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Ch. 1Sec. 4 Air Quality
• harmful substance in air, water or soil
pollutant
1.coal
2.oil
3.gasoline
4.diesel fuel
fossil fuels:
most air pollution caused by burning of:
MOST AIR POLLUTION PRODUCED BY
BURNING ___________FOSSIL FUELS
SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
1. ½ = motor vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.)
2. ¼ = factories & power plants
Particles in air come from:
• 1. natural sources– ocean salt – mold– plant pollen– forest fires– volcanoes
2. human activities
• burning of fossil fuels
• farming
• construction
PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG• brown haze that forms in cities
• formed when nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, & other pollutants react in sunlight
• irritates breathing passages, harm plants, damage rubber, paint & some plastics
acid rain
• rain that contains more acid than normal
• forms when nitrogen oxides & sulfur oxides combine with water in air to form nitric acid & sulfuric acid
EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN•can damage surfaces of buildings
& statues & kill forests
Sandstone statue from 1702 photographed in 1908 (left) and 1969 (right).
ACID RAIN FORMATION
AIR POLLUTERS
I am Pesky Particulate, a small particle of smoke or
dust in the air.
• I may be so small that you cannot see me unless I am traveling on the wind with many other particles. I can soil clothes, buildings, and the air. I can also carry harmful chemicals into the lungs of people and animals.
I am Lumpy Lead, a metallic element found in some
gasoline and in the soil and air around smelters and battery
factories.
• If there is enough of me, I can cause brain damage, cramping, and anemia, especially in young children.
My name is Nasty Nitrogen Oxide.
• You can tell who I am because of my yellow-brown color. I am caused by fuels burned by cars, electric power plants, and other large industrial plants. If enough of me escapes into the air, I can cause a stinking brown haze that shuts out the sunlight. I also can damage plants and metals or harm people's lungs.
I am known as Odious Ozone.
• Although I am invisible by myself, when I get together with other pollutants, we can form smog. I am caused by a combination of sunlight and chemicals. In cities, these chemicals come mainly from automobile exhausts and industrial and power plants. If there is enough of me, I can hurt plants or make it hard for people to breathe.
My name is Cranky Carbon Monoxide.
• You can't see or smell me, but I can be a dangerous pollutant. I am present wherever fuels are burned and come mainly from automobile exhausts. If there is enough of me in one place, I can make people tired or dizzy or give them headaches.
I am Smelly Sulfur Dioxide.
• Your nose can alert you that I am around because of my strong smell. I come out of the smokestacks of power plants and factories and where coal and fuel oil are burned. If there is enough of me, I can irritate eyes, nose, and lungs, eat away iron and steel, turn leaves of plants yellow, and make air hazy.
My name is Terrible Toxics.
• I am hard to identify because I represent so many different toxic airborne chemicals. I might be arsenic, asbestos, benzene, beryllium, mercury, or vinyl chloride. I may mix with other chemicals to cause air pollution problems. Sometimes if there is a lot of exposure to me, people may have to take special precautions to be sure they are safe.
1. Before the industrial revolution, there was no air pollution.TRUE ---------- FALSE
2. Air pollution is a problem only in big cities.TRUE ---------- FALSE
3. Dirty air costs each American about $100 per year.TRUE ---------- FALSE
4. All smokestack emissions pollute the air.TRUE ---------- FALSE
5. When the air is polluted, you can always see and smelt it.TRUE ---------- FALSE
6. Clean air is the responsibility of industry alone.TRUE ---------- FALSE
7. Burning leaves or trash at home contributes to air pollution.TRUE ---------- FALSE
8. The only way air pollution affects the human body is by causing lung disorders.TRUE ---------- FALSE
9. Cars and buses contribute little to the air pollution problem.TRUE ---------- FALSE
10. We have a limitless amount of air to breathe.TRUE ---------- FALSE
11. Air pollution now is under control and will not be a problem in the future.TRUE ---------- FALSE
1. What are harmful substances in the air,
water, or soil? _______________
2. Most air pollution is the result of burning
______________________.
3. Half of the air pollution from human
activities comes from ______________.
4. Name 2 natural sources of pollution? _____
5. What are the pictures examples of? _____
6. What substances combine to form acid rain? _______________
QUIZ
motor vehicles
pollutants
fossil fuels
4. forest fires, volcanoes, mold,
pollen, ocean salt
photochemical smog
nitrogen oxide & sulfur oxide combine with water
CORRECT
INCORRECT