Literal, Inferential, Critical 1. What are the main points and supporting details discussed in the

selection?

2. Why is a date sometime anxiety provoking?

3. Do you agree with a scripted request for a date?

4. Why the authors do not recommend a script for the succeeding meetings?

5. Can you say the line ”I don’t care to spend time with you.” Do you agree that this line should be said to someone?

6. Do you agree with authors that a lady can ask a man for a date? Do you think a lady should ask a man for a date?

7. To whom is this selection intended? Who do you think should read this selection?

8. Give the summary of the selection.

Literal

Literal

Critical

Inferential

Critical

Critical

Critical

Inferential

Connectorstransitions

Exercise A. (process)

1. Their arrival alters the physiology of the target organ so that it brings about a change in the functioning of the body.

1. Hormones are substances that are synthesized by an endocrine gland and released into the blood.

1. The blood carries them to one or more target organs.

Exercise A. (answer)

2. Hormones are substances that are synthesized by an endocrine gland and released into the blood.

3. The blood carries them to one or more target organs.

1. Their arrival alters the physiology of the target organ so that it brings about a change in the functioning of the body.

Exercise C. (process)

1. When certain environmental changes (stimuli) reach it, it alters its activity.

2. One of these is its ceaseless exchange of matter and energy with its surroundings.

3. We call this process metabolism.

4. Living matter also exhibits what we may call responsiveness.

5. Living matter exhibits a number of remarkable properties.

6. Another is its ability to guide its own duplication, that is, to grow and reproduce.

Exercise C. (answer)

1. Living matter exhibits a number of remarkable properties.

2. One of these is its ceaseless exchange of matter and energy with its surroundings.

3. We call this process metabolism.

4. Another is its ability to guide its own duplication, that is, to grow and reproduce.

5. Living matter also exhibits what we may call responsiveness.

6. When certain environmental changes (stimuli) reach it, it alters its activity.

• SUM-UP

Content of the summary Mention the title and/or the author of the

selection State the central idea Sum up the body discussion or major

supporting details

Uses verbs that describes – inform, assert, indicate, suggest, etc.– state, said, tell, etc.

Summary: Facts“On Making Dates”

• The selection “On making Dates” suggests practical tips or techniques to the timid on how to make a date as well as reject a date.

Making Sense: How does the message or idea of the author

mean to me?• Relate with the text

– How do i feel about a lady approaching a man for a date?

– How would I feel if a lady tells me that she is not interested in me?

Relating with the writers’ thought

• Reflect on your own conviction

• Critical of the author’s opinion

Reading entails . . .

• Connecting meanings

• Redefining meaning of the writer

Critical thinker/reader

• React : agree or disagree

Be a Judge of ideas

ThesisWhat is the opinion of the writer?

• Writers Sharon and Gordon Bower of “On Making Dates” assert that dates should not cause “anxiety” to the timid because forming friendship is nurtured by the quality of the interaction, not the cost of activity.

Writing a reaction paper for a selection or a reading • State the thesis statement or central idea

• Tell your position in relation to the opinion or proposition of the writer

• Explain or defend your opinion or ideas

Graphic Organizer

How can a graphic organizer help

reading comprehension?

• Using the organizer to write out the summary of a material.

Notes on Graphic Organizers Graphic organizers show the development of information –

e.g. deductive, inductive, deductive restatement, non-deductive.

Laddering involves placing horizontal and vertical lines next to the main ideas and major supporting details.

Mapping helps you relate ideas. Ideal for brainstorming.

Graphic organizers reduce information to its essentials and serves as an excellent visual representation of a text (short or long selection) or review for exams.

Organizers such as ladders or charts and maps can be used as visual note-taking techniques.

Reminder:Organizers work best if you have a visual aptitude, but all

students can benefit from using these visual techniques as reading or study aids.

Deductive- restatement

Restatement of the general idea

specific

specific

specific

General Idea

Non-Deductive

• Mapping

• Clustering

• Semantic Webbing

•How to make a web?

•How to make a diagram?

To make a web/diagram:

First, ask —what is it about? The title or the subject of the thesis or topic sentence is your clue to the main topic to write.

If it is a web map, write the main topic in the oval in the middle of the web; the subtopics on the branching ovals

If it is a diagram, write the main topic either on the first or last box, depending on whether it is inductive or deductive

Then, ask - what are the details (subtopics include major and minor details) supporting the main topic of the selection or passage. Write the subtopics (major details ) supporting the main

topic or subject on each box/oval extending from the main topic.

On the lines extending from the box/oval on major details, write the minor details or the subtopics.

Failure in college

Activities:1. make a list of related ideas

2. Do a map showing how the ideas are related.

Use a web map

Failure in college

• The map

Extra curricular

inability

FailureIn

college

Absencestardiness

cheating

• The ladder

patterns of text organization

coherence

• general – particular• chronological

• simple – complex• external – internal• problem – solution• question – answer

• cause – effect• claim – counter claim

patterns of text organisation

cheating

Inability to solve academic problems

Causes of failure in college

extra curricular activities

tardiness & absences

Extra curricular

inability

FailureIn

college

Absencestardiness

cheating

Write a paragraph (rough draft) about the given topic “failure in college”.

Paragraph Parts Introducer

Developers

Terminator

cheating

Inability to solve academic problems

Causes of failure in college

extra curricular activities

tardiness & absences

Write a paragraph (rough draft) about the given topic “failure in college”.

Paragraph Parts Introducer

Developers

Terminator

ENCIRCLE YOUR TRANSITIONAL DEVISES.

Adding details also, in addition, furthermore, moreover

Contrast details however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, but (cannot

be used to begin a sentence)

Give examples for instance, for example, such as, to illustrate, an example is, in

particular

Give the order one type, another, first, second, third, last, finally,

or the classification

Show time sequence, first, next, eventually, finally, later, soon, when,

Show time meanwhile, suddenly, currently, afterward, before, now, until.

Indicate spatial order

. above, below, behind, in front, beneath, outside, on the other

side

Show similarities likewise, similarly, in the same way, also

• The text

Reading Causal analysis patterns 1Several college students end up getting an

incomplete grade or worse failing a course for several reasons. 2Some of them spend more time in their extra-curricular activities than in studying. 3Others are unconcerned with the number of tardiness and absences they incurred. 4In certain situations, there are those who thought they could get away with cheating in exams or passing plagiarized papers. 5But the ultimate cause of failure among students is their inability to address persistent academic problems appropriately and immediately. 6The given are the most common causes and certainly there are many more.

Emphasis is either cause or effect

How to develop cause & effect paragraph?

Two organizational development:

cause

effect1

effect2

effect3

effect

Cause 1

cause3

cause2

Cause

College failure

Extra curricular Absences

tardiness

cheating

cause effect1 effect2 effect3

Reading Cause-effect patterns 1 Several college students end up getting

an incomplete grade or worse failing a course for several reasons. 2 Some of them spend more time in their extra-curricular activities than in studying. 3 Others are unconcerned with the number of tardiness and absences they incurred. 4 In certain situations, there are those who thought they could get away with cheating in exams or passing plagiarized papers. 5 But the ultimate cause of failure among students is their inability to address persistent academic problems appropriately and immediately. 6The given are the most common causes and certainly there are many more.

Adding details also, in addition, furthermore, moreover

Contrast details however, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, but (cannot

be used to begin a sentence)

Give examples for instance, for example, such as, to illustrate, an example is, in

particular

Give the order one type, another, first, second, third, last, finally,

or the classification

Show time sequence, first, next, eventually, finally, later, soon, when,

Show time meanwhile, suddenly, currently, afterward, before, now, until.

Indicate spatial order

. above, below, behind, in front, beneath, outside, on the other

side

Show similarities likewise, similarly, in the same way, also

effect

Shortage on paper

Crises in food supplies

Destructive climactic change

Global assault on forests

effect1 effect2 effect3 cause

• STOP

P2 R4 S

Purpose/s main idea

author’s style and approach

author’s point of view

level of difficulty of the material

Preview

ReadCritical

Creative

Recite

Review

Synthesize

Re-read

recalling what you have read

answer Q’s

comparison and contrast

distinguish major and minor parts

Underline key ideas

Mark Key ideas

Bring out more details

Underscore salient points

Intensive reading can be attained by following a strategic approach called P2R4S which requires purposeful skimming and scanning as well as engaging previewing before actual reading. R4 stands for reading the text 4 times with each the reader applies certain strategies and techniques which include among others: reading critically or creatively; reciting by recalling and answering questions; and then reviewing by marking ideas. Towards the end, the reader should synthesize to evaluate the material. Finally, rereading can help in bringing out more details and underscoring the salient points. The process is certainly time consuming but being able to get the main ideas and making sense out of them are the keys to effective learning.

cheating

Inability to solve academic problems

Causes of failure in college

extra curricular activities

tardiness & absences