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II Spanish RepublicThe road to the Spanish Civil War
Dinámica Histórica
Gobierno Provisional
Provisional Government 1931
• The Pact of San Sebastián (republican leftist parties united)
• Niceto Alcalá Zamora, moderate republican, Prime Minister
• New constitution
Discussions on the newConstitution
Reform of the Army (Retirement)Minister: Manuel Azaña
Social & Political reformMinister: Largo Caballero
Progressive Government 1931-1933
President: Niceto Alcalá Zamora
Prime Minister: Manuel Azaña
center-left government
Work reform
Minister: Largo Caballero
Autonomic reform
Catalonia 1932
Basque Country and Galicia in process (it never happened because of a change in the government)
Agrarian reform, 1932
Land was in the hands of a few big, aristocratic owners
Some of those lands were not being worked The new law took some of those lands to give them to peasants
Failed Coup d’Etat General Sanjurjo, 1932
Conservatives and monarchists in the Army
General Sanjurjo sentenced to dead but absolved by the next government (1933)
Casas Viejas, Cádiz enero 1933
Anarchist peasants
Angry because the reforms were too slow
Attack the land
Repression: 23 dead
Scandal: Government resignation
Conservative Government 1933-1936
Presidente: Niceto Alcalá Zamora
Prime Minister: Alejandro Lerroux
Parties:
Partido Radical: Alejandro Lerroux
CEDA (Confederación de Derechas Autónomas): Gil-Robles
Counter-reforms
Asturias Revolution
A miners revolt
The Government sent general Francisco Franco with troops from the African Army 1000 dead and 2000 wounded. 30,000 socialists in jail (PSOE y UGT).
300 dead and 800 wounded among the soldiers and police
Revolt in Barcelona
President of the Catalonian autonomic government Lluís Companys declares the independence of the Catalonian State
Repression, jail
End of the Catalonian Autonomy
The Popular Front 1936 - 1939
Left parties (except PSOE)
Presidente: Manuel Azaña
1939: Diego Martínez Barrio
Political Radicalization
Movilization, militarization and confrontation on the streets
FAI / CNT
Falange Española, JONS
The Popular Front 1936 - 1939
The spark…
July 12 1936, Liutenant Castillo, a leftist, is killed by gunmen from the right
July 13 Calvo Sotelo, a right wing politician, is killed by leftist gunmen