II Spanish RepublicThe road to the Spanish Civil War

Dinámica Histórica

Gobierno Provisional

Provisional Government 1931

• The Pact of San Sebastián (republican leftist parties united)

• Niceto Alcalá Zamora, moderate republican, Prime Minister

• New constitution

Discussions on the newConstitution

Reform of the Army (Retirement)Minister: Manuel Azaña

Social & Political reformMinister: Largo Caballero

Progressive Government 1931-1933

President: Niceto Alcalá Zamora

Prime Minister: Manuel Azaña

center-left government

Work reform

Minister: Largo Caballero

Autonomic reform

Catalonia 1932

Basque Country and Galicia in process (it never happened because of a change in the government)

Agrarian reform, 1932

Land was in the hands of a few big, aristocratic owners

Some of those lands were not being worked The new law took some of those lands to give them to peasants

Failed Coup d’Etat General Sanjurjo, 1932

Conservatives and monarchists in the Army

General Sanjurjo sentenced to dead but absolved by the next government (1933)

Casas Viejas, Cádiz enero 1933

Anarchist peasants

Angry because the reforms were too slow

Attack the land

Repression: 23 dead

Scandal: Government resignation

Conservative Government 1933-1936

Presidente: Niceto Alcalá Zamora

Prime Minister: Alejandro Lerroux

Parties:

Partido Radical: Alejandro Lerroux

CEDA (Confederación de Derechas Autónomas): Gil-Robles

Counter-reforms

Asturias Revolution

A miners revolt

The Government sent general Francisco Franco with troops from the African Army 1000 dead and 2000 wounded. 30,000 socialists in jail (PSOE y UGT).

300 dead and 800 wounded among the soldiers and police

Revolt in Barcelona

President of the Catalonian autonomic government Lluís Companys declares the independence of the Catalonian State

Repression, jail

End of the Catalonian Autonomy

The Popular Front 1936 - 1939

Left parties (except PSOE)

Presidente: Manuel Azaña

1939: Diego Martínez Barrio

Political Radicalization

Movilization, militarization and confrontation on the streets

FAI / CNT

Falange Española, JONS

The Popular Front 1936 - 1939

The spark…

July 12 1936, Liutenant Castillo, a leftist, is killed by gunmen from the right

July 13 Calvo Sotelo, a right wing politician, is killed by leftist gunmen