Disagreement Managementfor increasing the organizational performance

of Humanity Inc.

Ambjörn NaeveKnowledge Management ResearchThe Royal Institute of Technology,

and Uppsala UniversitySweden

http:// kmr.nada.kth.se/wiki/Amb

TENCompetence Winter School,Innsbruck, 2 February, 2009

Some Techniques for Disagreement ManagementTraditional:

• Violence (war)• Diplomacy• Negotiations• Court trials• Obfuscation (hiding the conflict)• ….

Non-traditional:• Conceptual Calibration• Conceptual Bridging• Distributed Dialog Mapping• Mental Modeling• Systems Modeling• Values Modeling

Sharing

Culture

Knowledge

IntegratingProcess

People

Technology

Management

Knowledge

Continous Learning

Performance Organizational Increased

Functions

is to support the process of integratingpeople-, process-, and technology functionsin order to create a knowledge sharing culturethat supports continous learningaiming for increased organizational performance.

A Major Aim of Knowledge Management

Globally

Information

Age

Recorded Transmitted Annotated

Cuneiformwriting

Gutenbergprinting

Physicallymediated

Electronicallymediated

Archivinglibraries

SemanticWeb

The Globally Annotated Information Age

• from teacher-centric to learner-centric education.

• from doctor-centric to patient-centric health care.

• from bureaucrat-centric to citizen-centric administration.

• from government-centric to citizen-centric democracy.

• from producer-centric to consumer-centric business models.

enables a shift from knowledge push to knowledge pull:

enables a shift from hierarchy to ”widearchy”:• from opinion registration to opinion publication.

The Semantic Web information architecture

ModelsExplicitTacit Mental

AssumptionsFeelings Thoughts

Observe

“Maybe space”

Beliefs & Conscious

Act

Mental modeling

Human Cognition

The Space of Maybe

Ambjörn Naeve, San Francisco, 1976

The Maybe Spaces of Newton and Einstein

Ambjörn Naeve, San Francisco, 1976

Todayʼs

Web

• the information is distributed• anyone can link anything to anything• but• the information about the information is

• document-based (XML)• centralized (70% in data bases)

• the information about the information is

• graph-based (RDF)• distributed

• anyone can express opinions about anything in a machine-processable context

Semantic

A Knowledge Manifold

• is a structured information architecture that supports a number of different strategies for information hiding.

• can be considered as a patchwork of knowledge, with a number of linked “knowledge patches,” each with its own knowledge gardener.

• allows the user to ask questions and search for certified live knowledge sources.

• can be used to design learner-centric learning environments (PLEs) that support question-based learning. (“knowledge-pull based on interest”)

Pedagogical principles of the KM architecture

• Nobody can teach you anything. A good teacher can inspire you to learn.

• Your learning is enhanced by taking control of your own learning process.

• Your learning motivation is based on the experience of subject exitement and faith in your learning capacity from a live teacher.

• No ”problematic” questions can be answered in an automated way.• Respect for ignorance can only be upheld when the ignorant person is uneducated.

Seven Knowledge Roles in a Knowledge Manifold• Knowledge Cartographer

• Knowledge Composer

• Knowledge Librarian

• Knowledge Coach

• Knowledge Preacher

• Knowledge Plummer

• Knowledge Mentor

• constructs context-maps.

• fills context-maps with content-components.

• combines content-components into learning modules.

• cultivates questions.

• provides live answers.

• connects questions to relevant preachers.

• supplies motivation and supports self reflection.

We see the Human Semantic Webas a mixture between

conceptual and pictorial“information landscapes”

that are linked in the structure of

a Knowledge Manifoldand allowing “deep search”

for both concepts, contexts and content

The Human Semantic Web

The Human Semantic Web (“Web 3.0”)

Concept network

The Conceptual Web

Concept

RDF triple

The Machine Semantic Web

The Web

Conzilla

Content

Contexts

Concept

The Conzilla “Mantra”

Content in Contexts through Concept

= Outsides of Concept

= Inside of Concept= Border between these

Right-clicking on a concept or concept-relation brings up a menu with three choices: Contexts, Content, and Information.

• Selecting Contexts opens a sub-menu, which lists all the other contexts where this concept or concept-relation appears.

• Selecting Content opens a window (to the right) where the content-components of the concept or concept-relation are listed.

• Pointing to a content-component brings up information about it, and double-clicking on a content-component opens another window where the content is shown.

Conzilla (www.conzilla.org)

Disagreement Managementby Conceptual Calibrationfor bottom-up conceptual bridge-building

1. Agreeing on what we agree on.2. Agreeing on what we donʼt agree on.3. Documenting step 1 and step 2

in a way that we agree on.

Greatest advantage:Consensus does not have to be reached.

Source: Naeve, A., (2005) The Human Semantic Web - Shifting from Knowledge Push to Knowledge Pull

by conceptual bridgingConzilla: Disagreement Management

Conzilla: Disagreement Managementby conceptual bridging

by distributed dialogue mappingConzilla: Disagreement Management

by distributed dialogue mappingConzilla: Disagreement Management

Embryo of a global values model

Source: Naeve, A., (2005) The Human Semantic Web - Shifting from Knowledge Push to Knowledge Pull

Some Relevant Papers• Naeve, A., (2001) The Knowledge Manifold – an educationalarchitecture that supports inquiry-based customizableforms of e-learning, 2:nd European Conference on Web-BasedLearning Environments, Lund, October 24-26, 2001.http://kmr.nada.kth.se/papers/KnowledgeManifolds/KnowledgeManifold.pdf

• Naeve, A., (2001) The Concept Browser, a New Form of Knowledge Management Tool, Proc. of the 2:nd european conference on Web Based Learning Environments, Lund, Oct. 24-26, 2001.http://kmr.nada.kth.se/papers/ConceptualBrowsing/ConceptBrowser.doc• Naeve, A., (2005), The Human Semantic Web – Shifting from Knowledge Push to Knowledge Pull, International Journal of Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS) Vol 1, No. 3, pp. 1-30, July-September 2005, http://kmr.nada.kth.se/papers/SemanticWeb/HSW.pdf

Some Strategically Important Books• Muhammad Yunus (2007): Creating a World Without Poverty: Social Business and the Future of Capitalism.• Joel Kurtzman (1993): The Death of Money: How the Electronic Economy has Destabilized the Worldʼs Markets and Created Financial Chaos.

• James Martin (2006): The Meaning of the 21:st Century: A Vital Blueprint for Ensuring our Future.• Michael Shuman (2006): The Small-Mart Revolution: How Local Businesses are Beating the Global Competition.• E. F. Schumacher (1973): Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered.

• George Soros (1998): The Crisis of Global capitalism: Open Society Endangered.

• Peter Senge (1990, 2006): The Fifth Discipline. • Peter Senge, Claus-Otto Scharmer, et. al., (2006): Presence, An Exploration of Profound Change in People, Organizations, and Society

Some Conzilla maps (Download Conzilla at www.conzilla.org)

Humanity Inc.:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/humanity-inc/layoutCM#e7e2ec115741c42d0

Ambjörnʼs maps:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/TEL-research-community/presentation/CM#ea00241132f2d1e2c

Threats to - and Possibilites for - the Survival of Humanity:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/humanity-inc/layout/contextmap#3624493c11c88c988e91c2dA Major Aim of Knowledge Management:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/KLM/layoutCM#af678c11586cfeefcSelfish and Unselfish Knowledge:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/humanity-inc/layoutCM#76358a115a4478b6cThe Big Switch:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/humanity-inc/layoutCM#76358a115a4478b6cThe Small-Mart Revolution:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/humanity-inc/layout/contextmap#-210ea64811c80d34cbf19feSystemic Patterns:http://org/conzilla/people/amb/systems-modeling/CM#e919f51133f838881245Asynchronous Public Service:http://www.conzilla.org/people/amb/KLM/layout/contextmap#54ab461511afa5bf6eb