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Everything you need to know about MARC, but never thought to ask. (MARC = MAchine Readable Cataloging)
Citation preview
Dette er en presentasjon som er laget for et internt seminar om MARC ved seksjon for fellestjenester ved NTNU UB den 3. februar 2013. Utenfor denne konteksten kan den sikkert virke forvirrende her og der.
Noe av hovedbudskapet ved presentasjonen er at MARC har mange aspekter - utover den dalige omgangen med BIBSYS-MARC som dataregistreringsformat ved NTNU UB.
2014-02-03 [email protected]
000 $a 941081494
008 $a p $b v $c eng
020 $a 0-571-17192-3
082 $a 810
100 $a Friedman, Kinky
245 $a Elvis, Jesus & coca cola $c by Kinky Friedman
260 $a London $b Faber and Faber $c c1994
300 $a 197 s.
650 $a Elvis Presley impersonators $x Fiction
691 $a amerikansk-litteratur
740 $a Elvis, Jesus, and coca cola
Historikk
MARC I pilot (LC)MARC Distribution Service
USMARC og dialekter utvikler segUNITMARC
MARC 21 MARCXML
1966 1969 1976 1997 2002 .
Hva er egentlig et MARC-format (1)
Et konseptuelt (abstrakt) metadataskjema som beskriver dataelementer på to nivåer: felter og delfelter
- der feltene er navngitt med tresifrede tall og delfeltene navngitt med alfanumeriske tegn
- pluss mye mer, f.eks. regler for koding, tegnsett, feltverdier etc
Hva er egentlig et MARC-format (2)
Det som beskrives av MARC 21-standarden
Inkludert skilletegn!Inkludert ISO2709!
MARC 21A MARC record is composed of three elements: the record structure, the content designation, and the data content of the record. The record structure is an implementation of the international standard Format for Information Exchange (ISO 2709) and its American counterpart, Bibliographic Information Interchange (ANSI/NISO Z39.2). The content designation--the codes and conventions established explicitly to identify and further characterize the data elements within a record and to support the manipulation of that data--is defined by each of the MARC formats. The content of the data elements that comprise a MARC record is usually defined by standards outside the formats. Examples are the International Standard Bibliographic Description (ISBD), Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), or other cataloging rules, subject thesauri, and classification schedules used by the organization that creates a record. The content of certain coded data elements is defined in the MARC formats (e.g., the Leader, field 007, field 008).
http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdintro.html
Forskjellige formattyper
Bibliographic (MARC 21)Authority (MARC 21)Holdings (MARC 21)Classification (MARC 21)Community (MARC 21)Personennamen (MAB)Körperschaftsnamen (MAB)Schlagwörter (MAB)Bilder (BIBSYS)
Forskjellige bruksområder
Opprinnelig: Utveksling av MARC-poster
Seinere: Lagring, Registrering, Presentasjon
Utveksling
Spredning av katalogdata (MARC distributiuon service)Innsamling av katalogdata (til fysisk samkatalog)KopikatalogiseringInnholdsprodusentenes metadatatjenester (EBSCO)
Lagring
Egner MARC seg som lagringsformat?
Umulig å si ja eller nei
Registrering
Katalogiseringsprogram har mer eller mindre eksplisitt bruk av MARC-notasjon
Presentasjon
Egner MARC seg som presentasjonsformat?
Ja, hvis brukeren er katalogisator og brukstilfellet er MARC-katalogisering
Ellers ikke
Forskjellige varianter
MARCUSMARCNORMARCUNITMARCLIBRISMARCBIBSYSMARCINTERMARCCANMARCUNIMARC
danMARC2SWEMARCMARC 21MABBILDEMARC
Forskjellige eiere
MARCUSMARCNORMARCUNITMARCLIBRISMARCBIBSYSMARCINTERMARCCANMARCUNIMARC
MARC 21danMARC2SWEMARCMABBILDEMARC
LC
DB
KB
IFLA
BIBSYS
NLC/BNC
NB DBC
BnF
Hvorfor så mange forskjellige?
Godt spørsmål
Forskjellige kodinger
(linjeformat, utvekslingsformat (ISO 2709), XML, regneark etc)
Det fysiske formatet for digital koding av MARC-posten.
Også kalt serialisering.
NB: Av og til er ISO 2709 underforstått
Forskjellige kodinger
Noen kodinger tar mindre plass enn andre (ISO 2709 er mest kompakt)
Noen kodinger er mer menneskeligleselige enn andre (ISO 2709 er mest uforståelig)
Noen kodinger er lettere å behandle programmatisk enn andre
MARC Exchange format (ISO 2709)01355nam 2200313Ia 4500001001100000003000800011006001900019007001500038008004100053
020001500094040002100109035002000130050002100150100005400171245011400225260003900339
300002600378490006500404490003900469500006700508504005100575533015200626650002300778
655002900801710001700830830003000847830004000877856012400917ebr2003204CaPaEBRm
u cr cn|||||||||770615r19991948enka sb 001 0 eng d z0415175372 aCaP
aEBRcCaPaEBR a(OCoLC)7072056114aJA38b.L4 1999eb1 aLasswell, Harold D.q(Harold Dwigh
t),d1902-1978.14aThe analysis of political behaviorh[electronic resource] :ban empir
ical approach /cHarold Dwight Lasswell. aLondon :bRoutledge,c1999, c1948. aix, 314
p. :bdiagrs.1 aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;v21 aIntern
ational library of sociology aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubn
er, 1948. aIncludes bibliographical references and index. aElectronic reproduction
.bPalo Alto, Calif. :cebrary,d2009.nAvailable via World Wide Web.nAccess may be limi
ted to ebrary affiliated libraries. 0aPolitical science. 7aElectronic books.2local2
aebrary, Inc. 0aPolitical sociology ;v2. 0aInternational library of sociology.40uhtt
p://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/Doc?id=2003204zAn electronic book accessible through th
e World Wide Web; click to view
MarcEdit linjeformat=LDR 01355nam 2200313Ia 4500
=001 ebr2003204
=003 CaPaEBR
=006 m\\\\\\\\u\\\\\\\\
=007 cr\cn|||||||||
=008 770615r19991948enka\\\\sb\\\\001\0\eng\d
=020 \\$z0415175372
=040 \\$aCaPaEBR$cCaPaEBR
=035 \\$a(OCoLC)70720561
=050 14$aJA38$b.L4 1999eb
=100 1\$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260 \\$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300 \\$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490 1\$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2
=490 1\$aInternational library of sociology
=500 \\$aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.
=504 \\$aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
MARCXML<marc:collection xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
<marc:record>
<marc:leader>01355nam a2200313Ia 4500</marc:leader>
<marc:controlfield tag="001">ebr2003204</marc:controlfield>
<marc:controlfield tag="008">770615r19991948enka sb 001 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
<marc:datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
<marc:subfield code="z">0415175372</marc:subfield>
</marc:datafield>
<marc:datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
<marc:subfield code="a">Lasswell, Harold D.</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="q">(Harold Dwight),</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="d">1902-1978.</marc:subfield>
</marc:datafield>
<marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4">
<marc:subfield code="a">The analysis of political behavior</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource] :</marc:subfield>
<marc:subfield code="b">an empirical approach /</marc:subfield>
NORMARC linjeformat*000 $a040458520*008 $an$be$bv$ceng*020 $z0-415-17537-2*082d $a306.2*100 $aLasswell, Harold Dwight*245 $aThe analysis of political behavior$helektronisk ressurs$ban empirical approach$cHarold Dwight Lasswell$wanalysis of political behavior*260 $aLondon$bRoutledge$c1999, c1948*300 $aix, 314 s.$bdiagrs*440 $aInternational library of sociology$pPolitical sociology$v2*440 $aInternational library of sociology*500 $aOriginally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.*500 $aE-bok tilgjengelig for eierbibliotek via Internett*650 $aPolitical science
BIBSYS Linjeformat
Regneark
Eksempel mangler!
Tabeller egner seg generelt dårlig, fordi MARC-postene har
● Mange tomme felter (kolonner)● Mange repeterbare felter (kolonner)
Feltkoder, indikatorer, delfeltkoder=100 1\$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260 \\$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300 \\$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490 1\$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2
Indikatorer: Presisering (kvalifisering) av feltkoden
Feltkoder, hierarkisk hovedinndeling
Delfeltkoder, hierarkisk underinndeling
Leader og directory (2709)01355nam 2200313Ia 4500001001100000003000800011006001900019007001500038008004100053
020001500094040002100109035002000130050002100150100005400171245011400225260003900339
300002600378490006500404490003900469500006700508504005100575533015200626650002300778
655002900801710001700830830003000847830004000877856012400917ebr2003204CaPaEBRm
u cr cn|||||||||770615r19991948enka sb 001 0 eng d z0415175372 aCaP
aEBRcCaPaEBR a(OCoLC)7072056114aJA38b.L4 1999eb1 aLasswell, Harold D.q(Harold Dwigh
t),d1902-1978.14aThe analysis of political behaviorh[electronic resource] :ban empir
Leader: Metainformasjon om 2709-posten
Directory: Innholdsfortegnelse, dvs liste over de enkelte feltene i 2709-posten
Kontrollfelter (00X) og datafelterVariable control fields - The 00X fields. These fields are identified by a field tag in the Directory but they contain neither indicator positions nor subfield codes. The variable control fields are structurally different from the variable data fields. They may contain either a single data element or a series of fixed-length data elements identified by relative character position.Variable data fields - The remaining variable fields defined in the format. In addition to being identified by a field tag in the Directory, variable data fields contain two indicator positions stored at the beginning of each field and a two-character subfield code preceding each data element within the field.
(Denne språkbruken er relatert til ISO 2709).
Skilletegn=100 1\$aLasswell, Harold D.$q(Harold Dwight),$d1902-1978.
=245 14$aThe analysis of political behavior$h[electronic resource] :$ban empirical approach /$cHarold Dwight Lasswell.
=260 \\$aLondon :$bRoutledge,$c1999, c1948.
=300 \\$aix, 314 p. :$bdiagrs.
=490 1\$aInternational library of sociology. Political sociology ;$v2
Andre metadataformater
Her forstår vi metadata som brukes til beskrivelse av dokumenter, dvs bibliografiske data
Selve metadatabegrepet er ikke så lett å få tak på
Det som er data for noen er metadata for andre
Dublin Core <dc:title>The analysis of political behavior [electronic resource] : an empirical approach /</dc:title>
<dc:creator>Lasswell, Harold D.(Harold Dwight),1902-1978.</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>ebrary, Inc.</dc:creator>
<dc:type>text</dc:type>
<dc:type>Electronic books.local</dc:type>
<dc:publisher>London : Routledge,</dc:publisher>
<dc:date>1999, c1948.</dc:date>
<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
<dc:description>Originally published: London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1948.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Includes bibliographical references and index.</dc:description>
<dc:description>Electronic reproduction.</dc:description>
<dc:subject>Political science.</dc:subject>
<dc:identifier>http://site.ebrary.com/lib/ntnu/Doc?id=2003204</dc:identifier>
Mods <mods version="3.0">
<titleInfo>
<nonSort>The </nonSort>
<title>analysis of political behavior [electronic resource]</title>
<subTitle>an empirical approach</subTitle>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart>Lasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight)</namePart>
<namePart type="date">1902-1978</namePart>
<role>
<roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="corporate">
<namePart>ebrary, Inc</namePart>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre authority="marc">bibliography</genre>
<genre authority="local">Electronic books.</genre>
Katalogisering og MARC
Katalogiseringsreglene (f.eks. AACR el RDA) avgjør hvilke dataelementer som skal brukes
Metadataformatet (f.eks. BIBSYS-MARC) avgjør hvordan elementene beskrives
Kodingsformat (f.eks. ISO 2709) og tegnsett avgjør hvordan elementene kodes digitalt
FRBR : Dinas bokWork
Expression
Person
Manifestation
Person Item
FRBR : Kjøp 5 betal for 1001 $a 03077764x
008 $c fre $h fr $a p $b v
015 $a nf0308411
020 $a 2-910030-04-0 $b h.
082 $d 839.823[S]
100 $a Wassmo, Herbjørg
241 $a Dinas bok
245 $a Le livre de Dina $b roman
$c Herbjørg Wassmo ; traduit du norvégien par Luce Hinsch
$w livre de Dina
260 $a Larbey $b Gaïa editions $c 2003
300 $a 554 s.
096 $a NBO $c NA/A 2003:2083 $n 03ga07504
[ Person | Work | Expression | Manifestation | Item ]
Linked data, RDF, Bibframe, etc
BIBFRAME.ORG
This technical site for the Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME.ORG) serves as the official repository for the vocabulary, tools and shared code in support of BIBFRAME. Led by the Library of Congress, this community effort represents the beginning of a transition from the MARC 21 communication format to a new RDF-based data model, embracing Linked Data practices in support of sharing and publishing metadata.
Men hva er egentlig BIBFRAME
Et metadataskjema som kan erstatte MARC, inndelt i klassene
WorkInstanceAuthorityAnnotation
BIBFRAME er ikke i samme grad som MARC fokusert på “poster”
BIBFRAME<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<bf:Work rdf:about="http://id.loc.gov/resources/bibs/3333332" xmlns:bf="http://bibframe.org/vocab/">
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://bibframe.org/vocab/Text"/>
<bf:authorizedAccessPoint>Van Caspel, Paul. Bloomers on the Liffey : eisegetical readings of Joyce's Ulysses</bf:authorizedAccessPoint>
<bf:title>Bloomers on the Liffey : eisegetical readings of Joyce's Ulysses</bf:title>
<bf:workTitle>
<bf:Title>
<bf:titleValue>Bloomers on the Liffey :</bf:titleValue>
<bf:subtitle>eisegetical readings of Joyce's Ulysses /</bf:subtitle>
</bf:Title>
</bf:workTitle>
<bf:creator>
<bf:Person>
<bf:label>Van Caspel, Paul.</bf:label>
<bf:authorizedAccessPoint>Van Caspel, Paul.</bf:authorizedAccessPoint>
<bf:hasAuthority>
<madsrdf:Authority xmlns:madsrdf="http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#">
<madsrdf:authoritativeLabel>Van Caspel, Paul.</madsrdf:authoritativeLabel>
Om MARC-verktøy
Katalogiseringsprogram (blåskjerm etc)Konverteringsprogram (MARCedit etc)Protokollverktøy (OAI-PMH, SRU etc)
Om BIBSYS og NB sin rolle
NB: Vedlikeholder NORMARCBIBSYS: Vedlikeholder BIBSYS-MARC
BIBSYS vil også måtte få en rolle mht en “norsk utgave av MARC 21” til bruk i Alma
Spesielle BIBSYS-krav
Fokus på online-katalogLenkingIndikatorerEgne typeverdierSkilletegnEksemplardataLokale emne/klassSorteringsfelt
Photo: Till Krech http://www.flickr.com/photos/10508943@N00/125171884/
MARC must die(Roy Tennant, 2002)
It is a template for the printed card (245 $c)It has non-explicit semanticsIt is not really machine readableIt is not normalised: 020 $a 0394170660 (Random House : pbk.) :$c $4.95It has several data elements in one subfield, with punctuationIt has redundancy (008 + 245h)It is not one standard, but different flavorsIt is domain-specificIt is mixed up with cataloging rulesIt is focused on records, not data