1. Fortz causa es Gaucelm Faidit (1150-1205), 1199 Planh

2. It is a a cruel thing that it behoves me to sing of the great hurt and the greatest pain which I have ever felt and which I must forever lament with tears, for he who was the head and the father of worth, the powerful, valiant Richard, king of the English, is dead - Ah! Lord, what harm and loss is here! 3. Richard I Lionheart The Best of Kings, the Worst of Kings John Gillingham Richard I 4. Coeur de Leon 5. Criteria Domestic policy Foreign Adventures Winner or loser Contemporary views Historians views 6. Coronation Massacres of Jews Appointment of William Longchamp as Chancellor, Justiciar and papal legate Grants of power to John in Normandy John marries Isabel of Gloucester Embarks on Third Crusade 7. Map 8. Crusades and Their Effects Increased need for revenues Knights Templar St. George Impacts on Jews Expansion of trade and travel 9. Richard I Dr. Jennifer Paxton 10. Arab View 11. Crusaders View 12. Third Crusade Raising Money 1188 Saladin Tithe 1190 Forest Laws Sale of Offices Customs taxes; taxes on movable wealth Vacancies in church offices Nick Barratt The English Revenue of Richard I The English Historical Review, Vol. 116, No. 467 (Jun., 2001), pp. 635-656 13. Exchequer Revenue 14. Knights Templar 1118 Founded as protectors for pilgrims to Jerusalem Acceptance by Bernard and the Pope 1137 Queen Matilda (Stephen) gives Cressing 1185 London 1188 Templars and Hospitallers given role in collection of Saladin tithe 15. Temple Church 16. Cross of St. George Widespread use: France, Genoa, Milan, Lombard League 1188 Granted to England by Phillip II 17. ~1100 Grave slabs 18. Tympanum, St Georges Church Fordington, Dorset ~1100 19. Jews in England Arrival Money-lending Aaron of Lincoln Jewish Exchequer 20. Exchequer of the Jews 1179-80 Taxes and cases involving Jews considered under Great Exchequer ~ 1186 Aaron of Lincoln dies; estate confiscated by Henry II 1189-90 Mob violence against Jews Need to protect records from destruction by creditors 1194 Exchequer of the Jews 21. Exchequer of the Jews - System Contracts witnessed by Two Christian lawyers Two Jewish lawyers Clerks of William of the Church of St Marys and William of Chimilli Exchequer heard disputes between Jews and Christians 22. Safeguards - Archae Two sets of pipe rolls Documents kept in a chest with three locks Three seals; Three copies of working rolls Chirographs Release of debts: starr (shetar) Chests (archae) located in major cities Reva Berman Brown and Sean McCartney The Exchequer of the Jews Revisited: The Operation and Effect of the Scaccarium Judeorum The Medieval History Journal, 8, 2 (2005) 23. Hebrew signatures on starrs in the British Museum Robin R. Mundill Out of the Shadow and into the Light the Impact and Implications of Recent Scholarship on the Jews of Medieval England 1066 1290 History Compass 9/8 (2011): 572601, 2011 24. Norman House, Lincoln, home associated with Aaron http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=326685#aRm; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_House 25. Jews House, Lincoln 26. Norwich Jurnet Music House Cameron Self, Flckr 27. Moyses Hall Bury St. Edmunds 28. Jews in England Estimate 2/3 of Jewish wealth in the hands of 82 individuals in 18 families Other occupations Doctors Engraver at the Mint?; painter of holy pictures?, a crossbowman, a fencing master, soldiers Presumably peddlers Suzanne Bartlet (2000): Three Jewish Businesswomen in Thirteenth-Century Winchester, Jewish Culture and History, 3:2, 31-54