role in increasing livestock productivity in Pakistan. Communication process: barriers to communication and measures to overcome these barriers. Communication skills: speaking; preparing and delivering a speech, conducting interviews and discussions. Listening; reasons for poor listening, tips for improving listening skills. Writing; art of good writing, writing for newspapers and magazines, writing letters, reports and articles frequently required for the job of an extension worker. Reading; reasons for poor reading, tips for developing effective reading skills. Role of extension worker; Principles of adult learning; Extension education methods; individual contact methods, group contact methods, mass contact methods.

PRACTICAL

Micro-teaching, preparation of instructional designs and their presentation in the class; Conducting interviews of livestock and poultry farmers; Writing articles for farmers regarding livestock and poultry production.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Calvert, P. 1990. The Communicator’s Handbook: Techniques and Technology. Gainesville, New York, USA.

2. Dubey, V.K. 2010. Agricultural Extension. International Book Distribution Company, New Dehli, India.

3. Kadian, K.S., O.P. Garhwal and D. Kumar. 2012. Mass Communication in Agricultural Extension. Satish Serials, New Dehli, India.

4. Memon, R.A. and E. Bashir. 1993. Extension Methods. National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.

5. Muhammad, S. 2005. Agricultural Extension: Strategies and Skills. Unitech Communications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

67

6. Oakley, P. and C. Garforth. 1985. Guide to Extension Training. FAO, Rome, Italy.7. Swanson, B.E. 1984. Agricultural Extension: A Reference Manual. FAO, Rome,

Italy.8. Swanson, B.E., R.P. Bentz and A.J. Sofranko. 1997. Improving Agricultural

Extension: A Reference Manual. FAO, Rome, Italy.New Course

PATH-304 NECROPSY PRACTICES 1(0-1)

PRACTICAL Instruments used for necropsy; Layout of postmortem block. Prerequisites and rules of postmortem examination; precautionary measures adopted during PM conduction of zoonotic diseases. Death, modes of death, signs of death. Disinfection of instruments and premises. Types of wounds. Death due to snake bite, drowning, lightening, cold shock, heat prostration. Methods of euthanasia. Postmortem examination: external examination and history taking. Postmortem procedure in domestic animals and avian species. Opening of skull and examination of brain and spinal cord. Examination of abdominal and thoracic organs. Postmortem report writing; Postmortem examination and interpretation in small and large ruminants, dogs, cats, equines and poultry birds.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Andrews, J.J. (ed.). 1986. Necropsy Techniques. The Veterinary Clinics of North

America, 2(1): 1-202. 2. Cooper, J.E. and M.E. Cooper. 2007. Introduction to Veterinary and Comparative

Forensic Medicine. Blackwell Publishing c/o Marston Book Services, Oxford, UK.3. Dabas, Y.P.S., O.P. Saxena and R. Dabas. 2008. Veterinary Jurisprudence and Post

Mortem. International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India.4. Munro , R. and H.M.C. Munro. 2008. Animal Abuse and Unlawful Killing:

Forensic Veterinary Pathology. 1st Ed., Saunders Ltd., Philadelphia, PA, USA.5. Scott, E.M. 2006. Basic Avian Techniques: Avian Necropsy and Cytology. Teton

New Media, Jackson, WY, USA. 6. Sharma, S.N. 1981. Veterinary Jurisprudence. 3rd Ed., Oxford and IBH Publishing

Col. (Pvt.) Ltd., New Dehli, India.

68

ANFT-311 POULTRY NUTRITION 2(1-1)

THEORY

Importance of balanced feed for poultry; Nutrient requirements for broilers, layers and breeders; Factors affecting the nutrient requirements of poultry; Importance of quality of water; Digestion mechanism for various nutrients; Amino acid balance and use of synthetic amino acids; Feed additives in poultry ration; Toxins and anti nutritional factors in poultry feed; Nutritional diseases caused by vitamin deficiencies; Vitamin and mineral toxicity; Feeding systems in open and control sheds; Feeding management during heat stress; Feed processing techniques.

PRACTICAL

Description of different categories and forms of commercially available poultry feeds; Chemical analysis of cereals and cereal by-products; Chemical analysis of vegetable protein and animal protein sources, Feed formulation for broilers, layers and broiler breeders; Estimation of feed consumption, weight gain and FCR; Feed management practices at poultry farms; Visit to poultry feed mill.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Austic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim. 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

2. Ensminger, M.E. 1992. Poultry Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.

3. Hunton, P. 1995. Poultry Production: Production System Approach. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

4. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th Ed., National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA.

69

ANFT-312 RUMINANT NUTRITION 2(1-1)

THEORY Nutrients, their classification and requirements, Concept of forage, concentrate and non-conventional feed resources in feeding of ruminants, Feeding standards, their usefulness and limitations for large ruminants, Feeding standards, their usefulness and limitations for small ruminants. Nutrient requirements of cattle, buffaloes and sheep for maintenance, production and reproduction, Nutrient requirements of beef animals for maintenance and fattening, Concept of digestibility and nitrogen balance, Factors affecting digestibility, energy, protein, minerals and vitamins needs of farm animals, Rumen by-pass nutrients and techniques used for enhancing by-pass proteins and lipids, Feeding management of dairy animals at different physiological stages, Feeding practices of small ruminants, Nutritional management of grazing livestock, Feeding of calves from birth to puberty.

PRACTICAL Demonstration of different nutrient digestibility techniques, Formulation of least cost balanced rations for dairy cows; Formulation of least cost balanced rations for dairy buffaloes, sheep, goats, beef animals and young calves; Formulation of mineral mixtures; Chemical treatment of crop residues; Preparation of multi-nutrients feed blocks.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Garnsworthy and J. Wiseman. 2002. Recent Advances in Ruminant Nutrition.

Empress Publishing, Amsterdam. The Netherlands. 2. Pathak, N.N. 2000. Nutrient Requirement of Buffalo. Deradoon International

Books, New Dehli, India. 3. Chamberain, A.T. and J.M. Wilkinson. 2002. Feeding the Dairy Cow. Empress

Publishing, Amsterdam. The Netherlands. 4. Sarwar, M. and S.A. Chaudhry. 2000. The Rumen: Digestive Physiology and

Feeding Management. University of Agriculture Press, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 5. Sarwar, M. and Zia-ul-Hasan. 2000. Nutrient Metabolism in Ruminants. University

of Agriculture Press, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

70

6. NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

7. NRC. 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Goat. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

8. NRC. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Sheep. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.

9. Agriculture Research Council, 1989. The Nutritional Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, ARC, London, UK.

Semester VI Semester VI

MED-301 GENERAL MEDICINE 3(2-2)

THEORYDefinition and history of veterinary medicine. Animal welfare, manifestations of

diseases. Methods of diagnosis. General principles of animal therapy. Nursing care of sick animals. Toxaemia, septicaemia, bacteraemia, fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia, heat stroke, dehydration, electrolytes and acids base imbalance, allergy, anaphylaxis, shock and edema. Haemoglobinurea, lightening stroke, electrocution, snake bite, anhidrosis. Conjunctivitis, chemosis, keratitis, corneal opacity, blindness, mammalitis and udder oedema. Diseases of digestive, cardiovascular, haematopoic, haemolymphatic, respiratory, urinary, nervous, musculo-skeletal systems and skin. Veterinary jurisprudence.

PRACTICALAnimal restraint, clinical examination (history, visual inspection and recording

the cardinal parameters of health like body temperature, pulse and respiration). Physical examination methods like palpation, percussion, auscultation and grunt test. Paracentesis, thoracocentesis evaluation of hydration status, rectal examination. Review of art of prescription writing, different methods of drug administration. Collection and dispatch of samples for laboratory diagnosis. Passing of stomach tube, probing, urinary catheters etc.

MED-301 GENERAL VETRINARY MEDICINE 3(2-1)

THEORYHistory, scope and general terms used in veterinary medicine; General systemic states: Toxemia and septicemia, fever, hyperthermia, hypothermia, anaphylaxis and shock. Diseases of alimentary system: Stomatitis, pharyngitis and choking, simple indigestion, ruminal acidosis, tympany, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, enteritis, equine colic. Diseases of hepatobiliary systems: Hepatitis, jaundice, cholilithiasis. Diseases of cardiovascular system: General terms, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, etc., congestive heart failure and congenital cardiac defects, cardiac murmurs. Diseases of hematopoietic and hemolymphatic system: Disorders of white cells (leucopenia, leukocytosis etc.), anemia and edema, lymphadenopathy (lymphadenitis). Diseases of respiratory system: General clinical signs of respiratory diseases, principles of respiratory disease therapy, rhinitis, laryngitis, tracheitis and bronchitis, pulmonary congestion and edema, pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia, pulmonary emphysema, hydrothorax and hemothorax, pneumothorax, pleurisy, epistaxis. Diseases of urinary system: General terms, nephritis and pyelonephritis, cystitis. Diseases of nervous system: Common manifestations of diseases of nervous system, encephalitis, encephalomalacia, and meningitis etc. Diseases of musculoskeletal system: Myositis, myopathy, arthritis, arthropathy, osteomyelitis, osteomalacia, osteodystrophy. Diseases of skin: General terms, dermatitis, seborrhea and photosensitization etc.

71

Books RecommendedChandler, E.A., D.J. Thompson, J.B. Shutton and C.J. Price, 1991. Canine Medicine and Therapeutics. 3rd Ed. Blackwell Scientific Pub., London.Howard, J.L., 1999. Current Veterinary Therapy (4) Food Animal Practice, W.B. Friends Publishers, USA.Hungerford. T.G., 1990. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock. 9th Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Sydney.Khan, M.A., 1998. Text Book of Clinical Veterinary Medicine. University of AgricultureFaisalabad, Pakistan.Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D. C. Blood and K. W. Hinchcliff 2000. Veterinary Medicine, 9th Ed. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA. Robinson, N.E., 1997. Current Therapy in Equine Medicine-4. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia.Schoen, A.M. and S.G. Wynn, 1998. Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Principles and Practice, Mosby, Philadelphia.Scott, D.W., W.H. Miller Jr. and C. Griffin, 1995. Muller and Kirk’s Small Animal Dermatology, 5th Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.Smith, B.P., 1996. Large Animal Internal Medicine, (Diseases of Horse, Cattle, Sheep, and Goats). 2nd Ed. The C.V. Mosby Co. Philadelphia, USA.

PRACTICALIntroduction to clinics, various techniques to restrain animals for clinical examination, various techniques to cast animals for various clinical procedures, history and clinical examination (visual inspection and recording the cardinal parameters of health like body temperature, pulse and respiration rate), important considerations in the examination of different body systems, anatomical location of different body organs, evaluation of hydration status, rectal examination, review of art of prescription writing, different methods of drug administration, passing of stomach tube and probing, passing of urinary catheter, collection and dispatch of samples for laboratory diagnosis, field tests for mastitis, review of various coprological and hematological tests for diagnosis.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary

Medicine-A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10 th

Ed., Saunders, Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA. 2. Kahn,C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed., Merial Ltd.

G. A., New Jersey, USA. 3. Pinsent, P.J.N. and C.J. Fulle. 1997. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Horse.

Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 4. Howard J.L. 2008. Current Veterinary Therapy, Food Animal Practice. 5th Ed.,

W.B. Saunders, Co., Philadelphia, USA. 5. Hungerford. T.G. 1991. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock. 9th Ed., McGraw Hill

Book Company, Sydney, Australia. 6. Kelly, W.R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed., Bailliere Tindall &

Corsell, London, UK. 7. Aspinall, V. 2004. Clinical Procedures in Veterinary Nursing. 1st Ed., (Reprint),

Elsevier, Beijing, China.8. Tulooh, M.H. and J.H.G. Holmes (eds.). 1992. Buffalo Production. Production

System Approach World Animal Science. Elsevier Scientific Publications, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

9. Rijenberk, A. and F. J. van Sluijs. 2009. Medical History and Physical Examination in Companion Animals. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier Ltd., Beijing, China.

10. Flower, M. E. 2008. Restraint and Handling of Wild and Domestic Animals. 3rd

Ed., Willey Blackwell Publishers, Iowa, USA.

72

SURG-301 GENERAL SURGERY 3(2-2)

THEORYScope of Veterinary Surgery. General surgical considerations, preoperative preparations, body fluid and acid–base imbalances. Wounds, their complications, factors affecting wound healing, Dehiscence of wounds and rationale of wound treatment. Asepsis, surgical biology, tissue regeneration, role of antibiotics in surgery. Shock, its pathophysiology and management. Inflammation and its management. Haematoma, sinus, fistula, ulcers, contusions, abrasions, galls and their management. Abscess, Haemorrhage and hemostasis. Nosocomial infections.Small Animals: Affections of haemolymphatic system (spleen, tonsils and lymphnodes). Affections of skin and its adnexa (neoplasms, mammary hyperplasia and mammary neoplasia). Affections of ears, mouth, teeth, neck & salivary glands, digestive system, thorax, abdomen urinary system, male and female genital systems. Hernias and herniorrhaphy procedures. Ophthalmology: Affections of eye. Orthopaedic surgery: Fractures – its classification, healing of fracture, factors affecting healing. Common fractures in animals, Diagnosis and principles of fracture treatment. Methods of internal and external fixation, dislocations.

PRACTICALStandard surgical pack, its sterilization. Preparation of surgeon and animals for aseptic surgery. Suturing materials, suturing patterns, knots, needles. General anaesthesia in sick animals. Restraint of dog and cats. Laprotomy, splenectomy, gastrotomy, enterotomy, intestinal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Castration in dog and cat. Ovariohysterectomy in bitches and queens. Cystotomy, Nephrotomy, Nephrectomy, Prostatectomy, surgical approaches to thorax. Correction of auricular haematoma, ear trimming, lateral ear canal resection. Tail docking, Dewclaw amputation. Common ophthalmic operations. Resection of mammary glands.

Books RecommendedBojrab, M.J., 1998 Current Techniques in small Animal Surgery. 4th Ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Knecht, C.D., A.R. Allen, D.J. Williams and J.H. Johnson, 1987. Fundamental

SURG-301 GENERAL VETERINARY SURGERY AND ANAESTHESIOLOGY 3(1-2)

THEORYSurgical principles; General surgical considerations, pre-operative preparations, patient assessment and stabilization; Inflammation and its management, body fluids, acid-base imbalances, antisepsis, asepsis, disinfection and sterilization; Wounds: their types, treatment and complications, regeneration, factors affecting wound healing and antimicrobial therapy; Hematoma, contusions, abrasions, galls, burns and their treatment, sinus, fistula, abscess, ulcers and their treatment, Hernia and its types, management of hernia. Introduction of veterinary anesthesia: Pre-anesthetic and anesthetic agents and their use, pre-anesthetic considerations, monitoring of patient during anesthesia, anesthetic complications (cardiac arrest, respiratory failure, shock, acid base imbalance) and their management, types of anesthesia (local, regional and general), stages of general anesthesia; Anesthesia under field conditions, anesthetic regimens for dogs, cats, horses and donkeys, anesthetic regimens for ruminants and camels; anesthetic regimens for birds, wild, exotic and laboratory animals.

PRACTICALDefinition, scope and history of veterinary surgery; Elective and emergency surgery; Surgical instruments (small and large animals), biomaterials (suture materials, dressings, etc.), suturing patterns and knots, standard surgical pack and its sterilization; Antiseptics and disinfectants, scrubbing; Preparation of surgical team and patient for aseptic surgery, operating room conduct, pre-operative patient assessment, post-operative care and physical therapy; Pain management and anti-inflammatory medication; Fluid types and indications, practical demonstration of fluid administration; Management of wounds, abrasions, galls and ulcers; Management of abscess, sinuses and fistula; Management of hematoma, contusions and hemostatic techniques; Management of burns; Management of hernia; Management of shock; Injectable anesthetic agents, inhalant anesthetic agents, anesthetic equipment and circuits, stages of general anesthesia and monitoring of patient, anesthetic emergencies, epidural anesthesia, flank anesthesia, practical demonstration of anesthetic regimens for dogs, cats, horses and donkeys, practical demonstration of anesthetic regimens for

73

Techniques in Veterinary Surgery. 3rd Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.Oehme, F.W., and J.E. Prier, 1988. Textbook of Large Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, London, UK.Olmstet, M.L., 1995. Small Animal Orthopaedics. Mosby, Philadelphia, USA.Piermattei, D.L., 1993. An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to the Bones of the Dog and Cat. 3rd Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.Slatter, D.H., 1991. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USATyagi R.P.S and J. Singh, 1993. Ruminant Surgery. C.B.S. Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.

ruminants and camels, practical demonstration of anesthetic regimens for birds, practical demonstration of anesthetic regimens for wild, exotic and laboratory animals

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th Ed., Oxford and IBH

Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.2. Kumar, A. 1997. Veterinary Surgical Techniques. Vikas Publishing House, New

Delhi, India.3. Oehme, F.W. and J.E. Prier. 1988. Textbook of Large Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed.,

Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.4. Harrari, J. 1996. Small Animal Surgery. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. USA.5. Thrall, D.E. 1994. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.6. Morgan, I.P.M. 1993. Technique of Veterinary Radiology. Iowa State Univ. Press,

Ames, Iowa, USA.7. Nyland, T.O. and I.S. Mattoon. 1995. Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. W.B.

Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.8. Turner, A.S. and C. W. Mcllwraith. 1994. Techniques in Large Animal Surgery. 2nd

Ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.9. Jennings, Jr. P.B. 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.LM-303 SHEEP AND GOAT PRODUCITON 2(1-2)

THEORYScope and role of small ruminants. Sheep and goat as meat, milk and wool hair producer. Production systems. Selection and measures for increased production. Routine management practices. Grazing management systems and supplementary feeding. Management during drought. Grazing capacity and stocking rate. Forage production and feeding management. Fencing on ranges. Shearing and handling wool and hair. Establishing commercial flocks. Economic analysis. Transportation and marketing. Keeping flock healthy. Important range and cultivated grasses/pasture, trees and shrubs. Farm sanitation and hygiene.

Shifted to Semester IV

74

PRACTICALIdentification of sheep and goat breeds. Judging for milk, meat and wool/hair production. Farm practices (castration, trimming, milk suckling, docking, drenching, dipping and spraying). Shearing. Grading and sorting wool. Examination of hair, wool and mohair. Sanitation and preventive measures. Shepherd caleandar.sheep/goat farming. Identification of various forages. Collection/mounting of important range vegetation samples. Determining range carrying capacity, animal units and stock rates. Feeding and grazing practices. Record keeping. Preparing feasibility reports Visit to farms.

Books RecommendedEnsminger, M.E. and R.O. Parker, 1986. Sheep and Goat Science. Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc. Danville, Illinois. USA.Holechek, J.L., R.D. Piper and C.H. Herbel, 1989. Range management, Principles and Practices. Prentice Hall Inc Englewood, Cliffs NJ.Mackintosh, J.B., 1983. Sheep Production in Pakistan, PARC, Islamabad.Qureshi, M., A.A., G.S. Khan and M.S. Yaqoob, 1983. Range Management In Pakistan. Kazi Publication, Ganpat Road, Lahore.Steel, M., 1996. Goats. McMillan Education Ltd. London. PH-302 AVIAN PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 3(2-2)

THEORYAvian classification. Brief description of avian species. Principles and practices for rearing. Avian production and management. Housing requirement (natural and artificial). Keeping fancy birds: pigeons, parrots, turkeys, peafowls, etc. Feeding systems. Quail farming. Duck farming. Turkey farming. Ostrich farming. Buggies management and their economic value. Selection and management of Falcon management.

PRACTICALQuail farming. Duck farming. Fancy poultry. Ostrich farming. Management of aviaries. Body parts of birds. Juudging of avian breeds. Demonstration of different avian incubation methods. Brooding and rearing practices of various avian chicks. External

PS-305 POULTRY HOUSING AND FARM MANAGEMENT 3(2-1)

THEORY Basic principles for site selection and house construction, poultry housing types and systems, open sided Vs environment controlled houses; Poultry equipments; Brooding, rearing and laying management; Early chick mortality and its control; raising of broilers, layers and breeder flocks; Cage and deep litter management, light management, management during hot and cold climates; Farming of pigeons, quails, turkey, pea fowls, ostrich and ducks; Litter management and waste disposal; significance of record keeping.

PRACTICAL Demonstration of housing and layout plans of poultry houses; Demonstration of open sided and environmentally control houses; Demonstration regarding equipments,

75

and internal characters of hatching eggs. Practice of Management of aviaries. Visits of various aviaries and avian hatcheries.

Books RecommendedAustic, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Ensminger, M.E., 1992. Poultry Science, The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.Hunton, P., 1995. Poultry Production: production system approach. Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Jadhav, N.V., 1998. Practical Manual for Avian Production and Management. Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers(P) Ltd., New Delhi, India.

vaccination, medication, beak trimming and fumigation; Selection and culling procedures; Induced molting techniques; Managing flocks during hot and cold climate; Feasibility report for broilers, layers and breeder farm; Use of computer in record keeping and analysis; Visit to modern commercial broiler, layer and breeder farms.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Sainsbury, D. 1999. Poultry Health and Management; chickens, turkey, ducks,

geese and quails. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London, UK. 2. Ensminger, M.E. 1992. Poultry Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc.

Danville, Illinois, USA. 3. Bell, D.D. and W.D. Weaver. 2002. Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg

Production. 5th Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell Massachusetts, USA. 4. Jadhav, N.V. 1998. Practical Manual for Avian Production and Management.

Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers (Pvt.) Ltd., New Delhi, India. 5. Jull, M.A. 2003. Successful Poultry Management. Biotech Books, New Delhi,

India.

PATH-303 FOOD ANIMAL PATHOLOGY AND ABATTOIR WASTE MANAGEMENT 3(2-2)

THEORY

Meat structure, properties and composition. Normal appearance of meat and visceral organs in slaughtered animals. Essentials of meat qualities. Post-slaughter alterations in muscles including biochemical changes. Microbial contamination of meat and its public health significance. Factors influencing properties and quality of meat: storage, disease, etc. Carcass evaluation. Differentiation between pathological and agonal changes in meat, lymph nodes and other organs. Myopathies. Pathology of skin of slaughtered aniamsl. Zoonotic significance of slaughterhouse by-products and wastes. Hazardous residues in meat in relation to human health. Management of condemned carcass and slaughterhouse wastes. Meat processing and preservation in relation to public health.

Deleted

76

PRACTICALPre-slaughter evaluation and post-mortem examination of food animals and poultry. Practice of systemic examination of carcass and recognition of lesions of zoonotic diseases. Laboratory analysis of meat. Diseases surveillance in slaughter house. Books recommendedGracey, J. F., 1999. Meat Hygiene. 10th edition (ELBS) Baillere, Tindall, London.Herenda, D. C. and D. A. Faranco, 1991. Food Animal Pathology and Meat Hygiene. Mosby Year Book, London.Jubb, K. V. F., P. C. Kennedy and N. Palmer, 1985. Pathology of Domestic Animals. 3 rd

edition. Academic Press Inc., London.

MED-302 Pet Animals Welfare and Management 2(1-2)

THEORY:Definition and type of companion animals, Human-animal bond, Animal facilitated therapy and other uses of companion animals, responsible pet care, animal rights issues, Non conventional pets. Housing, feeds and feeding, breeding and welfare of pet animals. Management of common diseases of pet animals and birds. Companion animal related zoonosis. Handling and restraint, Medication procedures and preventive health care, Common managemental and health problems of pet and game birds.

PRACTICALVisits to pet centers, handling of clinical cases and case recording.Books RecommendedBonagura, J.D., 1995. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy-XII. Small Animal Practice, W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.Fowler, M.E., 1994. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.Tully, T.N., M.P.C. Lowton and G.M. Dorrestein, 2000. Avian Medicine. Butterworth- Heinemann, Oxford. UK.Wills, J. and A. Wolf, 1993. Handbook of Feline Medicine.1st Ed. Pergamon Press, New York, USA.

Deleted

77

MED-303 LAB AND ZOO ANIMALS WELFARE AND MANAGEMENT 2(1-2)

THEORYLaboratory Animals: Important species; selection and supply; production and breeding methods; nutrition and feeding of laboratory animals. Laboratory animals in biological sciences. Laboratory animals as human model. Design, equipment, environment control and hygiene of laboratory animal house. Production of specific pathogen free (SPF) animals. An introduction to SCID mice. Methods and measures for transportation of laboratory animals. Bacterial, viral, mycotic and other diseases of laboratory animals and their prevention. Zoonoses of laboratory animals.Zoo Animals: Important species of wild animals maintained in a zoo. Methods for restraint nutrition and feeding of zoo animals. General precautions for housing and management of zoo animals. Bacterial, viral, mycotic and other diseases of zoo animals and their prevention. Zoonoses of zoo animalsPRACTICALCleaning and disinfection of animal houses. Handling/restraint of laboratory and zoo animals. Inoculation methods in various species of laboratory animals. Collection of samples (blood, faeces, etc.) from laboratory and zoo animals. Feed and feeding methods in animals. Isolation and identification of pathogens from laboratory and zoo animal samples. Record keeping of animal house. Visit to laboratory animal facilities. Visit to a zoo.Books RecommendedFowler, Murray E., 1978. Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine. W.B. Saunders publisher company.Hudson, Robert J., K.R. Drew and L.M. Baskin, 1989. Wildlife Production Systems. Cambridge University Press.Melby, E.C. and Altman, N. H., 1974. Hand Book of Laboratory Animal Science. CRC Press, Inc. 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128, USA.Pool, Trevor B., 1989. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals. Longman Scientific and Technical publishers, England.Sigler, William F., 1995. Wildlife- Law Enforcement. Wm. C. Brown publishers.Worden, A. N. (1989) Hand Book of Laboratory Animals (Care and Management). Anmol Publications. New Delhi, India.

MED-302 LAB AND ZOO ANIMALS WELFARE AND MANAGEMENT 1(0-1)

PRACTICALCleaning and disinfection of animal houses; Handling/restraint of laboratory and zoo animals; Inoculation methods in various species of laboratory animals; Collection of samples (blood, faeces, etc.) from laboratory and zoo animals; Feed and feeding methods in animals; Isolation and identification of pathogens from laboratory and zoo animal samples; Record keeping of animal house; Visit to laboratory animal facilities; Visit to a zoo.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Bradley, T., T. Lightfoot and J. Mayer. 2006. Exotic Pet Behavior: Birds, Reptiles

and Small Mammals. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

2. Hudson, R.J., K.R. Drew and L.M. Baskin. 1989. Wildlife Production Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

3. Cheeran, J.V. 2008. Text Book of Zoo and Wild Animals: Care and Management. 2nd Ed., International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India.

4. Pool, T.B. 1989. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals. Longman Scientific and Technical Publishers, London, UK.

5. Worden, A.N. 1989. Hand Book of Laboratory Animals: Care and Management. Anmol Publications, New Delhi, India.

78

SSH-301 PAKISTAN STUDIES 1(1-0)

THEORYThe Reform Movements in the Sub-Content before the War of Independence; the

Aligarh Movement. Partition of Bengal; Establishment of Muslim league, Lucknow pact; Khilafat Movement; Nehru Report; Quaid’s Fourteen Points; Allabad Address; Round Table Conference; 1937 Elections and Congress Ministries. Pakistan Resolution; 1945-46 Elections; Cabinet Mission; 3rd June Plan; Partition of Sub-Content and Creation of Pakistan current situations.

Division of assets, Problems concerning accession of native states, Rehabilitation problem and Water dispute. Objective Resolution, Islamic Provision of 1956, 1962 and 1973 Constitution. Human Rights, Literacy and education, Population, Un-Employment, Child Labour and Poverty.Books Recommended1. Ali Mohammad Chaudhry. The Emergence of Pakistan, 1967. Columbia

University press, New York.2. Ikram, S.M. Modern Muslim India and the Birth of Pakistan, 1977. Institute of

Islamic Culture, Lahore.3. Callard, Keith, Pakistan: A political study. Latest Edition. Allen and Unwin,

London.4. G. Allana. Our Freedom Fighters, 1985. Ferozesons Ltd., Lahore.5. Zia-ud-Din. The Analytical and Critical Essay on Pakistan Affairs. Azeem

Academy Lahore. 1995.6. Haq, M.Riaz. Towards Pakistan. Star Book Depot, Lahore. 2000.7. Mehmood, Safdar. International Affairs. Jang Publishers Lahore. 2001.

Shifted to Semester II

FST-401 DAIRY PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 3(2-2)

THEORYPrinciples of profitable dairy farming. Mammary system, synthesis of milk, milk let down and its inhibition. Factors affecting milk production and composition. Biotechnology and enhanced milk production. Hand and machine milking. Physical and chemical properties of milk. Clean milk production. Collection, transportation, processing and marketing of milk. Cooling, homogenization and standardization.

FST-314 DAIRY PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY 2(1-1)

THEORYMilk composition of different dairy animals. Physical and chemical properties of milk. Milk collection, cooling and transportation. Unit operation during processing (Cream separation, thermization, standardization, homogenization). Milk pasteurization and UHT processing. Manufacturing technology of dairy products (Yoghurt, cheese, dried milk, Ghee, whey).

79

Manufacturing of diary products. Management of milk plant. Planning, layout and designing of dairy plant.

PRACTICALDemonstration of milk let down. Hygienic measures for clean milk production. Mastitis screening tests. Manual and machine milking practice. Physical and chemical analysis of milk. Cleaning sanitizing of barns and equipment. Milk collection, cooling, standardization, homogenization, pasteurization and UHT process practices. Economics of milk production and processing. Visit to milk processing plants.

Books recommendedBath, D.L., F.N. Dickenson and H.A. Tucker, 1985. Dairy cattle; Principles, Practices, Problems, Profits Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.Davis, J.G., 1994. Milk Testing. Agro-Botanical. Pub. India.Larson, B.L., 1985. Lactation. The Iowa State University Press. Iowa.Schmidt. G.H., L.D. Van Vlek and M.F. Hutjens, 1988. Principles of Dairy Science. 2nd

ed. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

PRACTICALMilk reception, adulteration and quality tests: pH, clot on boiling. Alcohol precipitate test, neutralization, detection of vegetable fat, starch, formaldehyde, carbonates and bicarbonates, sugars, boric acid. Quantitative determination of lactose, fat, protein, solids-not-fat (SNF), minerals and acidity. Demonstration of cream separation, standardization, homogenization, pasteurization and UHT processes. Visit to milk processing plants.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Tetra Pak. 2003. Dairy Processing Handbook. Tetra Pak Processing System, AB,

SE-221 86 Lund, Sweden.2. Walstra, P., J.T.M. Wouters and T.J. Guerts. 2006. Dairy Science and Technology.

2nd Ed., CRC Press, Taglo & Francis Group, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.3. APHA. 1993. Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. The

American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA.4. Fox, P.F. and P.L.H. McSweeney. 1998. Dairy Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Blackie Academician & Professional, London, UK. THERIO-301 ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND ARTIFICIAL

INSEMINATION 3(2-1)

THEORYOverview of functional anatomy of female reproductive system: Ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix and vagina; Endocrinology of reproduction: Hormones of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, testis, uterus and placenta; Puberty; Breeding seasons in farm animals; Physiology of estrous cycle (Follicular phase & luteal phase); Folliculogenesis and oogenesis; Ovulation; Fertilization; Sperm transport in female reproductive tract; Embryogenesis; Maternal recognition of pregnancy; Sex differentiation; Placentation; Gestation; Parturition; Puerperium; Comparative physiology of large ruminants, small ruminants, equine, canine and feline reproduction.Overview of functional anatomy of male reproductive system: Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory sex glands, scrotum and penis; Spermatogenesis; Composition of semen; Physical properties of semen; Sperm morphology; Introduction to Artificial Insemination.

80

PRACTICAL

Functional anatomy and histology of female reproductive system (Demonstration); Study of female reproductive organs (Table palpation); Biometry of female reproductive organs (Table palpation); Demonstration of ovarian changes during different phases of estrous cycle in cows/buffaloes; Demonstration of changes in the female reproductive tract during pregnancy; Palpation of pregnant reproductive organs (Table palpation).Functional anatomy and histology of male reproductive system (Demonstration); Sterilization of semen collection equipment; Bull preparation for semen collection; Preparation of artificial vagina; Demonstration of semen collection by different methods; Evaluation of semen; Demonstration of various methods of semen storage; Preparation of artificial insemination gun; Thawing of frozen semen; Semen handling.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Bearden, H.J. and J.W. Fuquay. 2004. Applied Animal Reproduction. 6 th Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.

2. Hafez, E.S.E. and B. Hafez (eds.) 2006. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th Ed., Blackwell Publ., Philadelphia, PA, USA.

3. Senger, P.L. 2005. Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition. 2nd Ed., Current Conceptions Inc., Pullman, WA, USA.

4. Salisbury, G.W., N.L. vanDemark, J.R. Lodge. 1978. Physiology of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Cattle. 2nd Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, CA, USA.

5. Penner, P.R. 1993. Bovine Artificial Insemination Technical Manual. 2nd Ed., Published by Canadian Association of Animal Breeders, Woodstock, Ontario, Canada.

81

New Course

PHARM-304 VETERINARY TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2(1-1)

THEORY Toxicology concepts and general considerations; Factors affecting toxicity; Spectrum of toxic dose and LD50 calculations; General mechanisms of toxicity; Toxicity testing; Diagnosis and treatment of poisonings; Chemotherapy of microbial, fungal and viral diseases. Beta lactam antibiotics; Aminoglycosides; Macrolides; Lincosamides; Tetracylines; Chloramphenicol; Nitrofurans; Quinolones; Sulfonamides and combinations with trimethoprim.

PRACTICAL

Tests for residues of antibiotics and sulphonamides; Antibiotic sensitivity tests; Microbiological assay; Tests for screening of pesticide residues in fodder; Tests for screening of nitrates toxic levels in fodder; Tests for screening of hydrocyanic acid toxic levels in fodder; Drug incompatibilities; Acute toxicity study; Strychnine poisoning in rabbits and dogs; Demonstration of the destruction of acetylcholine by cholinesterase; Study tour to pharmaceutical industry.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Earnest, H. 2010. Textbook of Modern Toxicology. 4th Ed., John Wiley and Sons,

London, UK.2. Klaassen, C.D. 2008. Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of

Poisons. 7th Ed., McGraw Hill Medical, New York, USA.3. Gupta, R. 2007. Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles. Elsevier

Inc., San Diego, California, USA.4. Brent, J., K.L. Wallace, K.K. Burahart, S.D. Phillips, J.W. Donowan and R.B.

Palmer. 2005. Critical Care Toxicology. Elsevier Health Science, London, UK.5. Marsha, D.F. 2001. Clinical Toxicology. Saunders Publishers, Philadelphia, USA.

82

New Course

SURG-302 DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING 2(1-1)

THEORYScope of diagnostic imaging in veterinary practice; Radiographic terminology and basic principles to study a radiograph; Nature and production of x-rays; Radiographic image formation; Radiographic hazards and protection; Radiography of the skeletal system; Plain and contrast radiography of urinary system, gastro-intestinal system, respiratory system; Principles of diagnostic ultrasound, indications and techniques, ultrasound artifacts, Sonography of the general abdomen: liver and spleen, Sonography features of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and reproductive tract, musculoskeletal system, eye and orbit; Imaging of heart and doppler ultrasound; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); CT scan.

PRACTICALX-ray machine and its working; Dark room requirements and maintenance; Exposure and processing of films, contrast radiography techniques; Examination and evaluation of radiograph; Techniques for radiography of appendicular and axial skeleton; Imaging of the general abdomen, liver and spleen, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, urinary tract, reproductive tract, musculoskeletal system, eye and orbit, cardiovascular system; Use of ultrasonography equipment, imaging of clinical cases presented to the clinics of the Department.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Penninck, D. and M.D.’Anju. 2008. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography.

Blackwell Publishing Co., Oxford, UK.2. Mannion, P. (ed.). 2006. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal Practice.

Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK.3. Kealy, J.K. and H. McAllister. 2004. Diagnostic Radiology and Ultrasonography of

Dog and Cat. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.4. Farrow, C. 2003. Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging. Mosby International, W.B.

Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

83

5. Thrall, D.E. (ed.). 2002. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

6. Robert, E.C., B.A. Selcer, J.A. Hudson, S.T. Finn-Bonder, M.B. Mahaffey, P.L. Johnson and K.W. Marich. 1995. Practical Veterinary Ultrasound. Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.

7. Singh, A.P. and J. Singh. 1995. Veterinary Radiology. CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.

New Course

LM-306 BEEF PRODUCTION 2(1-1)

THEORY Scope and importance of meat production in Pakistan, Present situation of meat industry and problems of meat industry in Pakistan, Important meat and dual purposes breeds of buffalo and cattle, Beef production systems, Feeding of beef animals, Breeding of beef animals, Management of beef animals, Growth rate and fattening potential of male cow and buffalo calves, Feed additives, hormones and probiotics, Vitamins etc for enhanced growth, Antibiotics, Factors affecting carcass and meat quality, Post slaughter changes in the carcass, Carcass grades of beef, Spoilage of meat, Meat hygiene, Storage and preservation of meat, Marketing of beef animals and beef, Modern slaughter houses, Slaughtering methods.

PRACTICAL Identification of different beef breeds, Beef production systems, Regions and body points of beef animals, Feeding for beef animal production, Methods of identification of beef animals, Management at birth, raising orphan and multiple birth calves, creep feeding, dehorning, castration and weaning, Preparing beef animals for shows, Body measurements for weight estimation , Practical tips for housing of beef animals, Feasibility calculation, Postmortem inspection, Carcass evaluation, carcass grades and cuts, Carcass grades of beef, Visit to abattoir.

84

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Alvi, A.S. 1991. Meat Production and Technology in Pakistan, Pakistan

Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2. Anwar, A.H. 1996. Meat Hygiene and Inspection. Dept. Veterinary Parasitology,

Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.3. Ensminger, M.E. 1976. Beef Cattle Science. The Interstate Printers and Publisher,

Danville, Illinois, USA. 4. Gracey, J. F. and D.S. Collins. 1992. Meat Hygiene. Bailliere Tindall, London, UK. 5. Hill, D. 1990. Cattle and Buffalo Meat Production in the Tropics. Longman,

London, UK. 6. Preston, T.R. and M.B. Millis. 1982. Intensive Beef Production. A. Wheator and

Co. Ltd, Exeter, UK.Semester VII Semester VII

SURG-402 REGIONAL SURGERY 3(1-4)

THEORYEquines, Ruminants & Camels: The integumentary system (skin, hoof claw, diseases of horns, teats and udder). Surgical affections of head and neck. Affections of musculo-skeletal system, digestive system, surgical affections of abdomen, cardio-respiratory system, urinary system, male and female genital system. Hernias in large animals. Affections of tail. Affections of the foot, fore and hind limbs. Surgical diseases of camels.

PRACTICALStandard surgical instruments pack. Large animal’s anaesthasia techniques –

local, regional and general anaesthasia. Methods of disbudding and dehorning in cattle, buffaloes and goats. Tail docking. Operative techniques for drainage of sinuses and guttural pouches. Tracheotomy, oesophagotomy, operation for roaring. Castration of large animals. Urethrostomy procedures. Midline or flank laparotomy. Caesarian section. Rumenotomy, Abomasopexy in bovine. Herniorrhaphy procedures. Penile transplantation and vasectomy. Caslick’s operation in mare. Regional nerve blocks and various neurectomies, Desmotomy and tenotomy procedures. Firing in animals.

Deleted

85

Books RecommendedAuer, J.A., 1999. Equine Surgery. 2nd Ed. W.B Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA. Colahan, P.T., A.M. Merrite, J.N. Moore and I.G. Mayhew, 1999. Equine Medicine and Surgery. 5th Ed. (Vol. 1 & 2). Mosby, Philadelphia, USA.Jennings, Jr. P.B., 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery, W.B Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.Oehme, F.W. and J.E. Prier, 1988. Textbook of Large Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, London, UK.Turner, A.S., and C.W. Mcllwraith, 1994. Techniques in Large Animal Surgery .2nd Ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Venugopalan, A., 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery 8th Ed. Oxford & IBH Publishers and Distributors. New Delhi, India.

New Course

SURG-404 SMALL ANIMAL SURGERY 3(1-2)

THEORYGeneral surgical considerations; Fluid and electrolyte therapy in small animals; Affections of mouth and teeth, salivary glands, neck, digestive system; Hip and shoulder dislocations, fractures; Affections of respiratory system; skin and its adnexa; Affections of ears; Affections of urinary system, male and female genital system.

PRACTICALStudent will perform following fundamental exercises on survival basis with special emphasis on post-operative care and application of tenets of animal welfare: Laparotomy techniques in small animals, tooth extraction, salivary gland resection, splenectomy, gastrotomy, intestinal end-to-end anastomosis, castration in dog and cat, overiohysterectomy in bitches and queens, cystotomy, nephrotomy and nephrectomy, thoractomy, correction of auricular hematoma and ear cropping, tail docking and dewclaw amputation, repair of eye ball prolapse, approaches to different long bones and use of external and internal fixation devices for fracture repair, anal sac resection. Each exercise will consist of practical demonstration by the Instructor, followed by practical performance by the students.

86

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Bojrab, M.J. 1998. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. 4th Ed., Lea and

Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.2. Slatter, D.H. 1991. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery 2nd Ed. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.3. Fossum, T.W. 1997. Small Animal Surgery. Mosby Year Book Inc. St. Louis,

Missouri, USA.4. Harvey, C.E., C. D. Newton and A. Schavvartz. 1990. Small Animal Surgery. J.B.

Lippincott, Philadelphia, USA.5. Knecht, C.D. A.R. Allen, D.J. Williams and J.H. Johnson. 1987. Fundamental

Techniques in Veterinary Surgery. 3rd Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.6. Piemattei, D.L. 1993. An Atlas of Surgical Approaches to Bones of the Dog and

Cat. 3rd Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.7. Evans, H.E. and A. de Lahunta. 2010. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7 th Ed.,

Elsevier Inc., USA.MED-404 SYSTEMIC MEDICINE-I 4(4-0)

THEORYDiseases of Ruminants: Bacterial Diseases: Mastitis, Contagious bovine pyelonephritis, tick pyemia of lambs, caseous lymphadenitis of sheep, listeriosis, botulism, anthrax, blackleg, enterotoxaemia, bacillary haemoglobinuria, black disease, malignant oedema, pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, Johne’s disease,brucellosis, buffalo leprosy,actinobacillosis, actinomycosis, mycoplasmosis, oral necrobacillosis, tick-borne fever, Q-fever,and bovine farcy.Viral and Rickettsial Diseases: Ephemeral fever,foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, bovine malignant catarrh, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, blue tongue,bovine spongiform encephalopathy, peste des petits ruminants,ovine encephalomyelitis, ovine progressive pneumonia, caprine-arthritis-encephalitis, scrapie, pseudorabies, Borna disease, pox, contagious ecthyma, anaplasmosis.Fungal Disease: Ringworm, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, dermatophilosis, candidiasis, Deg-Nala disease, and mycotoxicosis. Parasitic Disease: Coccidiosis, babesiosis, and theileriosis, Diseases caused by

MED-404 SYSTEMIC VETERINARY MEDICINE-I 3(3-0)

THEORYDiseases of digestive and hepatobiliary system: Vesicular stomatitis, colibacillosis, salmonellosis (paratyphoid), rinderpest (cattle plauge) and peste des petitsruminants, foot and mouth disease, bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, acute undifferentiated diarrhea in newborn farm animals, enterotoxemia, Johne’s disease, malignant catarrhal fever, hemonchosis, blue tongue and oral necrobacillosis, coccidiosis, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, fasciolosis, strongylosis and toxoplasmosis, braxy and black disease, miscellaneous roundworm infestations, paramphistomiasis, tapeworm infestations etc., Newcastle disease and inclusion body hepatitis, thrush, infectious stunting syndrome and spirochateosis in poultry, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, leptospiriosis, infectious canine hepatitis, parvovirus infection and feline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus and fatty liver disease in cats, canine and feline coronavirus infections, pet diseases caused by protozoa, nematodes and cestodes etc. Diseases of mammary glands, metabolic diseases and nutritional disorders: Mastitis and miscellaneous abnormalities of teats and udder, parturient paresis (milk fever), downer’s cow syndrome and hypomagnesaemic tetany, ketosis and pregnancy toxemia, post-parturient

87

nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and arthropods.Non-infectious:Hypocalcemia/Milk fever, transit tetany, lactation tetnay, hypomagnesemic tetany, parturient haemoglobinuria, ketosis, vitamins, and mineral deficiencies/imbalances.

Books RecommendedAnonymous 1999. Manual on Livestock Diseases Surveillance and Information Systems, FAO Rome.Hungeford. T.G. 1990. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock..9th Ed.McGraw-Hill Book Company. Sydney.Kahrs, R. 2001 Viral Diseases of Cattle, Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford, UK.Martin, W. B. and I.D. Aitken (Ed.) 2000.Diseases of Sheep.3 rd Ed. Blackwell Science, Oxford.Radostits, OM, C. C. Gay, D. C. Blood and K. W. Hincheliff 2000. Veterinary Medicine 9th Ed. Bailliere Tindall, London.Smith, B.P. 1996.Large Animal Internal Medicine. 2nd Ed. The C.V. Mosby Co., Philadelphia, USA.Rebhum, W.C. 1998. Diseases of Dairy Cattle, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.Smith, M.C. and D.M. Sherman,1994. Goat Medicine Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

hemoglobinuria, iodine deficiency, selenium and/ or vitamin E deficiency, calcium (hypocalcemia) and/ or phosphorous (hypophosphatemia) deficiency, lactation tetany of mares, miscellaneous mineral deficiencies, diseases associated with deficiencies of fat soluble and water soluble vitamins in horses, deficiencies/ imbalances of vitamins, minerals, proteins and other nutrients, poisonings and intoxications in poultry, deficiencies and imbalances of vitamins, minerals, proteins and other nutrients, etc. in pets, eclampsia. Diseases associated with physical agents: Lightening stroke and electrocution, diseases associated with inorganic poisons (lead arsenic, phosphorous, mercury etc.) in farm animals and pets, nux vomica poisoning in dog, diseases associated with farm chemicals (anthelmintic, organ-phosphorous etc.), mycotoxicosis. Miscellaneous systemic conditions: Snake bite, bee sting and insect bites. Diseases of urogenital system: Brucellosis and contagious bovine pyelonephritis, leptospirosis and dourine, egg drop syndrome, feline urological syndrome.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P.D. Constable. 2007. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA.

2. Smith, B.P. 2009. Larger Animal Internal Medicine. 4th Ed., Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

3. Saif, Y.M. 2003. Diseases of Poultry. 11th Ed., Iowa State Press: A Blackwell Publishing Company, Iowa, USA.

4. Matin, W.B. and I.D. AitIsen. 2000. Diseases of Sheep. 3rd Ed., Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

5. Iqbal, C.H. and S.U.J. Akbar. 2000. The Camel and its Diseases. Al Bayan Printing and Publishing Est., UAE.

6. Howard, J.L. 1999. Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice.W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

7. Rebhum, W.C. 2007. Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.

8. Smith, B.P. 2008. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 4th Ed., Elsevier Mosby Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A.

88

9. Hungerford, T.G. 1990. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock. 9th Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company, Sydney, Australia.

10. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10 th Ed. Merial Ltd. G. A., Philadelphia, USA.

11. Morgan, R.V. 2008. Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 5th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.

12. Schaer, M. 2003. Clinical Medicine of Dog and Cat. 2nd Ed., Manson Publishing Ltd., London, UK.

13. Nelson, R.W. and C.G. Couto. 2008. Small Animal Internal Medicine. 4th Ed., Mosby Publishers, New York, USA.

AR-402 REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2(2-0)

THEORYIntroduction to biotechnology and its recent trends. Artificial insemination technique. Estrus synchronization, reproductive immunization, superovulation, embryo transfer, in vitro maturation and fertilization, embryo sexing and embryo splitting. Genetic engineering, transgenic animals, nuclear transfer and cloning.

Books RecommendedHafez, E.S.E., 2000. Reproduction in Farm Animals, 7th Ed., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England, 2001. Arthurs Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 8th Ed., W.B. Saunders, London.

Shifted to Semester VIII

PARA-404 MEAT INSPECTION 2(1-2)

THEORYObjectives of meat inspection. Slaughterhouse: design and hygiene. Food animal transportation and its effects on carcass quality. Slaughtering techniques and carcasses dressing. Rigor mortis and its significance. Systemic inspection of carcass. Lymph nodes, their location in the body and significance of lesions. Differentiation of meat of

Deleted

89

different species. Characteristics of wholesome meat. Criteria for rendering the meat unwholesome for human consumption. Food poisoning. Poultry processing techniques and meat inspection. Criteria for condemnation of poultry carcass. Slaughter waste management and disposal. Laws governing slaughter of animals and meat quality in PakistanPRACTICALIntroduction to meat types and characteristics of wholesome meat, Antemortum Inspection of food animals. Skinning & Dressing of carcass. Postmortem examination for liked beef, butcher’s jelly or measly beef (cysticercus bovin ) Physical, anatomical and chemical differentiation of meat of different species. Biochemical and Bacteriology examination for meat inspection. Eber’s test. Examination of Trichinella spiralis in meat. Ascoli’s test. Role of Meat in parasitic zoonosis.Different cuts & joints in meat. Antemortem & postmortem inspection of Poultry. Preservation, processing and Marketing of hides. Importance of Hypoderma species in hide industry.

Books RecommendedAlan B. And M. Johnston, 1996. Poultry Meat Hygiene and Inspection. W.B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia and London.Anwar, A. H. and M. N. Khan, 2000. Meat Hygiene and Inspection Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Gracey, J.F., 1999. Meat Hygiene. 10th Edition. The English Language Book Society, Bailiere Tindal, Lindon, UK.Khan, M. N., R. Z. Abbas and M. S. Sajid, 2003. Manual of Meat Hygiene & Inspection. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Wilson W.G., 1998. Wilson’s Practical Meat Inspection. Blackwall Science Production Company.MICRO-404 MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS INSPECTION 2(1-2)

THEORYMilk and milk by-products hygiene: Types of bacteria in milk, bacteriological grading of milk, Infections (animal and human pathogens transmitted through milk) and intoxications associated with milk, Spoilage of milk, Measures to control the milk-borne diseases. Methods of increasing safety of milk supply (pasteurization, sterilization

MICRO-409 MILK HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2(1-1)

THEORYMilk and milk by-products hygiene: Types of bacteria in milk, bacteriological grading of milk; Infections transmitted through milk; Intoxications associated with milk; Adulteration of milk, residues in milk; Artificial milk; Control of milk borne diseases;

90

(UHT) and preservation of milk), Quality control related to chemical, microbiological standards of milk, milk products, water and air. Infection and intoxication associated with cream, yoghurt and cheese. Defects and spoilage of milk products. Water, air and sewage hygiene: Diseases transmitted through milk. Residues of drugs and pesticides in milk and milk products, and their effect on human health. World Trade Organization and requirements for milk trade.PRACTICALCollection, transportation of samples of milk, milk products, water and air for bacterial isolation. Schematic sketch for isolation and characterization of bacteria from the samples. Isolation and identification of bacteria and fungi from milk and milk products. Bacteriological examination of water, air and milk. Qualitative and quantitative methods. (most probable number (MPN), plate count, coliform count, confirmed and completed tests, resazurine methylene blue reduction test). Visit to a milk industry/plants.Books recommendedCorry, J.E.L., D. Roberts and F.A. Skinner, 1992. Isolation and Identification of Food Poisoning Organisms. Academic Press Inc., London.Frazier, W.C. 1995. Food Microbiology. 5th Ed. McGraw Hill Intl Co., New York.Javaid, A. Awan and S.U. Rahman. 2002. Microbiology Manual. 1st Edition. Unitech Comm. Faisalabad. Rheinheimer, G., 1994. Aquatic Microbiology, 4th Ed. John Wiley & sons, New York.Richard, K. Robinson, 2002. Dairy Microbiology Handbook. 3rd Edition. C.H.I.P. Texas.Woolcock. J.B., 1991. Microbiology of Animals and Animal products. World Animal Science. New York.Yadav, E.J.S., 1993. Comprehensive Dairy Microbiology, Saunders Book Co., Philadelphia.

Pasteurization; sterilization, UHT and preserving of milk; Quality control of milk and milk products; Infections and intoxications associated with cream, yogurt, cheese; Spoilage of milk and milk-products; Bacteriological analysis of milk. Quality assurance (HACCP, GMP, Microbiological criteria); Hygienic measures at farm level/environment (air, water, milk man etc).PRACTICALSample collection of milk for bacterial isolation. Quality control tests; Microbiological examination and detection of harmful residues; keeping quality tests. Sub-clinical mastitis detection; Visit to dairy farm. Efficiency of heat treatment; Isolation of pathogens from milk and milk-products. Bacteriological examination of milk; Plate count, Total bacterial count, Most Probable Number, coliform count, Confirmed and completed tests, Methylene blue reduction test, Resazurin test, Phosphatase test; Detection of antibiotic residues, adulterants and mycotoxins in milk.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Frazier, W.C. 1995. Food Microbiology. 5th Ed., McGraw Hill Intl. Co., New York,

USA.2. Srivastara, M.L. 2002. Handbook of Milk Microbiology. Daya Publishing House, New

Delhi, India.3. Sarah, D.B. 2008. Clean Milk. Macnutt Publishers Press, New Dehli, India.4. Susan, B. 2003. Food Hygiene. 3rd Ed., Hodder Education Publishers, London, UK.5. Wilhelm, E., 2012. Textbook of Milk Hygiene. Hard Press Publishers, Chicago, USA.6. Yadav, E.J.S. 1993. Comprehensive Dairy Microbiology. Saunders Book Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.

LM-404 EQUINE AND CAMEL PRODUCTION 2(1-2)

THEORYImportance of camel and equines. Camel as a milk, meat and draught animal. Equines (horses, donkeys, mules) as draught animals. Special characteristics and body conformation of camel and horse. Selection for various types. Management during various phases of life. Principles of equitation. Vices and their control. Peculiarities of

S hifted to Semester VIII

91

camel feet. Common ailments and prophylactic measures. Welfare of camel and equines. Transportation and marketing.

PRACTICALDemonstration of body conformation and defects. Determining age by teeth. Marking camel and horse. Grooming, shearing and cleaning. Use of various management tools and equipment. Feeding and breeding management. Care of foot. Use and care of harness and saddles. Equitation practices. Measuring physiological norms. Visit to stud farms. Certifying a horse.

Books Recommended

Barly, M., 1981. Horse – A practical and scientific Approach. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.Frape, D., 1993. Equine: Nutrition and Feeding. Longman UK.Higgens, A.A. and I.A. Wrights. 1989. Equine Manual. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia.Kacker, R.N. and B.S. and Panwar, 1996. Text book of Equine Husbandry. Vikas Publication. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.Manefield, G.W. and A.H. Tinson, 1997. Camels – A compendium. Postgraduate Foundation, Sydney, NSW 1235.Wilson, R.T., 1998. Camels. McMillan Education London.

PATH-404 CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2(0-4)

PRACTICAL

Collection, preservation and dispatch of laboratory specimens. Erythrocytes in health and disease: physiological and pathological responses. Haemoglobin

Shifted to Semester VIII

92

abnormalities. Haematocrit: significance and abnormalities. Blood smear examination. Anaemia. Polycythemia. ESR and its interpretation. Erythrocytic indices and their significance. Leukocytes in health and disease. Leukaemia. Bone marrow response in various diseases and evaluation of its functioning.

Urinalysis. Faecal examination. Liver function tests. Kidney function tests. Electrolyte measurements. Exfoliative cytology.

Books Recommended

Benjamin, M. M., 1978. Outline of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2nd Ed. Iowa State University Press, USA.Kerr, M.G., 2002. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine. 2nd edition. Blackwell Science, Ames, Iowa, USA.Latimer, K.S., E. A. Mahaffey and K. W. Presse, 2003. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology. 4th Ed. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.Stocham, S. L. and M. A. Scott, 2002. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 1st ed. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

93

AR-403 REPRODUCTION CLINIC-I 2(0-4)

Female: Breeding soundness examination of female. Rectal palpation, estrus detection, artificial insemination and related procedures. Pregnancy diagnosis. Superovulation and embryo transfer.

Male: Breeding soundness examination of male, Rectal palpation of accessory sex glands. Semen collection, handling, evaluation, processing, storage, freezing and thawing.

Books RecommendedAhmad, M. and M.A. Saji, 1997. Manual for Breeding Soundness of Dairy Bulls for Use in A. I. Livestock and Dairy Development Department, 16-Cooper Road, Lahore.Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore.

THERIO-403 REPRODUCTION CLINIC-I 2(0-2)

PRACTICAL

Palpation of buffalo and cattle reproductive organ on palpation table; Biometry of female reproductive organs; Rectal palpation of genital organs in buffalo and cattle; Different methods of estrus detection; Fern pattern production in estrus mucus in bovines; Pregnancy diagnosis via rectal palpation; Breeding soundness examination of female (Systematic procedure for conducting clinical examination of female genitalia); Post-mortem examination of bull’s reproductive tract; Breeding soundness examination of male: Testis, scrotal circumference, manual palpation of epididymis, Methods of semen collection and evaluation; Freezing and storage of semen; Live/dead staining of spermatozoa and determination of sperm abnormalities; Different extenders and their preparation; Dilution rate and extension of semen; Thawing of deep frozen semen: Study tour to Semen Production Unit, Qadirabad.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England.(eds.) 2009. Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, London, UK.

2. Youngquist, R.S. and W.R. Threfall. 2007. Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

3. Jackson, P.G.G. 2004. Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics. 2nd Ed., Elsevier Limited, London, UK.

4. Morrow, D.A.(ed.) 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

5. Zemjenis, R. 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, USA.

94

MED -405 MEDICINE CLINIC-1 2(0-4)

The signs of health and disease. Behaviour of different animal species as it relates to veterinary practice. The art of communication with the owner and understanding the local jargons. Animal restraints, Clinical examination (history, visual inspection and recording the cardinal parameters of health like body temperature, pulse and respiration). Physical examination methods like palpation, percussion, auscultation and grunt test. Paracentesis, thoracocentesis, evaluation of hydration status, rectal examination. Review of art of prescription writing, Different methods of drug administration, Collection and dispatch of samples for laboratory diagnosis. Passing of stomach tube, probing, urinary catheters etc., case records and presentations.

Books RecommendedAndrews, A.H., 1990. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Cattle. Butterworths and Company London.Kelly, W.R., 1975. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 2nd Ed., Bailliere Tindal & Casell, London.Pinsent, P.J.N. and C.J. Fuller, 1997. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Horse. Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D. C. Blood and K. W. Hinchcliff 2000, Veterinary Medicine. 9th Ed., W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.

MED-403 MEDICINE CLINIC-I 2(0-2)

PRACTICALExercises in clinical examination: Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of alimentary system, hemopoitic system, cardiovascular system, hepatobiliary system, respiratory system, nervous system, urinary system, skin and musculoskeletal system; Demonstration of different diagnostic and treatment methods like gastric lavage, enema, allergic tests etc. Practical handling of emergencies like colic, tympany, snake bite, poisoning, shock, heat stroke etc; Recording of minimum 10 cases under the supervision of teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary information resources like journals, books and internet etc.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Willard, M.D. and H. Tvedten. 2012. Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by

Laboratory Methods. 5th Ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.2. Cote, E. 2011. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats. 2nd Ed., Elsevier

Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.3. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary

Medicine-A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10 th

Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA.4. Kahn, C. M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual, 10 th Ed., Merial

Ltd. G. A., New Jersey, USA.5. Wilson, A.D. 2012. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: The Horse. Saunders Elsevier, St.

Louis, Missouri, USA.6. Andrew, A.H. 1990. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Cattle. Butterwort & Co.,

London, UK.7. Rocket, J. and S. Bosted. 2007. Veterinary Clinical Procedures in Large Animals.

1st Ed., Thomson Corporation, Canada.8. Tilley, L.P. and F.W.K. Smith, Jr. 2000. The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine

and Feline. 2nd Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA.9. Rijenberk, A. and F.J. van Sluijs. 2009. Medical History and Physical Examination

in Companion Animals. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier Ltd., Beijing, China.10. Schaer, M. 2003. Clinical Medicine of Dog and Cat. 2nd Ed., Manson Publishing

Ltd., London, UK.

95

SURG-403 SURGERY CLINIC-I 2(0-4)

Restraint techniques. History taking and clinical examination. Routes of drug administration. Surgical instruments, their use and maintenance. Sterilization. Antiseptics and disinfectants. Treatment of wounds and abscesses. Bandages and bandaging techniques. Preparations used for topical dressing of wounds. Nosocomial infections. Hospitalization and care of sick animals. Demonstration of clinical cases and case records.

Books Recommended Harari, J. 1993. Surgical Complications and Wound Healing in the Small Animal Practice. W.B Saunders C0. Philadelphia, USA.Kumar, A. 1997. Veterinary Surgical Techniques. Vikas Publishing House, New Dehli,

India.Venugopalan,A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th Ed. Oxford & IBH Publishers and Distributors, New Dehli, India.

SURG-403 SURGERY CLINIC-I 2(0-2)

PRACTICALPhysical and chemical restraint techniques in horses, ruminants and pets; History taking and clinical examination; Routes of drug administration, catheterization in male and female animals; Different types of bandages and bandaging techniques; Preparations used for topical dressing of wounds, treatment of wounds, abrasions, galls and ulcers; Treatment and management of abscess; Trocarization in small and large animals, hospitalization and care of sick animals.Note: The topics will be covered subject to the availability of cases at the clinics.Students will be required to record a minimum of 10 cases (history taking, clinical findings, laboratory investigation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis treatment and discussion) in each clinic course under the supervision of a teacher. The discussion of the case record will be written by consulting library books, journals and internet. Ambulatory clinic will be arranged by the University/Institute. Audio-video films for each operation will be developed and shown during the course of studies.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th Ed., Oxford and IBH

Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.2. Kumar, A. 1997. Veterinary Surgical Techniques. Vikas Publishing House, New

Delhi, India.3. Harari, J. 1993. Surgical Complications and Wound Healing in the Small Animal

Practices. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.4. Kelly, W.R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed., BailliereTindall &

Corsell, London, UK.IS-401/SSH-402 ISLAMIC STUDIES OR ETHICS (For Non-Muslims/Foreign Students) 1(1-0)

Definition, scope and nature of ethics. Development of ethical theory. Relation of ethics to religion. Ethical teachings of world religions with special reference to Hinduism, Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism and Islam. Promotion of moral values in society through family and various educational and cultural institutions. Islamic attitude towards

Shifted to Semester I

96

minorities. The origin and in fluence of Islam and Islamic culture in general. Influence of Islamic rule in the Indo-PakSub-Continent.BOOKS RECOMMENDED1. Lillie, William. A. Introduction to Ethics. Latest Edition. Mathuen & Co. Ltd.,

London.2. Macken/ie, J.S. A Manual of Ethics. Latest Edition. University Tutorial Press,

Ltd., London.3. Jevons, F.R. An introduction to the study of comparative religion 1920.

MacMillian Co., London.

4. Dr. Abdur Rauf. Islamic Culture in Pakistan. 1988. Ferozesons (Pvt). Ltd. Lahore.

5. Sher Muhammad Garewal. Pakistan Way of Life and Culture. 1985. Publishers United Ltd. Lahore.

6. Sidgwick Henry, The Methods of Ethics, 1963, MacMillan & Co. Ltd., London.7. Gaer, Joseph, What the Great Religions Believe, 1984, The New American

Library, New York.ABG-406 ANIMAL BREEDING PLANS AND POLICIES 3(2-1)

THEORY Role of animal breeding. Selection methods and kinds. Various system of breeding; Inbreeding, line breeding, out-breeding, out-crossing, cross breeding, grading up. Development of inbred lines, selection for best combining abilities, reciprocal recurrent selection. Traits of economic importance in cattle, buffalo, sheep/goat and poultry. Animal genetic resources. National breeding policy. Constraints and future breeding plans. Emerging breeding technologies. Role of breed registry societies/associations in developed countries and its application in Pakistan.

PRACTICAL Computation of various productive traits in farm animals and poultry. Exercises on the feasibility of pure breeding and cross breeding in farm animals and poultry. Measurement of coefficient of relationship and inbreeding. Measurement of heterosis. Estimation of genetic changes in performance traits due to various mating systems.

97

Evaluation of livestock and poultry on the basis of their own performance, pedigree and progeny. Selection exercises and assessment of genetic gain. Calculation of breeding values from single and repeated records. Use of computer for data handling and analyses. Visit of livestock and poultry breeding farms.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Bourdon, R.M. 2000. Understanding Animal Breeding. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper

Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 2. Legates, J.E. and E.J. Warwick. 1990. Breeding and Improvement of Farm

Animals. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, USA.3. MINFAL. 1991. National Agricultural Policy. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and

Cooperatives, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan. 4. Oldenbroek, J.K. 1999. Gene Banks and the Conservation of Farm Animal Genetic

Resources. DLO Institute for Animal Science and Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

5. Willis, M.B. 1998. Dalton’s Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding. Blackwell Science Ltd., London, UK.

Shifted from Semester VIII

THERIO-402 VETERINARY OBSTETRICS AND GENITAL DISEASES 4(2-2)

THEORY Introduction to veterinary obstetrics; Mismating and its management; Induction of parturition; Early embryonic mortality; Fetal mummification and maceration; Dropsy of fetal membranes; Teratological defects in cattle; Bovine abortion (non-infectious and infectious causes); Brucellosis; Leptospirosis; Campylobacteriosis; Trichomoniasis; IBR, IPV and other miscellaneous infections; Overview of normal act of parturition in different species; Causes and types of dystocia: Uterine inertia, feto-maternal disproportion, incomplete cervical dilation; Uterine torsion; Retention of fetal membranes; Genital prolapse; Diseases of puerperal period: Uterine infections and treatment, ketosis, milk fever; ovarian hypoplasia; anestrus and sub-estrus; Cystic ovarian degeneration; Repeat breeding; Effect of climate and nutrition on fertility;

98

Prevention and treatment of infertility in female; Different types/forms of infertility in male; Small ruminants reproductive disorders; Equine reproductive disorders; Canine reproductive disorders.

PRACTICAL Obstetrical anatomy; Pelvimetry; Normal and abnormal fetal presentation, position and posture; Identification of obstetrical instruments; Method of use of obstetrical instruments; Approach to an obstetrical case; Preparation of animal for handling dystokia; Procedures for assessment of fetal viability; Obstetrical procedures in maternal and fetal dystokia: Repulsion, version, mutation, forced extraction; Demonstration and performance of repulsion, version, mutation and forced extraction; Selection of obstetrical procedures; Demonstration and performance of various fetotomy operations; Demonstration and performance of epidural anesthesia; Different types of anesthesia used for caesarian section; Demonstration and performance of caesarian section; Handling of clinical cases: Various types of genital prolapse, uterine torsion, different types of dystocia and RFM.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England.(eds.) 2009. Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, London, UK.

2. Youngquist, R.S. and W.R. Threlfall. 2007. Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

3. Jackson, P.G.G. 2004. Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics. 2nd Ed., Elsevier Limited, London, UK.

4. Roberts, S.J. 1986. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Edwards Brothers Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

5. Morrow, D.A.(ed.) 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

99

New Course

PATH-407 MEAT HYGIENE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2(1-1)

THEORY Introduction to meat industry; Significance of meat hygiene in public health; Objectives of meat inspection; Characteristics of good quality meat; Food animal transportation and its effects on carcass quality; determinants of meat quality; Ante mortem examination of food animals. Slaughtering techniques and dressing; Postmortem inspection of food animals; Systemic inspection of carcass; Non-specific and specific lesions in different organs of the body and meat judgment; Chemical and antibiotic residues in meat; Meat hygiene practice; Food poisoning and meat microbiology; Poultry meat inspection in specific diseases; Poultry meat dressing and preservation; Laws governing slaughter of animals and meat quality; Zoonotic diseases; Abattoir waste management; Precautionary measures at abattoir; Emergency management at abattoir.

PRACTICAL

General layout of slaughter house; Ante mortem inspection; Postmortem inspection; Carcass judgment; Chemical tests for putrefaction; Slaughter house sanitation; Differentiation of meat of different animals; Chemical residues detection in meat; Microbial tests of meat and antibiotics residues detection in meat; Guidelines for postmortem inspection requirements of heads and viscera for cattle, sheep and goats; Recognition of various pathological conditions of meat and edible organs; Disposal of condemned meat; Visit to abattoir.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Akab, B. and M. Johnston. 1996. Poultry Meat Hygiene and Inspection. W.B.

Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA. 2. Andrew, G. 2009. Bovine Meat Inspection: Anatomy, Physiology and Disease

Conditions. Paul & Co Pub Consortium. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.

100

3. Gracey, J.F. 1999. Meat Hygiene. 10th Ed., The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London, UK.

4. Grist, A. 2005. Bovine Meat Inspection: Anatomy, Physiology and Disease Conditions. Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USA.

5. Herenda, D.C. and D.A. Faranco. 1991. Food Animal Pathology and Meat Hygiene. Mosby Year Book, London, UK.

6. Wilson, A. 2008. Wilson’s Practical Meat Inspection. 7th Ed., Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Semester VIII Semester VIII

MED-406 SYSTEMIC MEDICINE-II 3(3-0)

THEORY:Diseases of Equines: Strangles, glanders, ulcerativeand epizootic lymphangitis, sporotrichosis, contagious acne, tetanus, neonatal streptococcal infection, shigellosis in foals, rotavirus diarrhea in foals, equine infectious anemia, equine viral arteritis, African horse sickness, equine influenza, vesicular stomatitis, viral encephalomyelitis, equine ehrlichiosis, ringworm, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, purpura haemorrhagica, diseases caused by nematodes, cestodes,trematodes and arthropods, disorders due to vitamins, mineral deficiencies/imbalances, lactational tetany of mares.Diseases of Dogs and Cats: Leptospirosis, rabies, canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis, Lyme’s disease, canine ehrlichiosis, Lahore canine fever, parvovirus infection, feline panleukopenia, feline calicivirus infection, ringworms, ecto- and endoparasitism.Diseases of Camels: Basics of camel medicine, trypanosomiasis, filariasis, mali, kapauli, contagious necrosis of skin, kumree, vail, specific peritonitis, meningitis, pox, influenza, haemorrhagic disease, ecto- and endoparasitism.

Books RecommendedBonagura, J.D. 1995. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy-XII. Small Animal Practice, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.Cohahan, P.T. A.M. Merrite, J.N. Moreand I.G. Mayhew. 1999. Equine Medicine and

MED-406 SYSTEMIC VETERINARY MEDICINE-II 3(3-0)

THEORY

Bacillary hemoglobinuria; equine infectious anemia and equine viral arteritis; avian hydro-pericardium syndrome; avian infectious anemia and streptococcosis in poultry. Diseases of hemolymphatic and immune system; babesiosis and theileriosis, trypanosomiasis; lymphadenitis in sheep and epizootic lymphadenitis in cattle; anaplasmosis and bovine farcy; equine and canine ehrlichiosis; purpura hemorrhagica; ulcerative and epizootic lymphangitis; lymphoid leukosis and infectious bursal disease; hemorrhagic disease and mallee in camels; diseases of respiratory system; pasteurellosis; mammalian and avian tuberculosis; mycoplasmosis; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; ovine progressive pneumonia; equine viral adenopneumonitis and African horse sickness; equine influenza; avian influenza; brooder’s pneumonia; aspergillosis and lungworm infestation; infectious coryza and fowl cholera; infectious bronchitis and infectious laryngotracheitis; canine and feline upper respiratory tract syndrome; diseases of nervous system; rabies; Scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, listeriosis; equine viral encephalomyelitis and borreliosis (lyme diseases); avian encephalomyelitis and Marek’s disease; botulism and borna disease, canine distemper, vail in camel; diseases of musculoskeletal system; staphylococcus

101

Surgery. 5th Edition, Mosby, Philadelphia, USA.Gahlot, K., 2000. Selected Topics on Camelids.The Camelid Publishers, Bikaner, India.Hungeford. T.G. 1990. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock.. 9th Ed.McGraw-Hill Book Company. Sydney.Qamar,I.J. and M.Z., Durrani, 1963. Veterinary Laws In West Pakistan. West Pakistan, Agriculture University, Lyallpur, Pakistan. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, D.C. Blood and K. W.. Hinchcliff 2000. Veterinary Medicine, 9th ed. W B. Sauders Co. Phildelphia, USA.Wills, J. and A.Wolf. 1993. Handbook of Feline Medicine.1st Edition. Pergamon Press, New York, USA.

infection and black leg; actinomycosis and actinobacillosis; ephemeral fever; and caprine arthritis/encephalitis; malignant edema and tetanus staphlococcosis; viral arthritis; femur head necrosis in poultry.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P.D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary Medicine-A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10 th

Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA.2. Smith, B.P. 2009. Larger Animal Internal Medicine. 4th Ed., Mosby Elsevier, St.

Louis, Missouri, USA.3. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed., Merial Ltd.,

G. A., New Jersey, USA.4. Saif, Y.M. 2003. Diseases of Poultry. 11th Ed., Iowa State Press, A Blackwell

Publishing Company, Philadelphia, USA.5. Matin, W.B. and I.D. Ait-Isen. 2000. Diseases of Sheep. 3rd Ed., Blackwell Science,

Oxford, UK.6. Iqbal, C.Z. and S.U.J. Akbar. 2000. The Camel and its Diseases. Al Bayan Printing

and Publishing Est., UAE.7. Howard, J.L. 1999. Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice. W.B.

Saunders, Co., Philadelphia, U.S.A.8. Rebhum, W.C. 1998. Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore,

USA.9. Smith, B.P. 2008. Large Animal Internal Medicine. 4th Ed., Elsevier Mosby Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.10. Hungerford. T.G. 1990. Hungerford’s Diseases of Livestock. 9th Ed., McGraw Hill

Book Company, Sydney, Australia.11. Morgan, R.V. 1997. Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 3rd Ed., W. B. Saunders

Company, Philadelphia, USA.12. Tilley, L.P. and F.W.K. Jr. Smith. 2011. The 5 Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine

and Feline. 5th Ed., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.

102

SURG-404 RADIOLOGY, SHOEING AND SOUNDNESS 2(1-2)

THEORYRadiology: Scope of radiology in veterinary practice. Radiographic terminology. X-ray machine and its working. Nature and production of x-rays. Exposure factors. Scattered radiation and its prevention. Image formation. X-ray film and its types. Processing of films. Basic principles to study a radiograph. Qualities of a good radiograph. Techniques for radiography of the appendicular and axial skeletons. Contrast radiography and contrast media. Plain and contrast radiography of the digestive and urinary systems. Introduction to veterinary ultrasonography. Shoeing: Definition, history and basic terms in shoeing. Brief review of anatomy and physiology of foot. The horse shoe and shoe nails. Hot and cold shoeing. Faults in dressing of foot. Injuries caused by the shoeing. Affections of foot and corrective shoeing. Shoeing evaluation.Soundness: Definition of soundness. Causes of unsoundness. Blemishes and vices in animals. Procedure for soundness examination, colours and markings in equines. Dentition of farm animals. Dental abnormalities, Standard pattern of a soundness certificate.

PRACTICAL

Demonstration of parts and types of X-ray machine. Care of X-ray films, cassettes and accessories. Demonstration of radiation protection methods. Practical training of radiography and interpretation of radiographs on experimental and clinical cases received in the hospital. Demonstration of technical errors in exposing films, handling and processing.

Anatomy of Foot. Shoeing tools. Types of shoes and nails. Management and restraint of horse for shoeing. Removal of old shoes. Preparation of the foot. Fitting of shoes.

Practice in determination of age from teeth. Examination of animals for soundness. Evaluation for lameness. Soundness certificate writing.

SURG-407 SHOEING AND SOUNDNESS 2(1-1)

THEORYDefinitions, history and basic terms in shoeing; Anatomy and physiology of foot; The horse shoe and shoe nails; Hot and cold shoeing; Injuries caused by farrier, shoes and nails; Faults in dressing of foot; Affections of the foot, fore and hind limbs and corrective shoeing; Blemishes and vices in animals; Dentition of farm animals, soundness.

PRACTICALAnatomy of foot; Shoeing tools; Types of shoes and nails; Hot shoe preparation; Application of shoes (removal of shoe, preparation of foot); Practices in determination of age from teeth; Soundness certificate writing.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Hill, C. and R. Klimesh. 2000. Maximum Hoof Power: A Horse Owner's Guide to

Shoeing and Soundness. 1st Ed., MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, USA.2. Greenough, P.R., F.L. MacCallum and A.D. Weaver. 1997. Lameness in Cattle. 3rd

Ed., Wright and Sons, Bristol, UK.3. Pollitt, C.C. 1995. Color Atlas of the Horse's Foot. Mosby-Wolfe, Philadelphia,

USA.4. Stashak, T. S. 1992. Adam's Lameness in Horses. 4 th Ed., Lea and Febiger,

Philadelphia, USA.

103

Books Recommended Emery. L., J. Miller and N.V. Hoosen, 1977. Horseshoeing. Theory and Hoof Care. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.Grenough P.R., F.J. MacCallum and A.D. Weaver, 1997. Lameness in Cattle. 3rd

Ed.J.Wright & Sons, Bristol, UK.Mannion, P. and J. Lang, 2001. Diagnostic Ultrasound in Small Animal Practice. Blackwell Science Oxford, UK. Morgan, J.P.M., 1993. Techniques of Veterinary Radiology, Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames Iowa. Nyland, T.G. and J.S. Mattoon, 1995. Veterinary Diagnostic Ultrasound. W.B. Saunders CO., Philadelphia.Pollitt, C.C., 1995. Colour Atlas of the Horse’s Foot. Mosby-Wolfe, Philadelphia, USA.Thrall, D.E., 1994. Textbook of Veterinary Diagnostic Radiology. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

104

AR-404 OBSTETRICS AND GENITAL DISEASES 4(2-4)

THEORYFemale: Early embryonic death, abortion, mummification and maceration of foetus. Teratology, dropsy of fetal membranes, genital prolapse, torsion of uterus, induction of parturition, dystokia, retention of placenta, complications of puerperal and postpartum period, uterine infections. Infectious and non-infectious infertility problems and their prevention strategies. Parameters of fertility status. Use of computer package in reproductive health management. Methods to improve herd health status. Principles and uses of diagnostic ultrasound imaging in domestic animals.Male: Genetic and acquired abnormalities of the testis, epididymis, vas deferens and accessory sex glands. Injuries and abnormalities of penis. Infertility (infectious and non infectious) and its control.

PRACTICALObstetrical anatomy. Obstetrical procedures in foetal and maternal dystokia. Epidural

and paralumber anesthesia. Caesarian section. Collection of samples from female and male reproductive tract for laboratory investigations. Treatment and prevention of infertility in male and female animals. Identification and uses of various obstetrical instruments. Ultrasound imaging of uterus and ovaries in normal, pregnant and infertile animals. Ultrasound imaging of testis and epididymis in normal and infertile males.

Books RecommendedKahn, W., D. Volkmann and R.M. Kenney, 1994. Veterinary Reproductive Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, London.Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders Company, PhiladelphiaNoakes, D.E., 1997. Fertility and Obstetrics in Cattle. 2nd Ed., Blackwell, London.Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England, 2001. Arthurs Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 8th Ed., W.B. Saunders, London.Roberts, S.J., 1986. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. 2nd Ed., Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann. Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

Shifted to Semester VII

105

MED-407 MEDICINE CLINIC-II 3(0-6)

Exercises in clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of alimentary, Haemopoietic, cardiovascular and Hepatobiliary systems. Orientation to veterinary nosocomial infections. Professional ethics. Use of computers in veterinary practice. Recording a minimum of 10 clinical cases under the supervision of teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary information resources like journals, books and internet.

Books RecommendedAndrews, A.H., 1990. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Cattle. Butterworths and Company, London.Boddie. G.P., 1972. Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medicine. 8th Ed. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, UKPinsent, P.J.N. and C.J. Fuller, 1997. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Horse. Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.Radostits, O.M., CC. Gay, D.C. Blood and K. W. Hinchcliff, 2000. Veterinary Medicine 9th Ed. W. B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.

MED-405 MEDICINE CLINIC-II 2(0-2)

PRACTICALPractical exercises in clinical examination; Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of mammary glands, eye and ear; Study tour to livestock and poultry farms and research institutes; Disease outbreak investigation, discussion on important diseases. Recording of minimum 15 cases under the supervision of teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary information resources like journals, books and internet. Note: The topics will be covered subject to the availability of cases at the clinics.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Willard, M.D. and H. Tvedten. 2012. Small Animal Clinical Diagnosis by

Laboratory Methods. 5th Ed., Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

2. Ford, R.B. and E. Muzafferro. 2012. Kirk and Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary

Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis,

Missouri, USA.

3. Cote, E. 2011. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats. 2nd Ed., Elsevier

Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

4. Wilson, A.D. 2012. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: The Horse. Saunders Elsevier, St.

Louis, Missouri, USA.

5. Kerr, M.G. 2002. Veterinary Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biochemistry and

Hematology. 2nd Ed., Blackwell Science Ltd., Iowa, USA.

6. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary

Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses.

10th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA.

106

7. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed., Merial Ltd.

G.A., New Jersey, USA.

8. Andrew, A.H. 1990. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Cattle. Butterworth & Co.,

London, UK.

9. Petersen-Jones S. M. and S. M. Crispin, 2001. Manual of Small Animal

Ophthalmology. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.

10. Rebhum, W.C., 1998. Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore,

USA.

SURG-405 SURGERY CLINIC II 3(0-6)

Management and treatment of wounds. Antibiotics and new drugs used in surgery. Surgical management of horn, hoof and tail affections. Teat surgery (instruments, techniques and complications). Castration of ruminants. Use of trocar and canula. Catheterization. Use of firing and counter irritants in veterinary practice. Dental care of animals. Euthanasia in animals. Case records, case demonstrations and group discussions.

Books RecommendedBistner, S.I. and R.B. Ford, 1995. Kirk & Bistners. Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 6th Ed. W.B Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA. Oehme, F.W. and J.E. Prier, 1988. Text book of large Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, London.

SURG-405 SURGERY CLINIC-II 2(0-2)

PRACTICAL

Management and treatment of burn wounds; Antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs used in surgery; Lameness in large animals; Nerve block, regional and local anesthesia in clinical cases; Use of firing and counter irritants in veterinary practice; Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in field conditions; Surgical management of horn, hoof and tail affections; Teat surgery (instruments, techniques and complications); Castration of large animals; Visits to animal farms and hospitals.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Pavletic, M. M. 2010. Atlas of Small Animal Wound Management and Reconstructive Surgery. 3rd Ed., Willey Blackwell, Iowa, USA.

2. Crow, S.E. and A. A. Walshaw. 1997. Manual of Clinical Procedures in the Dog

107

and Cat. 2nd Ed., J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia, USA.3. Kelly, W. R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed., Bailliere Tindall &

Corsell, London, UK.

4. Ford, R.B. and E. Muzafferro. 2012. Kirk and Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

5. Oehme, F.W. and I.E. Prier. 1998. Textbook of Large Animals Surgery. 2nd Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.

108

AR-405 REPRODUCTION CLINIC-II 3(0-6)

Training of the students in diagnosis and treatment of various reproductive problems at clinics. Use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose pregnancy in domestic animals. Clinical case recording and presentation. Laboratory diagnostic techniques in Animal Reproduction.

Books RecommendedKahn, W., D. Volkmann and R.M. Kenney, 1994. Veterinary Reproductive Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, London.Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore.

THERIO-405 REPRODUCTION CLINIC-II 2(0-2)

PRACTICAL Demonstration of AI technique; Preparation of artificial insemination gun; Practice of passing AI rod and AI gun in the female reproductive tract; Handling of liquid and frozen semen; Handling of liquid nitrogen cylinder; Comparison of bovine and equine reproductive organs; Procedure of rectal palpation of mare genitalia; Demonstration of passing rod in the mare reproductive tract; Clinical application of hormones in different reproductive problems; Uterine sample collection for culture and antibiotic sensitivity test; Collection and interpretation of endometrial biopsy; Oviductal patency test; Principles of antibiotic therapy for reproductive tract infections; Diagnostic ultrasonography in domestic animals reproduction; Training of students in diagnosis and treatment of various reproductive problems at clinics; Clinical case recording and presentation for grading the students; Visit to livestock farms and field visits.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England (eds.). 2009. Veterinary

Reproduction and Obstetrics. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, London, UK.2. Youngquist, R.S. and W.R. Threlfall. 2007. Current Therapy in Large Animal

Theriogenology. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA.3. Jackson, P.G.G. 2004. Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics. 2nd Ed., Elsevier

Limited, London, UK.4. Morrow, D.A (ed.). 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. W.B. Saunders

Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.5. Kahn, W., D. Wolkmann and R.M. Kenney. 1994. Veterinary Reproductive

Ultrasonography. Mosby-Wolfe, London, UK.6. Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal

Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, USA.LM-405 LIVESTOCK FARMS OPERATIONS 5(1-8)

THEORYRoutine practices at dairy and sheep/goat farms. Management of animals of different ages. Heat detection and breeding practices. Management of range livestock.

Deleted

109

Management during inclement weather. Fodder production and conservation, Enrichment and feeding of straw and other non-conventional feed resources. Housing types and sanitation procedures. Manure handling and disposal. Maintaining farm records and analysis. Marketing of animals and their products. Financial and labour management.PRACTICALRoutine farm practices. Daily roughage and concentrate feeding management practices for lactating and dry stock. Housing management: cleaning and sanitation, manure disposal, Milk production: milk let down, hygienic measures for clean milk production, mastitis screening tests, milk suckling. Drenching, dipping, foot bath and spraying. Weaning practices. Care, handling and feeding of calves. Dry cow/buffalo management. Planning for year round fodder availability. Enrichment and preservation practices. Protecting animals from inclement weather, Land and labour management. Farm sanitation. Disease preventive measures. Handling and restraining of animals.Books RecommendedBanerjee, G.C., 1998. A text book of Animal Husbandry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.Bath, D.L., F.N. Dickenson, H.A. Tucker, 1985. Dairy Cattle: principles, practices, problems, profits. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.Shah, S.I., 1994. Animal Husbandry. National Book Foundation, Islamabad, Pakistan.

THERIO-404 INTRODUCTION TO REPRODUCTIVE BIOTECHNOLOGIES 2(2-0)

THEORY Introduction to biotechnology; Artificial insemination (Al): Historical perspective, advantages and disadvantages, Al services/status in Pakistan, techniques of Al in domestic animals; Semen preservation of different species; Factors affecting conception rate; Estrus synchronization in buffalo, cow and other animals; Embryo transfer (ET) technology: Applications and limitations, selection of donor and recipient, superovulation, embryo collection and embryo transfer techniques, embryo preservation techniques, embryo transfer in other species;In vitro embryo production (IVEP): Applications, oocytes collection and maturation (IVM), in vitro fertilization (IVF), in vitro culture (IVC), sexing of embryos;

110

Preservation of endangered species using IVEP; Sexing of semen; Advantages of sex control; Problems and prospects in sexing; Animal cloning and its applications; Transgenic animals; Role of biotechnology in herd management; Recent advances in reproductive biotechnology; Assisted reproductive technologies (ART). SUGGESTED READINGS 1. Gordon, I.R. 2004. Reproductive Technologies in Farm Animals. CABI Publishing,

Cambridge, MA, USA.2. Houdebine, L.M. 2003. Animal Transgenesis and Cloning. John Wiley & Sons Inc.,

New York, NY, USA.3. Hafez, E.S.E. and B. Hafez. (eds.) 2006. Reproduction in Farm Animals. 7th Ed.,

Blackwell Publ., Philadelphia, PA, USA.

4. Gordon, I. 1996. Controlled Reproduction in Cattle and Buffaloes. CAB International, Willingford, UK.

New Course

PATH-408 FORENSIC MEDICINE AND JURISPRUDENCE 1(1-0)

THEORY Definitions: Law, constitution, statutes, rules and regulations, ordinances, acts. Court, lawyer, legal procedures in court, veterinary evidences, witness; Veterinarian as an expert, Legal duties of veterinarian, Livestock laws and acts; Livestock slaughtering acts and control of slaughtering, Livestock improvement, export and import, conservation livestock diseases, livestock protection, Prevention of cruelty to animals; Livestock grazing and pasture, nutrition; Livestock development, Cooperatives, Animal insurance: Local and special laws, Department service rules; Quarantine and quarantine act; Common offences against animals. Postmortem examination of animals from forensic perspective, Determination of age of the animals, Detection of frauds in livestock, Mechanical injuries and wounds: Vetro-legal aspects of wounds and injuries, difference between ante-mortem and postmortem wounds, fractures etc; Death due to wounds, immediate, remote or indirect cause; Firearm wounds; Injuries due to heat, burns; Postmortem findings in lightening, electrocution and drowning, snake bite, tympany and anthrax; Common poisoning in animals and postmortem findings; Plant

111

toxins; Ethics in biomedical research. SUGGESTED READINGS1. Andrews J.J. (ed.). 1986. Necropsy Techniques. The Veterinary Clinics of North

America, 2(1): 1-202.2. Chakrabarti, A., S. K. Ray and N. Sahoo. 2004. Textbook of Veterinary Ethics and

Jurisprudence. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, India. 3. Cooper, J.E. and M.E. Cooper. 2007. Introduction to Veterinary and Comparative

Forensic Medicine. Blackwell Publishing Book Services, Oxford, UK. 4. Dabas, Y.P.S. and O.P. Saxena. 1994. Veterinary Jurisprudence and Postmortem.

International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow, India. 5. Farani, M. 1983. Livestock Laws Manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations, Rome, Italy.6. Merck, M. D. 2007. Veterinary Forensics: Animal Cruelty Investigations. 1st Ed.,

Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK. 7. Qamar, I.A. and M.Z. Durrani. 1963. Veterinary Laws in West Pakistan. West

Pakistan Agricultural University, Lyallpur, Pakistan.New Course

SURG-406 LARGE ANIMAL SURGERY 2(1-1)

THEORYScope of large animal surgery; Surgical affections of head, neck and ear, affections of eye, affections of musculoskeletal system, affections of digestive system; Surgical management of colic; Affections of teeth, affections of thorax, urinary system, male genital system, female genital system, integumentary system, skin, claws, horns, and tail; Affections of the teats and udder.

PRACTICALEctropion, entropion and enucleation of eyeball procedures with practical demonstration; Various tenectomies and tendon repair and neurectomy procedures with practical demonstration; Temporary and permanent tracheotomy and laryngeal diverticulectomy procedure; Oesophagotomy practical demonstration, rumenotomy procedure and practical demonstration; Procedure of castration of farm animals and

112

equine with practical demonstration; Procedure of penile amputation with practical demonstration; Procedure and methods of disbudding and dehorning and tail docking in cattle and buffaloes with practical demonstration.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Venugopalan, A. 2000. Essentials of Veterinary Surgery. 8th Ed., Oxford and IBH

Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, India.2. Auer, J.A. 1999. Equine Surgery. 2nd Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.3. Jennings, Jr. P.B. 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.4. Colahan, P. T., A.M. Merrite, I. N. Moore and l.G. Mayhew. 1999. Equine

Medicine and Surgery. 5th Ed., (Vol. 1 & 2), Mosby, Philadelphia. USA.5. Turner, A.S. and C.W. Mcllwraith. 1994. Techniques in Large Animal Surgery. 2nd

Ed., Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.6. Tagi, R.P.S. and L. Singh. 1993. Ruminant Surgery. CBS Publishers and

Distributors, New Delhi, India.7. Oehme, F.W. and E. Prier. 1988. Textbook of Large Animal Surgery. 2nd Ed.,

Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.8. Jennings, Jr. P.B. 1984. The Practice of Large Animal Surgery. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.PATH-409 VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2(0-2)

PRACTICALOverview of the subject. Blood composition; Sampling strategies. Choosing an appropriate test, Collection, preservation and dispatch of morbid material. Blood collection, preservation/storage, evaluation. RBC: Physiological and pathological response. Abnormal erythrocytes: Conditions and diseases. Hemoglobin abnormalities. Hematocrit: Significance and abnormalities. Bone marrow examination. Anemia: Clinical evaluation and Laboratory diagnosis of anemia: Tests and demonstration of tests; Differential diagnosis of anemia, Erythrocyte indices, Polycythemia. What is your diagnosis: Cases of erythrocyte abnormalities. Leukocytes in health and disease: Leukopenia, Leukocytosis. Leukocytes, Neutrophilia, Neutropenia, Lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, Eosenophilia, eosinopenia, monopenia and monocytosis. TLC and DLC:

113

Demonstration and performance of tests. What is your diagnosis: Cases of leukocyte abnormalities, Examination of serum total proteins, albumin and globulin; Urinalysis: Overview, Collection, Preservation. Physical examination: color volume, turbidity, specific gravity. Chemical examination of urine, pH, Proteinuria, Glycosuria. Determination of ketonuiria, Blood in urine, Urobilinogen, Calcium in urine. Microscopic examination of urine: Methods, Preparation of urine sediment. Organized and unorganized urine sediment. Skin scrapping: Sample collection, processing and examination. LFTs: Different tests of liver, Significance of various LFTs in disease diagnosis, Different kidney function tests, Significance of kidney function tests in disease diagnosis. Exfoliative cytology.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Coles, E.H. 1986. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 4th Ed., W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, PA, USA.2. Kaneko, J.J., J.W. Harvey and M.L. Bruss (eds). 1997. Clinical Biochemistry of

Domestic Animals. 5th Ed., Academic Press, New York, USA.3. Khan, A. 2008. Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 1st Ed., University of Agriculture

Press, Faisalabad, Pakistan.4. Latimer , K.S. (ed). 2011. Duncan and Prasse's Veterinary Laboratory Medicine:

Clinical Pathology. 5th Ed., Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USA.5. Rosenfeld , A.J. and S.M. Dial. 2010. Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team.

1st Ed., Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USA. 6. Stockham, S.L. and M.A. Scott. 2009. Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical

Pathology. 2nd Ed., Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USALM-408 EQUINE AND CAMEL PRODUCTION 2(1-1)

THEORYCamel as milk, meat and draught animal; Equines (horses mules and donkeys) as draught animals; Types and breeds of camel and equines; Special characteristics, body conformation and draught ability of camel and equines; Selection for various types; Breeding, feeding and reproduction management of camel, horse and donkey; Principles of equitation; Common ailments and their prophylactics; Welfare of camels and equines.

114

PRACTICALDemonstration of body conformation and defects; Determining age; Markings of camels and horses; Grooming and cleaning; Use of various management tools and equipment; Care of foot; Use and care of harness and saddles; Equitation practices; Measuring physiological norms; Visit to stud farms.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Khan, B.B., A. Iqbal and M. Riaz. 2003. Production and Management of

Camels. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.2. Al-Ani, F.K. 2004. Camel Management and Diseases. Ammar Publcations,

Amman, Jordan.3. Khan, M.J. 2011. Equine and Camel Production: An Approach Towards Better

Management. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG., Germany.

4. McBane, S. 1991. The Competition Horse: Breeding, Production and Management. Howell Book House, New York, USA.

5. Pilliner, S., J.H. Brown and V. Powell-Smith. 2000. Horse and Stable Management: Incorporating Horse Care. Blackwell Professional Publications, Ames, Iowa, USA.

115

Semester IX Semester IX

MICRO-505 VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH 4(2-4)

THEORYEpidemiology: Orientation to epidemiology relevant definitions evolution of epidemiology types of epidemiology (conventional clinical molecular and environmental) uses of epidemiology in disease investigations and control.General Concepts of Epidemiology: Domains of clinical and population (herd) medicine patterns of disease occurrence (endemic, sporadic, epidemic and pandemic); Population and its types; Koch’s & Evan’s postulates; Variables and their types; Association between variable; types of association; causal models of a disease; Formulation of causal hypothesis of a disease; Measures of disease frequency (Point prevalence, period prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence rate, mortality rate, case fatility rate, attack rate etc.); Temporal and spatial distribution of diseases.Determinants/Risks Factors: Classification of determinants; Primary and secondary determinants, intrinsic and extrinsic determinants, Determinants associated with host, agent and environment; Interaction of determinants.Identification of Determinants/Risk Factors: Surveys; types of empidemiological studies; sampling methods and sample size consideration in epidemioilogical investigations; Cross sectional, case-control and cohort studies. Measurement of association between risk factor (s) and disease.Sources and Transmission of Infection: Horizontal transmission; vertical transmission; maintenance of infection, vector of disease.Sero-epidemiology: Sero- diagnostic tests of veterinary importance; measurement of geometric mean tire (GMT); herd/flock immune profiles; parameters of evaluation of diagnostic test (sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, etc.). Active and passive surveillance of transboundary animal diseases.Animal Health Economics and Productivity Schemes: Value of economic analysis; Structure of health productivity schemes and dairy health productivity schemes.Epidemiological data: Sources of data; Representation (coding) of data; Computerized technique for recording of data; Current data on livestock/Poultry population in Pakistan.

MICRO-511 VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH 3(2-1)

THEORY Introduction of epidemiology and its branches; Historical perspective and JOHN Snow’s findings; Roll of epidemiology in preventive medicine; Role of epidemiology in herd health; Relationship of epidemiology and biostatistics; Introduction of public health and veterinary public health; Relationship of public health and community health; Emerging zoonoses and epidemic investigation; Role of international organizations for the control of zoonoses; Descriptive epidemiology; Who, when and where triad, agent, host and environment triad; Vital statistics, prevalence and incidence, its types and applications; Morbidity rate and mortality rate; Tool of descriptive epidemiology; Surveillance introduction and examples, active surveillance, passive surveillance, methodology of surveillance, sero-surveillance and geometric mean titer; Sample size determination; Analytical epidemiology; Case control study, retrospective study, applications and examples of case control study, Cohort study/prospective study, applications and examples of cohort studies, experimental epidemiology, clinical and community trials; Disease prevention, control and eradication; International disease reporting; Water, milk, meat and food borne zoonotic diseases; Role of WTO in import and export of animals and animal by-products; Role of GIS and GPS in animal disease surveillance and control.

PRACTICAL Difference between qualitative and quantitative data, Presentation of data in tables, graphs and curves, Histogram, bar diagram, PIE charts and flow charts diagram; Different types of graphs on log and semi log paper, Difference between rate, ratios

116

Public Health: Components of veterinary medicine and their relation to human health, human health cost of animal diseases in developed and subsistence economies of the world, the current and future role of veterinary medicine in combating hunger and malnutrition, An overview of veterinary public health services in developed and under developed countries. Zoonosis and their types (direct Zoonosis, cyclozoonosis, metazoonosis and saprozoonosis); Important zoonotic diseases and their significance. The role or veterinary profession in combating Zoonosis. The role of veterinary profession in producing safe human food, prevention of drug residues, implications and requirements of WTO agreement in relation to the food of animal origin.PRACTICALEpidemiology: Computerized and manual recording of epidemiuological data and their analysis. Calculating the association of a risk factor with a disease in cohort and case-control studies. Investigation of a point source and propagative disease outbreaks. Construction of appropriate frequency polygons or histograms of temporal data. Exercise in random and non-random sampling and calculation of appropriate sample size in a given epidemiological situation. Sample size in relation to inferential statistics, concept of power, bias and its type. Evaluating the economic impact of a veterinary practice through partial and capital budgeting and decision analysis.Public Health: Microbiological examination of milk, meat and eggs for potential human health patognes. Diagnostic technique for common Zonosis (brucellosis, glanders, tuberculosis, salmonellosis, toxoplasmosis, hydatidosis, etc, etc). Determination of somatice cell count and other parameters for quality of milk. Detection of antibiotic, mycotoxins, pesticides etc in milk, meat and eggs. Visits to slaughterhouse to examine the procedures of meat inspection.Books RecommendedJones, H. J., M. W. Hubbert and H. Hagstard, 2000. Zoonosis – Recognition, Control and Prevention. Blackwell Science, Ltd., Oxford, U.K. Martin, W., A. Meek, and P. Willeberg, 1987. Veterinary Epidemiology, Principle and Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa, USA.Schawabe, C. W., 1984. Veterinary Medicine and Human Health. William & Wilkins, Baltimore, USA.Thrusfield, M., 1995. Veterinary Epidemiology. 2nd Ed. Blackwell Science, London.Toma, B. and J. P. Vaillancourt, 1999. Directory of Veterinary Epidemiology. The Iowa

proportion, Morbidity and mortality rate, incidence and prevalence, calculation of rates from the data and sample size, interpretation from the results of surveillance reports, Field visit for surveillance, data collection, calculation and interpretation of case control study, cohort study from the given data, sample size determination of analytical studies, methodology of randomization of clinical sampling, Epidemic investigation from the given information; Hands on training for data analyzing using statistical software.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Jones, H.J., M.W. Jubbert and H. Hagstard. 2000. Zoonosis–Recognition, Control

and Prevention. Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford, UK. 2. Martin, W., A. Meek and P. Welleber. 1987. Veterinary Epidemiology: Principles

and Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA. 3. Thrusfied, M. 2006 Veterinary Epidemiology. 3rd Ed., Blackwell Science, London,

UK. 4. Toma, B. and J.P. Vaillancourt. 1999. Directory of Veterinary Epidemiology. The

Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

117

State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.PATH-505 POULTRY PATHOLOGY 3(2-2)

THEORYIntroduction to poultry health problems in Pakistan. Pathological manifestations in viral, bacterial, parasitic and nutritional diseases. Mycosis and mycotoxicosis. Nutritional deficiency diseases. Environmental and management problems. Poisonings and Intoxications.

PRACTICALPostmortem examination of poultry. Sample collections and laboratory tests for disease diagnosis. Investigation of field outbreaks of disease. Visits to poultry diagnostic laboratories.

Books recommendedAnjum, A. D., 1996. Poultry Disease Diagnosis-Coloured Atlas. Arbi Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Anjum, A. D., 1997. Poultry Diseases. 2nd edition. Vet. Ag. Publications, Faisalabad, Pakistan.Jordan, F. T. W., M. Pattison, D. Alexandar, T. Fragher and D. J. Alexandar, 2002. Poultry Diseases. 5th edition. W. B. Saunders, London.Saif, Y. M., H. J. Barnes, J. R. Glison, A. M. Fadly, L. R. Mc Dougald and D. E. Swayne, 2003. Diseases of Poultry. 11th edition. Iowa State Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.

PATH-510 POULTRY PATHOLOGY 3(1-2)

THEORY Introduction to poultry industry of Pakistan. Significance of diseases in poultry industry, Newcastle disease, Avian pneumovirus infection, Avian influenza, Infectious bronchitis, Laryngotracheitis, Hydropericardium, Inclusion body hepatitis, Egg drop syndrome, Infectious bursal disease, Avian encephalomyelitis, Chicken infectious anemia, Avian pox, Reovirus infections. Neoplastic diseases: Marek’s disease, Leukosis sarcoma group. Salmonellosis, Colibacillosis, Infectious coryza, Fowl cholera, Spirocheatosis, Mycoplasmosis, Clostridial diseases, Coccidiosis, Other parasitic diseases, Mycotoxicosis, Fungal infections, Nutritional diseases, Miscellaneous pathological disorders.

PRACTICALDisinfection of poultry farms; Laboratory tests for farm biosecurity evaluation. Disinfection of hatcheries, Laboratory tests for monitoring of hatchery biosecurity, Hatching egg and chick health. Microbiological and toxicological monitoring of processed chicken, Processing plants, Poultry feeds. Postmortem techniques for poultry birds-I, Postmortem techniques for poultry birds-II, Collection of blood, serum and tissue samples, Live and dead birds submission to a laboratory; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-1, Lab tests and differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases of poultry birds; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-2, Lab tests and differential diagnosis of salmonellosis and colibacillosis; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-3, Differential diagnosis of coccidiosis caused by different Eimeria spp., Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-4, Diagnosis of early chick mortality; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-5, Lab tests for diagnosis of Newcastle disease, Avian influenza; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-6, Lab tests for diagnosis of mycoplasma; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-7, Lab tests for diagnosis of different neoplastic diseases; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-8, Differential

118

diagnosis of enteric diseases of chicken; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-9, Veterinary sanitary aspects of vaccine handling and vaccination techniques; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-10, Demonstration and practical administration of vaccines; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-11, Diagnosis of mycotoxicosis and other toxicities; Mycotoxin detection; Postmortem examination and diagnosis of the problem (Case recording)-12, Diagnosis of diseases due to variation in ambient temperatures, water deprivations; Farm/hatchery visits; Group discussions.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. Charlton, B.R., A.J. Burmudez, M. Boulianne, D.A. Halvorson, J.S. Shrader, L.J.

Newmann, J.E. Sander and P.S. Wakenell. 2006. Avian Disease Manual. 6 th Ed., American Association of Avian Pathologists, Athens, GA, USA.

2. Jordan, F.T.W., M. Pattison, D. Alexander, T. Faragher and D.J. Alexander. 2002. Poultry Diseases. 5th Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, London, UK.

3. Pattison, M., D. Alexander, J. M. Bradbury and P. Mcmullin (eds). 2008. Poultry Diseases. Saunders Ltd., Philadelphia, USA.

4. Saif, Y.M.,L.K. Nolan, A.M. Fadly, J.R. Glisson and L.R. McDouald . 2008. Diseases of Poultry. 12th Ed., Blackwell Pub. Professional, Ames, Iowa, USA.

5. Swayne, D.E., J.R. Glisson, M.W. Jackwood, J.E. Pearson and W.M. Reed. 1998. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens. 4 th

Ed., American Association of Avian Pathologists, Jacksonville, FL, USA.6. Tegetmeier , W.B. 2010. Profitable Poultry: Their Management in Health and

Disease. 1st Ed., Darton & Co., London, UK.PATH-506 LIVESTOCK HEALTH HAZARDS MANAGEMENT 1(1-0)

Definition.Difference between hazard and disaster. Natural hazards and disasters causes and effects. Disaster preparedness, damage and need assessment. Emergency veterinary health services in the even of a disaster. Veterinary health management after natural disaster. Epidemiologic surveillance after natural disaster. Vector control after natural disaster. Various hazards on livestock and poultry farms, preparedness of prevention of hazards and disaster. Identification of different hazards in veterinary hospitals and measures of their control. Chemical hazards in veterinary clinics and labs, identification

MED-508 DAIRY HERD HEALTH 2(1-1)

THEORYAn overview of bottlenecks in the development of dairy industry in Pakistan and government’s initiatives to address the impediments; Fundamental concept of quarantine at farm level, general biosecurity and farm sanitation methods, nutrition in relation to dairy animal health, endo-and ecto-parasite control, deworming in farm animals, milking practices and mastitis control methods, milking machine and its evaluation for optimum teat and udder health, drug residues avoidance, vaccination

119

of hazardous chemicals, labeling of hazardous chemicals. Hazardous material transportation. Principles of hazardous waste management, disposal and pollution control.

Books RecommendedAmdur, M. O., J. Doul and C. D. Klaassen, 1993. Casarett and Duol Toxicology McGraw Hill Inc., USA.Jones, T. C., and R. D. Hunt, 1997. Veterinary Pathology. 6th Ed., Lea abd Febiger, Philadelphia.Solusby, E. J. L., 1986. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. The English Language Book Society, Bailliere Tindall, London.

against prevalent diseases, basics of housing in relation to dairy animal health, combating heat and cold stress in farm animals, disinfection of farm premises before stocking and after de-stocking, manual and computer assisted herd health programs and analyses, DHIA or other farm related record programs.

PRACTICALHands on training of use of computer programs (e.g. Dairy Champ) for dairy health and production, farm record analysis for prevention of diseases, drug residue screening procedures, detection procedures for failure of passive transfer of immunity (PTI), colostrum preservation and feeding, identification of common poisonous plants, somatic cell counts and standard plate counts for evaluation of milk quality and body condition scoring, screening of animals for mastitis, tuberculosis, Johne’s disease, brucellosis. Drinking water analysis, silage preparation, least cost feed formulation, designing herd health programs for a dairy in a periurban setting, feasibility report of a dairy farm, detection techniques for insecticides, pesticides and mycotoxins from cotton seed cake and other feed stuffs, practice of preventive package through community animal health workers.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Kaneene, J.B., E.C. Mather and W.K. Kellog. 1992. Cost Benefits of Food Animal

Health. Michigan State Univ., Michigan, USA.2. Radostits, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hinchcliffand P. D. Constable. 2007. Veterinary

Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10th Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

3. Howard, J.L. 1993 Current Veterinary Therapy III. Food Animal Practice. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.

4. Andrews, A.H. 2000. The Health of Dairy Cattle, Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK.5. Radostits, O.M., K. E. Leslic and J. Fetrow. 1994. Herd Health: Food Animal

Production Medicine. 4th Ed., W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA.6. Divers, T.J. and S.F. Peek. 2008. Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. Saunders-

Elsevier. St. Louis, USA.7. Brand, A., J.P. T.M. Noordhuizen and Y.H. Schukken. 2005. Herd Health and

Production Management in Dairy Practice. Wageningen Academic Publishers,

120

Gelderland, Netherlands.8. Khan, B.B. 2008. Health and Husbandry of Dairy Animals. Pak TM Publishers,

Faisalabad, Pakistan.9. Recent Proceedings of the meetings of American Association of Bovine

Practitioners. Internet sources, papers in the proceeding of relevant seminars, conferences, symposia, workshops etc.

MED -508 Technical Report Writing and Presentation 1(1-0)

THEORYDefinition and types of technical reports. Differences between a technical and a general report. Conventional and modern information resources . The aims of technical writing. The components of report. Organizing the material. Outlining. Basic methods of analysing data. Paragraphing. Punctuation. Number and physical quantities. Capitalization, Italics and Bold. Abbreviations/Acronyms. Scientific terminology. Research proposals. References and notes. Graphic aids. Page format. Proof reading. Planning and delivering a presentation. Some “Do’s” and “Don’ts” of oral presentation. Writing of research paper, clinical article and use of IT in presentation.Books RecommendedBeebe, L., 1993. Professional Writing for the Human Services. Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers.Hashmi, N., 1989. Manual of Technical Writing. 2nd Ed. Directorate of Agricultural Policy and Chemonics International Consulting Division, Islamabad.Turabian, K.L., 1964. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Thesis and Dissertations. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Shifted to Semester X

121

MED-509 MEDICINE CLINIC-III 3(0-6)

Exercise in clinical examination, diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases. Demonstration of the different diagnostic and treatment methods like gastric lavage, enemata, allergic tests, ultrsonography and endoscopy. Practical handling of emergencies like colic, tympany, snake bite, poisoning, shock, heat stroke, etc. Recording a minimum of 10 clinical cases under the supervision of teacher and making a presentation after consulting veterinary information resources like journals, books and internet.Excursion to recognize different medicinal and toxic plants. Toxicological analysis of fodder for nitrate, nitrite and hydrocyanic acid. Study tour of livestock and poultry farms and research institutes. Disease outbreak investigation. Ambulatory clinical practice.

Books Recommended

Andrews, A.H., 1990. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Cattle. Butterworths and Company, London.Bistner, S.I. and R.B. Ford, 1995. Kirk & Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 6th ed. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.Boddie. G.P., 1972. Diagnostic Methods in Veterinary Medicine. 8th Ed. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, UK.Bonagura, J.D. 1995. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XII-Small Animal Practice W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.Brearly M.J., J.E. Cooper and M. Sullivon, 1991. A Colour Atlas of Small Endoscopy. Wolfe Publishing Company, London.Peterson-Jones S.M. and S.M. Cirpsin, 2001. BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Ophthomology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.Pinsent, P.J.N. and C.J. Fuller, 1997. Outline of Clinical Diagnosis in Horse. Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K.

Radostits, O.M., D.C. Blood and C.C. Gay, D. C. Blood and K.W. Hinchcliff 2000. 9th

MED-507 MEDICINE CLINIC-III 2(0-2)

PRACTICALIndependent handling, diagnosis and treatment of clinical cases; Assignment of indoor cases and maintaining their complete records; Vaccination schedules in animals; Practical demonstration of control measures for ecto and endo parasites on individual animals and on herd basis; Training in ambulatory clinical practice; Veterinary disaster preparedness (flood, drought, earthquake, poisonous gases, radiation, etc). Study tour to livestock farms; Professional films; Case record and presentation; Vetero-legal cases.

Note: The topics will be covered subject to the availability of cases at the clinics.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Ford, R.B. and E. Muzafferro. 2012. Kirk and Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary

Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

2. Cote, E. 2011. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats. 2nd Ed., Elsevier Mosby, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

3. Wilson, A.D. 2012. Clinical Veterinary Advisor: The Horse. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

4. Kelly, W. R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed., Bailliere Tindall & Corsell, London, UK.

5. Morgan. R.V. 1997. Handbook of Small Animal Practice. 3rd Ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, USA.

6. Radostitis, O.M., C.C. Gay, K.W. Hincheliff and P. D. Constable. 2007. A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Pigs, Goats and Horses. 10th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, USA.

7. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10th Ed., Merial Ltd. New Jersey, USA.

122

SURG-506 SURGERY CLINIC-III 3(0-6)

Practice of passing stomach tube and stomach lavage. Handling surgical emergency cases. Back racking. Surgical Management of choking. Fluid replacement therapy and blood transfusion in animals. Regional nerve blocks in large animals. Application of plaster casts. Use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. Exercise in certificate writing as to soundness. Group discussion in cases received in the clinics and case presentations. Independent handling of surgical cases.

Books RecommendedSpeirs, V.C., 1997 Clinical Examination of Horse. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.Stashak, T.S., 1992. Adam’s Lameness in Horses. 4th Ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA.

SURG-508 SURGERY CLINIC-III 2(0-2)

PRACTICALHandling surgical emergency cases; Fluid replacement therapy and blood transfusion in animals; Practice of passing stomach tube and stomach lavage, back racking, rectal palpation; Surgical management of chocking, colic and grain over load; Management of urine retention cases; Application of plaster casts; Use of radiography and ultrasound as a diagnostic tool; Group discussion on cases received in the clinics and case presentations; Independent handling of surgical cases.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Speirs, V.C. 1997. Clinical Examination of Horse. W.B. Saunders Co.,

Philadelphia, USA.2. White II, N.A. and I.N. Moore. 1997, Current Techniques in Equine Surgery and

Lameness. 2nd Ed., W.B. Saunders, London, UK.3. Stashak, T.S. 1992. Adams Lameness in Horses. 4th Ed., Lea and Febiger,

Philadelphia, USA.4. Colbhan, P.T., A.M. Merrite, J.N. Moore and I.G. Mayhew. 1999. Equine Medicine

and Surgery. 5th Ed., (Vol. l & 2), Mosby, Philadelphia, USA.5. Pllitt, C.C. 1995. Color Atlas of the Horse's Foot. Mosby-Wolfe, Philadelphia, USA6. Kelly, W.R. 1984. Veterinary Clinical Diagnosis. 3rd Ed., Bailliere Tindall &

Corsell, London, UK. 7. Ford, R.B. and E. Muzafferro. 2012. Kirk and Bistner’s Handbook of Veterinary

Procedures and Emergency Treatment. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

8. Kahn, C.M. and S. Line. 2010. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 10 th Ed., Merial Ltd., Philadelphia, USA.

123

AR-506 ANIMAL REPRODUCTION CLINIC-III 3(0-6)

Training the students in diagnosis and treatment of various reproductive problems at clinics. Use of ultrasound imaging to diagnose reproductive abnormalities in domestic animals. Microbiological analysis of semen. Clinical case recording and presentation.

Books RecommendedKahn, W., D. Volkmann and R.M. Kenney, 1994. Veterinary Reproductive Ultrasonography, Mosby-Wolfe, London.Morrow, D.A., 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology, II. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore.

THERIO-506 REPRODUCTION CLINIC-III 2(0-2)

PRACTICAL Training of students in diagnosis and treatment of various reproductive problems at clinics: Anestrus, repeat breeding, cystic ovarian degeneration, uterine infections: Endometritis, puerperal metritis and pyometra; vaginal and uterine prolapse, retention of placenta, uterine torsion, different types of dystocia, uterine hemorrhages; Clinical case recording and presentation for grading the students; Causes and treatment of delayed puberty in heifers; Causes and treatment of prolonged calving interval in cattle and buffaloes; Induction of parturition/abortion in cattle/buffalo; Postpartum care of dam; Care of neonatal calf; Overview of estrous cycle of bitch, mare and she-camel; Vaginal cytology in bitches; Canine semen collection and evaluation; Collection and examination of preputial samples; Visit to livestock farms and field visits.SUGGESTED READINGS1. Noakes, D.E., T.J. Parkinson and G.C.W. England (eds.). 2009. Veterinary

Reproduction and Obstetrics. 9th Ed., Saunders Elsevier, London, UK.2. Youngquist, R.S. and W.R. Threlfall. 2007. Current Therapy in Large Animal

Theriogenology. 2nd Ed., Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA, USA.3. Jackson, P.G.G. 2004. Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics. 2nd Ed., Elsevier

Limited, London, UK.4. Morrow, D.A. (ed.) 1986. Current Therapy in Theriogenology. W.B. Saunders

Company, Philadelphia, PA, USA.5. Zemjenis, R., 1970. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques in Animal

Reproduction. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, USA.PH-503 POULTRY FARMS OPERATIONS 5(1-8)

THEORYBroiler flock management: multiage, all-in and all- out. Preparation before the chicks arrive. Receiving chicks. Space, temperature, feed and water requirements. Ventilation. Light. Assessment of performance. Feed withdrawal before slaughtering. Breeder flock management: brooding period, rear period, pre-lay period, laying period. Feed and water restriction. Male management. Management of grandparent flock.PRACTICAL

Deleted

124

Demonstration of hatchery equipment: fumigation chamber, egg candler, incubator and hatcher machines, thermometers, chick boxes, vaccine injecting machines, etc. Tray washers. Hatchery operation: egg receiving and storage, grading of hatching eggs, egg traying, pre-warming hatching eggs. Incubation and hatching environment. Pulling, drying, hardening and storage of chicks. Grading of chicks. Sexing of chicks. Dubbing and detoeing. Chick delivery. Hatchery sanitation: cleaning, washing and disinfection of incubators and hatchers. Hatchery waste disposal. Flock record keeping: eggs flow, hatch reports, chicks handling and delivery. Handling and disposal of farm and hatchery wastes. Detecting and cull birds. Implementation of biosecurity at hatchery, broiler farm, layer farm, breeder farms and grandparent farms.Books RecommendedAustric, R.E. and M.C. Nesheim, 1990. Poultry Production. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, USA. Ensminger, M.E., 1992. Poultry Science. The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc., Danville, Illinois, USA.Donald D.B., D. William and Weaver, Jr. 2002. Commercial chicken meat and egg production (5th Edition). Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA.Nothh, M.O and D.B. Donald, 1990. Commercial chicken manual. Van Nostrand. Reinhok New York, USA, 4th edition. ZOOL -502 BIODIVERSITY 1(1-0) THEORYDefinition.Terminology. Objective of study. Levels of biodiversity. Different Ecosystems and environmental influences. Coexistence and competition. Conserving biodiversity: species conservation, habital conservation. Biodiversity in farm animals, wild life and plants. Interactions of animals with pests, microorganisms and flora. Effect of ecological system on animal diseases and production potential. Nutrient cycling of soils, crop rotation and its interaction with livestock and wild life. Biological control of pests. Pollination and its role in biodiversity. Analyzing and interpreting biodiversity data.Books RecommendedCunningham, W. P., and S. B. Woodworth, 1999. Environmental Science. McGraw Hill Book Co., Sydney.Hunter, Jr., M. L., 1996. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. Blackwell Science, Inc. USA.

Deleted.

125

New Course

FST-501 MEAT AND SLAUGHTER BYPRODUCTS TECHNOLOGIES 3(2-1)

THEORYMeat carcass; slaughtering, dressing, anti- and postmortem changes in carcass. Hygienic production and handling of meat. Slaughter house wastes management. Carcass grading. Preparation of different meat cuts. Eating quality of meat. Factors (ante-mortem & postmortem) affecting the quality of meat. Quality indicators of raw meat. Modern meat processing, physical and chemical treatments. Meat preservation methods; chilling, freezing, canning, smoking and curing. Processing of meat industry byproducts edibles. Meat spoilage; microbiological hazard identification in the meat industry.

PRACTICALLayout and designs of modern slaughterhouses and abattoirs. Slaughtering techniques. Postmortem examination. Meat grading. Physical and chemical properties of meat. Meat quality analysis. Meat preservation methods. Visit to slaughterhouse and meat industry.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Kerry, T., J. Kerry and D. Ledward. 2002. Meat Processing: Improving Quality. Woodhead Publications Ltd., Abington, Cambridge, UK.

2. Lawrie, R.A. 2006. Lawrie’s Meat Science. 7th Ed., Woodhead Publications Ltd., Abington, Cambridge, UK.

3. Pearson, A.M. and T.A. Gillett. 1997. Processed Meats. Chapman & Hall Inc., New York, NY, USA.

4. Hui, Y.H., Nip. Wai. Kit. 2001. Meat Science and Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA.

5. Anwar, A.H. and M.N. Khan. 2000. Meat Hygiene and Inspection. Friends Science Publishers, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

126

New Course

THERIO-507 SMALL ANIMAL THERIOGENOLOGY 2(0-2)

PRACTICALComparative functional anatomy of ovine and caprine reproductive system; Ovine and caprine estrous cycle; Estrus detection in sheep and goat; Methods of pregnancy diagnosis and signs of parturition in sheep and goat; Semen collection and evaluation from ram and buck.Comparative functional anatomy of canine and feline reproductive system; Canine and feline estrous cycle; Estrus detection in bitch and cat;Vaginal cytology in bitch and cat;Contraindications for use of different drugs during heat and pregnancy in bitch and cat; Methods of pregnancy diagnosis in bitch and cat;Termination of unwanted pregnancy and contraceptive measures in bitch and cat;Diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism and benign prostatic hypertrophy in dog. Neutralization in dog and cat; Cesarean section in small animals; Trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultasonography of sheep and goat reproductive system. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography of bitch and cat reproductive system

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Kustriz, M.V.R. 2010. Clinical Canine and Feline Reproduction: Evidence Based Answers. 1st Ed., Blackwell Publishing, John Wiley & Sons, Ames, Iowa, USA.

2. Gordon, I. 2004. Controlled Reproduction in Sheep and Goat. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

3. Simpson, G.M., G.C. England and M. Haevey. (eds.) 2004. BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Reproduction and Neonatology. British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Gloucester, UK.

4. Kustriz, M.V.R. (ed.) 2003. Small Animal Theriogenology. Butterworth, Elsvier Science, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

127

Semester X Semester X

Internship Internship (modified as mentioned below)

FVS-501 INTERNSHIP-I: POULTRY FARMS/RESEARCH INSTITUTES2(0-2)

FVS-502 INTERNSHIP-II: LIVESTOCK FARMS/HOSPITALS 2(0-2)

FVS-503 TECHNICAL REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION 1(0-1)

PRACTICALDefinition and types of technical reports; Differences between a technical and a general report; Conventional and modern information resources. The aims of technical writing; The components of report; Organizing the material; Outlining and basic methods of analyzing data. Paragraphing and punctuation. Number and physical quantities; Capitalization; Italics and bold. Abbreviations/acronyms; Scientific terminology; Research proposals; References and notes; Graphic aids; page format; Proof reading; Planning and delivering a presentation. Some “Do’s” and “Don’ts” of oral presentation; Writing of research paper, clinical article and use of I.T. in presentation.

SUGGESTED READINGS1. Beebe, L. 1993. Professional Writing for the Human Services. National Association

of Social Workers, Washington, DC, USA.2. Hashmi, N. 1989. Manual of Technical Writing. 2nd Ed., Directorate of Agricultural

Policy and Chemonics, International Consulting Division, Islamabad, Pakistan.3. Turabian, K.L. 1964. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Thesis and

Dissertations. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.