Active Shooter Response: What 911 Needs to Know. (A PowerPhone Webinar)

Copyright © 2013, PowerPhone

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•  Webinar is being recorded

•  Telephone or VoIP

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•  Q&A via Webinar Chat

•  #ASR911 ~ @PowerPhone

For Your Information

Type your questions here.


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About Your Speaker

George Deuchar, MAS; PowerPhone Law Enforcement Training Consultant !  Retired 26-year police veteran. !  19+ years with PowerPhone !  Tens of thousands trained worldwide !  Emergency Communications Expert

!  Active Shooting Response !  Domestic Violence !  Suicide Intervention !  Crisis Negotiations


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•  An “active shooter” is one or more individuals participating in a random or systematic killing spree, demonstrating their intent to harm others with a firearm.

•  Objective is mass murder. •  Attacks are dynamic incidents

that vary greatly from one to another.

What are Active Shooters?


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•  An intense incident with a firearm whose activity will immediately cause death and serious injury to innocent victims.

•  It is important to know who is reporting.

•  Law Enforcement Officers become targets of opportunity.

•  To best protect responding officers, inform them of the exact location of the shooter.

What are Active Shooting Incidents?


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Based on Jan 10, 2013 FBI Report: •  The shooter was male in 96

percent of cases analyzed. •  The shooter acted alone 96

percent of the time. •  Active shooter events most

commonly occurred in a workplace environment (37 percent) or academic setting (17 percent).

Who are Active Shooters?


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•  The shooter was deceased after 51 percent of these events.

•  45 percent of active shooters were arrested.

•  4 percent active shooters remain unidentified.

•  A clear motivation was never determined in 40 percent of cases analyzed.

More on Active Shooters


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•  Social isolates, harboring feelings of hate and anger, and/or had some reported contact with mental health professionals.

•  Very few had previous arrests for violent crimes.

•  Most common identified motivations were found to be: –  workplace retaliation (21%) –  domestic disputes (14%) –  academic retaliation by a

current or former student (7%).

More on Active Shooters


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Common catalysts or triggers observed include: •  Loss of significant

relationships •  Changes in financial status •  Loss of a job •  Changes in living

arrangements •  Major adverse changes to

life circumstances •  Feelings of humiliation or

rejection on the part of the shooter.

Why Do They Act?


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•  Reports do NOT indicate an increase in active shooter incidents in the U.S. from 2006 to 2012.

•  Active shooter incidents may have become more frequent since 2000.

•  Anecdotal evidence suggest mass shootings are getting more deadly.

Frequency


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A NYPD report also points to the Newtown massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School and to the Aurora, Colorado movie theater and Tucson shootings.

Frequency

Attacks between 1966 and Dec. 21, 2012

281

8 7 4 1 0

300 #

Atta

cks

US Can Ger GB S. Korea


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Recent Cases

In the most recent notable shooting, Adam Lanza, 20, was identified by authorities as the killer who fatally shot his mother in her home, gunned down 20 children and 6 adults at Sandy Hook Elementary School, and then committed suicide on December 14, 2012.


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Recent Cases

James Holmes, 24, is accused of shooting dead 12 people and wounding 58 others at a cinema Friday in Aurora, outside Denver, as young moviegoers packed the midnight screening of the latest Batman film, "The Dark Knight Rises."


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•  The average active shooter incident lasts 12.5 minutes.

•  Average law enforcement response time takes 18 minutes.

•  Acts of extreme violence often cannot be prevented, despite the best effort to do so.

•  Unless law enforcement is present at the time of an attack, there will always be a delay between initiation of violence and law enforcement response.

Reality


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•  In the time separating the first and last shots fired in Active Shooter incidents, the only individuals who have the capacity to react are the victims and potential victims.

•  The only individual predominantly in control during an Active Shooter incident is the shooter himself.

Reality


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1.  What is the agency’s responsibility?

2.  What steps and tactics should they plan for and take?

PSAP Agency Tactics and Responsibilities


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Pilots, like dispatchers, have a moral obligation to protect life. It is one of the responsibilities we signed up for. It is our commitment to public safety. Take control of the situation or the situation will control you.

# 1 Goal: Protect Life

Pilot “Sully” Sullenberger


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•  CHANGE IN POLICE TACTICS

•  Usual tactics of negotiations, containment, and isolation may not be appropriate for Active Shooter incidents

•  Immediate Action Rapid Deployment (IARD) is now the prescribed tactic for the Law Enforcement response.

The Active Shooter’s Intent: Kill and Injure


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•  Responders take a “Windshield View” as they rapidly assess the situation.

•  First arriving police units will set up a quick perimeter.

•  Based upon vital and accurate information from the dispatcher, officers will determine approach method and entry point.

Immediate Action Rapid Deployment


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•  Officers initiate immediate action to locate and stop the shooter’s action.

•  Go directly to the sounds of gun fire.

•  Do you know how your officers will approach?

Immediate Action Rapid Deployment


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•  Do you know what responders will do upon arrival?

•  Have you been involved in the planning?

•  Have you been advised of the training?

Plan for a Crisis: Active Shooter Response


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•  Know what your responders’ plans are. The information you obtain can very well establish what the responders will be directed to do.

•  Be prepared to field an overwhelming amount of calls.

•  Take all information, even if the description varies. •  Know that your responders are trained to seek out

the shooter and go directly to the sound of gunfire. Therefore, your most critical initial question will be to ask your caller, do you know where the shooter is now?

•  You may have to be innovative in trying to create a safe environment for victims and potential victims.

Plan for a Crisis: Active Shooter Response


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Coordinate response plans across police, fire, EMS, hospitals, school districts, and private sector. 1.  Review and update procedures. 2.  Raise awareness by conducting

training. 3.  Ensure the staff is aware of their

roles. 4.  Ensure that emergency

communications equipment is present and operable.

5.  Conduct exercises of emergency and crisis management plans.

PSAP Agency Tactics and Responsibilities


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Your responsibilities include: •  Updating information to

responders: –  Inform officers and backup

units of any potential threats –  Continually update your

police officers of any changes to the situation

•  Giving pre-arrival survival instructions to callers and advising your responders regarding what your callers have been instructed to do

Agency Responsibilities Should Include:


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Those caught in the crosshairs can exercise three possible scenarios: 1.  Evacuation 2.  Hiding 3.  Taking action:

attempting to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooter by throwing objects, using aggressive force, and yelling

Instructions to Callers


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•  Assess the caller’s environment for safety of all involved

•  Obtain an accurate description of scene

•  Work with the caller to make an unsafe scene more secure (barricade, escape)

•  Is defense an option for your caller?

Safe Environment: “Setting the Table”


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•  Make the scene safer for the caller and the officers.

•  “Are you calling from a cordless phone?” Does the caller have the ability to move around?

•  Call takers need to “set the table” for your responders and view the incident through the eyes of the caller. If possible, do everything to make an environment a safer environment. Sometimes, you might have to improvise. Be creative and think things out.

Safe Environment: “Setting the Table”


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•  Telecommunicators must strive to identify the suspect(s), but not lose focus on the victim.

•  Is it part of your job to assist in apprehending the suspect(s)?

•  Will the responder be able to identify the victim or caller?

•  Could the officer be endangered by the victim?

•  Are there victims and/or callers that may be armed as well?

Victim Focus


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•  Tell callers that help has been dispatched and to remain inside a secure area.

•  They may be a dangerous distraction for the responding officers.

•  The responders’ goal is to locate, contain, and stop the shooter.

•  What type of weapon and firepower will they encounter?

•  Remember the shooter’s goal is to kill and injure.

During the Law Enforcement Response


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•  Keep responders updated. •  Inform responders regarding the

location of reported sounds of gun shots

•  Gather information regarding all possible areas of egress and entrance to building.

•  NOTE: Schematics of office buildings and schools integrated with CAD and GIS would be extremely useful.

Preparing and Protecting Responders


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•  Inform responders when additional descriptions are received from other callers.

•  Remember each new caller is potentially a new witness, with new and changing information.



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Think in terms of potential multiples. •  Multiples will always

complicate the response •  Shooters, victims,

responders, agencies •  Do all responders speak

the same language? •  Use of 10-codes with

multiple agencies could lead to further confusion



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•  Obtain specific intelligence as it pertains to the exact location of the Active Shooter

•  Gain sufficient information from caller by applying the Journalistic Investigative Approach: 5W + H + W + H + I™ (especially location and weapons)

•  Think about "Victim Focus" and obtain information also related to the caller/victim –  Where are they specifically? –  Do they have any weapons?



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What’s in the Future? (from Naval Postgraduate School) •  Because the victims may be

the only ones available to act in time, a VIM system has been recently developed.

•  Victims initiate the system to trigger automated responses to protect victims and to corral the shooter.

•  Makes it easier for police officers to go direct-to-threat and neutralize the gunman.

Victim Initiated Mitigation (VIM) System


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•  Once initiated through an emergency call box installed in each room, the PSAP is alerted and two-way communications established.

•  Electromagnetic doors automatically release and lock.

•  Hand-held devices networked to the call boxes and distributed to first responders can provide situational awareness.



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•  Responding officers also carry key fobs that can open any locked door equipped with a proximity reader.

•  Throughout the incident, the agency communicates with potential victims and responding officers to give life-saving intelligence, such as where the active shooter is currently, while alerting the business or campus and what protocols to follow.



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•  FEMA – Active Shooter Lessons Learned Information Sharing. http://pwrp.hn/Z2UoDw

•  Department of Homeland Security – Active Shooter Preparedness. http://pwrp.hn/12RD09r

•  NYPD Active Shooter Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation (Dec. 2012). http://pwrp.hn/12RDufN

•  DHS – FBI Bulletin: Recent Active Shooter Bulletin (Dec. 2012). http://pwrp.hn/Z2VmQ3

Additional Resources


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Active Shooting Training by PowerPhone

•  Host or contract PowerPhone to provide this training at your location.

•  Deeper dive into critical material. Taught by subject matter experts.

•  ASR classes currently in 40+ US cities. Register online.

•  PowerPhone.com or 800.53.POWER for more info.


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Thank You!

Webinar Survey sent to you today. Link to recording sent to you later this week. Active Shooting Response Bulletin sent you on Feb. 26. Contact Us with any questions or feedback.

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Education

Active Shooter Response: What 911 Needs to Know. (A PowerPhone Webinar)