An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction

ObjectOrientedDesign

Classes andMethods

Messages,InstancesandInitialization

InheritanceandSubstitution

SubclassesandSubtypes

AN INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT ORIENTED

PROGRAMMING (OOP)A COURSE OUTLINE

Muhammad Adil Raja

Roaming Researchers, Inc.

cbndMarch 31, 2015

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OUTLINE I

1 INTRODUCTION

2 ABSTRACTION

3 OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN

4 CLASSES AND METHODS

5 MESSAGES, INSTANCES AND INITIALIZATION

6 INHERITANCE AND SUBSTITUTION

7 SUBCLASSES AND SUBTYPES

8 STATIC AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR

9 IMPLICATIONS OF SUBSTITUTION

10 MULTIPLE INHERITANCE

11 POLYMORPHISM AND SOFTWARE REUSE

12 OVERLOADING

13 OVERRIDING

14 THE POLYMORPHIC VARIABLE

15 GENERICS

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OUTLINE II

16 CONTAINER CLASSES

17 FRAMEWORKS

18 OBJECT INTERCONNECTIONS

19 DESIGN PETTERNS

20 REFLECTION AND INTROSPECTION

21 DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS

22 IMPLEMENTATION

23 REFERENCES

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




INTRODUCTION I

What is OOP?

Why is it popular?

Benefits of OOP.

Messages and methods.

Hierarchies and inheritance.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




ABSTRACTION I

Layers of abstraction.

Encapsulation and interchangeability.

Interface and Implementation.

Abstract data types.

Messages, inheritance and polymorphism.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OBJECT ORIENTED DESIGN I

Components.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




CLASSES AND METHODS I

Encapsulation.Class definitions.C++, Java, and C-sharp.Methods.Constant and immutable data fields.Separating definition and implementation.Variations on Class themes.Methods without classes.Interfaces.Properties.Forward definitions.Inner or nested classes.Class data fields.Classes as objects.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




MESSAGES, INSTANCES AND INITIALIZATION I

Message-passing syntax.

Statically and dynamically typed languages.

Accessing the receiver from within method.

Object creation.

Creation of arrays of objects.

Pointers and memory allocation.

Memory recovery.

COnstructors.

The orthodox canonical class form.

Constant values.

Destructors and finalizers.

Metaclasses.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




INHERITANCE AND SUBSTITUTION I

An intuitive description of inheritance.

The is-a test.

Reasons to use inheritance.

Inheritance in various languages.

Subclass, subtype, and substitution.

Substitution and strong typing.

Overriding and virtual methods.

Interfaces and abstract classes.Forms of inheritance.

1 Subclassing for specialization (subtyping).2 Subclassing for specification.3 Subclassing for construction.4 Subclassing for generalization.5 Subclassing for extension.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




INHERITANCE AND SUBSTITUTION II

6 Subclassing for limitation.7 Subclassing for variance.8 Subclassing for combination.9 SUmmary.

Variations on inheritance.

Anonymous classes in Java.

Inheritance and constructors.

Virtual destructors.

The benefits of inheritance.

Virtual destructors.The benefits of inheritance.

1 Software reusability.2 Code sharing.3 Consistency of inheritance.4 Software components.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




INHERITANCE AND SUBSTITUTION III

5 Rapid prototyping.6 Polymorphism and frameworks.7 Information hiding.

The costs of inheritance.1 Execution speed.2 Program size.3 Message-passing overhead.4 Program complexity.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




SUBCLASSES AND SUBTYPES I

Substitutability.

Subtypes.

The substitutability paradox.

Subclassing for construction.

Dynamically typed languages.

Pre- and Postconditions.

Refinement semantics.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




STATIC AND DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR I

Static versus dynamic typing.

Static and dynamic classes.

Runtime type determination.

Down casting (reverse polymorphism).

Run-time testing without language support.

Testing message understanding.

Static versus dynamic method binding.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




IMPLICATIONS OF SUBSTITUTION I

Memory layout.

Minimum static space allocation.

Maximum static space allocation.

Dynamic memory allocation.

Assignment.

Assignment in C++

Copies and clones.

Copies in Smalltalk and Objective-C.

Copy constructors in C++.

Cloning in java.

Equality.

Equality and identity.

The paradoxes of equality testing.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




MULTIPLE INHERITANCE I

Inheritance as categorization.

Incomparable complex numbers.

Problems arising from multiple inheritance.

Name ambiguity.

Multiple inheritance of interfaces.

Inheritance from common ancestors.

Inner classes.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




POLYMORPHISM AND SOFTWARE REUSE I

Polymorphism in programming languages.

Mechanisms for software reuse.

Using composition.

Using inheritance.

Efficiency and polymorphism.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OVERLOADING I

Type signatures and scopes.

Overloading based on scopes.

Overloading based on type signatures.

Redefinition.

Multi-methods.

Overloading based on values.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OVERRIDING I

Notating overriding.

Replacement versus refinement.

Deferred methods.

Covariance and contravariance.

Variations in overriding.

FInal methods in java.

Versioning in C-sharp.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




THE POLYMORPHIC VARIABLE I

Simple polymorphic variables.

The receiver variable.

Downcasting.

Pure polymorphism.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




GENERICS I

Template functions.

Template classes.

Inheritance in template arguments.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




CONTAINER CLASSES I

Containers in dynamically types languages.

Containers in statically types languages.

Restricting element types.

Element traversal.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




FRAMEWORKS I

Reuse and specialization.

An upside-down abstractions.

Example frameworks.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




OBJECT INTERCONNECTIONS I

Coupling and cohesion.

Subclass clients and user clients.

Control of access and visibility.

Intentional dependency.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




DESIGN PATTERNS I

Controlling information flow.

Describing patterns.

Iterator.

Software factory.

Strategy.

Singleton.

Composite.

Decorator.

The double-dispatching pattern.

Flyweight.

Proxy.

Facade.

Observer.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




REFLECTION AND INTROSPECTION I

Mechanisms for understanding.

Methods as objects.

Mechanisms for for modification.

Metaclasses.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




DISTRIBUTED OBJECTS I

Addresses, ports and sockets.

A simple client/server program.

Multiple clients.

Transmitting objects over a network.

Providing more complexity.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




IMPLEMENTATION I

Compilers and interpreters.

The receiver as argument.

Inherited methods.

Overridden methods.

Name encoding.

Dispatch tables.

Bytecode interpreters.

Just-in-time compilation.

AnIntroduction

to ObjectOriented

Programming

MuhammadAdil Raja

Introduction

Abstraction


Classes andMethods




REFERENCES I

An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming,Timothy Budd.

http://www.slideshare.net/madilraja/an-introduction-to-object-oriented-programming

Education

An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming