Marife R. Waje

Sched #4

Chapter 3: Motivational and Affective Factors that influence Learning

#17 Self Efficacy and Self Concept

SELF EFFICACY AND SELF CONCEPT

By: Marife R. Waje

What is self efficacy? Is a person’s judgement about being able to perform a particular activity.

Self-efficacy reflects how confident students are about performing specific tasks. High self-

efficacy in one area may not coincide with high self-efficacy in another area.

Self-efficacy influences

(1) what activities students select

(2) how much effort they put forth

(3) how persistent they are in the face of difficulties

(4) the difficulty of the goals they set

Self-efficacy affects some of the factors that predict motivation.

Bandura (1997) identified four sources of information that effects self-efficacy:

•1.Mastery experiences

is our personal experience with success or failure.

•2..Vicarious experiences

Self-efficacy can be affected by observing the experiences of others.

Students observing a model successfully perform in a threatening situation are more likely to

develop an expectation that they can acquire the same skill (Alderman, 1999).

•3.Verbal persuasion

Employing verbal feedback to convince or encourage the learners to accomplish the tasks

•4. Physiological state

Anxiety, nervousness, rapid heart rate, sweating...when these symptoms occur, you're probably

facing a big challenge that requires your competence to conquer it.

Improving self-efficacy

♦Feedback

encouragement and the in-depth informative

feedback from teachers is an important influence on self-efficacy.

♦ Model

exposing learners to an inexpert model (peer model)

conquering the challenges successfully can help learners

increase their motivation and self-efficacy.

Successful experience

helping learners gain academic success by providing challenging yet attainable tasks is the

teachers' responsibility.

OVERVIEW OF SOCIAL COGNITIVE

AND SELF EFFICACY THEORIES

Albert Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy was developed as part of a larger theory, the Social

Learning Theory. Social Cognitive Theory was presented by Bandura in response to his

dissatisfaction with the principles of behaviorism and psychoanalysis.

THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY IS COMPOSED OF FOUR PROCESSES OF

GOAL

ORGANIZATION

self-evaluation, self-reaction and self-efficacyself-observation,

Self-observation Observing oneself can inform and motivate. It can be used to assess one’s progress toward goal

attainment as well as motivate behavioral changes.

two important factors

regularity and proximity

Self-evaluation

compares an individual's current performance with a desired performance or goal.

Self-reaction

– Reactions to one’s performance can be motivating. If the progress made is deemed acceptable,

then one will have a feeling of self-efficacy with regard to continuing, and will be motivated

towards the achievement of their goal.

Self-efficacy

One’s belief in the likelihood of goal completion can be motivating in itself

"Self-efficacy refers to people's judgements about their capability to perform particular tasks.

Judgments of self-efficacy are generally measured along three basic scales

♦magnitude ♦ generality.

♦ strength

Self-efficacy magnitude

measures the difficulty level (e.g. easy, moderate, and hard) an individual feels is required to

perform a certain task

Self-efficacy strength refers to the amount of conviction an individual has about performing

successfully at diverse levels of difficulty.

Generality of self-efficacy refers to the "degree to which the expectation is generalized across

situations