AN ORGANIZATION STUDY AT INDIAN RAILWAYS (SOUTHERN ZONE) Submitted to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Submitted by BOBY JAMES (Reg. No. 62708) Under the Guidance of MR.SUDHEESH V.C Asst.Proffessor: RANI VARGHEESE Sr.DCM/TVC (Company Guide) Faculty Guide DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MUSALIAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT PATHANAMTHITTA 2014-2016
1. AN ORGANIZATION STUDY AT INDIAN RAILWAYS (SOUTHERN ZONE)
Submitted to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of
Master of Business Administration (MBA) Submitted by BOBY JAMES
(Reg. No. 62708) Under the Guidance of MR.SUDHEESH V.C
Asst.Proffessor: RANI VARGHEESE Sr.DCM/TVC (Company Guide) Faculty
Guide DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES MUSALIAR INSTITUTE OF
MANAGEMENT PATHANAMTHITTA 2014-2016
2. MUSALIAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
PATHANAMTHITTA CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this report,
based on the organization study conducted by BOBY JAMES, second
semester MBA student of our college for 30 days starting from 18th
May 2015 at INDIAN RAILWAYS (SOUTHERN ZONE) is a bonafide report
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Business Administration of Mahatma Gandhi University,
Kottayam. Prof. Rani Varghese Prof. Prakash Nair Faculty Guide Head
of the Department EXTERNAL EXAMINER
3. DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project report titled
Organizational Study at INDIAN RAILWAYS has been prepared by me
during the academic year 2014 - 2015, under the guidance of Prof.
Rani Varghese, Department of Management Studies, Musaliar College
of Engineering and Technology, Pathanamthitta. I also hereby
declare that this project report has not been submitted to any
other University or institute for the award of any degree or
diploma. Pathanamthitta BOBY JAMES Date.
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The elation and gratification of this
organization study will be incomplete without mentioning all who
helped me to make it possible, whose encouragement and guidance
were valuable to me throughout conducting the organizational study.
First and foremost I thank God Almighty for giving me the ability
to do this study and make the venture a success. I express my
sincere thanks to my guide at INDIAN RAILWAY, Mr. Sudheesh V.C
(Senior Divisional Commercial Manager Trivandrum Division) for
providing the necessary guidelines to conduct the study at the
organization. I am also thankful to all the department heads for
their valuable suggestions and constructive criticism throughout
the preparation of the report. I am obliged to my Guide Prof. Rani
Varghese for her valuable guidance and help throughout the
completion of the study. I extent my thanks to all the lecturers
and staff members of the Department of Management Studies for their
tireless help. Last but not least I express my sincere gratitude to
my parents and friends for their constant help and encouragement
and valuable prayers motivating me mentally for the successful
completion of this organization study.
5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter No: Particulars Page No: 1 1.
Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the study 1.2 Significance of the study
1.3 Objectives of the study 1.4 Methodology of the study 1.5
Limitations of the study 1.6 Period of the study 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 2.
Industry profile 4 3 3. Company profile 3.1 Product & service
profile 3.2 Organizational structure 3.2.1 Subsidiaries companies
3.2.2 Functional braches 3.2.3 Organizational chart 8 16 24 27 39
59 4 4. Departmental analysis 4.1 Accounts Department 4.2
Commercial Department 4.3 Electrical Department 4.4 Engineering
Department 4.5 Medical Department 4.6 Personnel Department 4.7
Stores Department 4.8 Signal & Telecom Department 4.9 Security
Department 4.10 Construction Organization 4.11 Vigilance
Organization 4.12 Safety Department 4.13 Public Relations
Department 4.14 Mechanical Department 60 61 64 68 72 75 78 88 93
102 106 107 111 114 116 5 SWOT analysis 122 6 Findings &
suggestions 124 7 Conclusion 126 8 Bibliography 127
6. LIST OF TABLES Table No: TITLE Page No: 1 Strength of
railway employees 2013-14 11 2 Key statistics 2013-14 12 3 Revenue
of Indian railway 2013-14 13 4 Types of passenger services 17 5
Accommodation classes 19 6 Indian railway zones 26 7 Functions of
engineering officers 72 8 Railway codes & manuals used by
mechanical department 117 9 Productions units of mechanical
department 118 10 Indian railway workshops 118
7. LIST OF FIGURES Fig. No: TITLE Page No: 1 Revenue of Indian
railway 2013-14 13 2 Indian railway zone map 14 3 System map of
southern railway 15 4 Organizational structure hierarchy 24 5
Organizational structure chart 59 6 Accounts department hierarchy
63 7 Commercial department hierarchy 67 8 Electrical department
hierarchy 70 9 Status of Indian railway electrification 71 10
Engineering department hierarchy 74 11 Medical department hierarchy
77 12 Personnel department hierarchy 87 13 Signal & telecom
department hierarchy 101 14 Vigilance department hierarchy 110 15
Safety department hierarchy 113 16 Public relations department
hierarchy 115 17 ISO certificates 120 18 Mechanical department
hierarchy 121
8. IF YOU NEED FULL COPY OF THIS REPORT IN ANY FORMAT CONTACT:
BOBY JAMES Mob: +91-8129230792 e-mail:[email protected]
9. INRODUCTION The role played by the Indian Railways in our
countrys socio-political development is indisputable. Apart from
its stated duty of transporting men and goods across the length and
breadth of the country, it has played a stellar role in times of
natural and man-made disasters. The role of the railways becomes
even more crucial to the development of the country as we enter the
21st century and the pace of the growth of the economy accelerates.
The need for a efficient transportation sector would become more
crucial with every passing year. Thus it is necessary for the
Railways to remain competitive, in terms of both cost and quality
of services, to ensure an efficiently functioning transport sector
in the country. Transport is the lifeline of any developing
economy. The growth and development of any nation truly rests on
the growth of its transport sector. Transport provides access to
opportunities, supports economic activities, and facilitates social
interactions. Indias transport sector is large and diverse and
caters to the needs of about 1.03 billion people (Government of
India, 2001). Transport sector in India can be classified under
three broad categories depending upon the lead distances, namely
urban and sub-urban; regional and national; and international
transport. The transport system in the country comprises of a
number of distinct modes and services including roads, railways,
air, inland water transport, coastal shipping, and pipelines. The
transport sectors contribution to Indias GDP was 6.6% in 2006-07.
Out of which, share of railways stands at 1.2% for the period.
Transport by other means (road, air and water) constitute 5.4% of
the GDP. Road sector has emerged as the most dominant sector
amongst all the modes. The share of roads, railways and air in
passenger transport in India in 2006-07 stood at 86.7%, 12.9% and
0.4% respectively. In freight transport, the share of roads,
railways, maritime and air stands at 61.2%, 38.6%, 0.2% and 0.02%
respectively in 2006-07. European development economists have
argued that the existence of modern rail infrastructure is a
significant indicator of a country's economic advancement: this
perspective is illustrated notably through the Basic Rail
Transportation Infrastructure Index (known as BRTI Index). India is
a land of diverse culture, and Railways play a key role in not only
meeting the transport needs of the country, but also in binding
together dispersed areas and promoting national integration. Indian
Railways have emerged as the sinews of the Indian economy, and have
reached out to bring together the great Indian family. An Indian
railway was first introduced in India in the year 1853 by East
India Company. Indian Railways have been the prime movers to the
Nation and have the distinction of being one of the largest railway
systems in the world under a single management. As compared to road
transport, the Railway has a number of intrinsic
10. advantages. Indian Railways, therefore, rightly occupy
pride of place in the growth and development of the nation. 1.1
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose or scope of the study includes
familiarization for organization in all business aspects. The
organizational study as INDIAN RAILWAY, Sothern Division provided
an on hand experience on the various business practices existing in
the organization and was done over a period of 30 days. 1.2
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Having become one of the most prevalent
debates in recent years, organisational related studies have become
a major topic of study nowadays. Organisation as defined as a
consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people
that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common
goal or set of goals. So we can see that individuals, walking under
the flag of organisation are valuable resources to the firm. It is
totally impossible to find an organisation without manpower. So ,
as long as organisations are consisted of individuals, it is very
important to know and learn about these fundamental elements of the
firms. And that is the reason the concept of organisational
behaviour is a major field of study of these days. Organisational
behaviour is defined as a field of study that investigates the
impact that individuals, groups , and structure have on behaviour
with in organizations effectiveness. Or in other words, it is the
study of what people think, feel, and do in and organisations. 1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the organisational study
in INDIAN RAILWAYS are To familiarize with the organisation
structure and its functioning To study about different departments
and their functions and activities To find the policies and
procedures of the organisation To know about the strength,
weakness, opportunities and threats of the organisation To analyse
the problems faced by the organisation To study the overall
performance of the organisation
11. 1.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY There are two types of data
used for this study: Primary sources Secondary sources Primary data
for this study is collected by direct interview with the divisional
railway manager and heads of different departments and staffs on
Indian railway. Primary data is collected through interview and
observation. Secondary data for this study is collected from the
Railway publications, Annual reports, websites, circulars, and
internal documents. In addition to these articles data are
collected from journals, books, magazines, internet etc. 1.5
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY There were some limitations present in the
study conducted during the period. They are as follows: The study
is conducted within a short period of time and thus time is a major
limiting factor to make a detailed study and analysis about the
organisation. The study is limited to my experience and knowledge.
The study is made about only one enterprise and therefore interfere
comparison is not possible Although there were sufficient supports
from the staff of the company, a additional tight work schedule
prevented from giving additional information. There is restriction
on the supply of data to maintain securely on various matters
relating to their business 1.6 PERIOD OF THE STUDY The study was
conducted for the period of 30 days (18-May-2015 to
18-June-2015)
12. INDUSTRY PROFILE The railway industry encompasses not only
the operating railway companies and transit authorities, but also
the various government regulatory agencies, railway associations,
professional organizations, manufacturers and suppliers of
locomotives, railcars, maintenance work equipment and track
materials, consultants, contractors, educational institutes and,
most important of all, the shipping customers. Government owned
freight railways are nowadays limited to some regional lines where
transportation service must be protected for the economic well
being of the communities. Passenger railways, on the other hand,
are generally owned by governments. Transcontinental services, such
as the Amtrak or VIA Rail in Canada, are corporations solely owned
by the respective Federal Governments. These passenger railway
companies normally do not own the trackage infrastructures. Except
for certain connecting routes and dedicated high-speed corridors,
they merely operate the passenger equipment on existing tracks
owned by freight railways. Local rapid transit systems are usually
operated as public utilities by the individual municipalities or
transit authorities on their own trackage. Commuter services may be
operated by government agencies or private sector on either their
own or other railway owned trackage. Freight railways in North
America, including those owned by government, are usually
incorporated as separate legal entities from their owning
shareholders. The major railroads are usually owned by public
companies with shares traded through the various stock exchanges.
Due to their age, most of these companies were incorporated under
special charters or acts of Congress. Private companies, the shares
of which are not openly traded, may own the smaller regional or
short line railroads. Rail transport is a means of conveyance of
passengers and goods, by way of wheeled vehicles running on rails.
It is also commonly referred to as train transport. The United
States has the world's longest railway network, followed by China
and India. The US rail network, with an operating route length over
250,000km, is the biggest in the world. Freight lines constitute
about 80% of the country's total rail network, while the total
passenger network spans about 35,000km. The US freight rail network
consists of 538 railroads (seven Class I railroads, 21 regional
railroads, and 510 local railroads) operated by private
organisations. Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway are among
the largest freight railroad networks in the world. The national
passenger rail network Amtrak comprises of more than 30 train
routes connecting 500 destinations across 46 American states. A
plan is in place to build a
13. 27,000km national high speed rail system in four phases by
2030. Construction of the California high-speed rail, the country's
first high-speed rail project, was well underway by the beginning
of 2014. Three more high-speed projects including the Midwest
high-speed rail line connecting Chicago with Indianapolis or St.
Louis, Texas high-speed rail, and the Northeast High-Speed Corridor
are under development. China's rail network, with a route length of
over 100,000km, ranks as the second biggest rail network in the
world. The extensive network, operated by state-owned China Railway
Corporation, carried 2.08 billion passengers (the second highest
after Indian Railways) and 3.22 billion tonnes of freight (the
second highest after the US railway network) in 2013. Rail is the
principal mode of transport in China. The country's rail network
consists of over 90,000km of conventional rail routes and
approximately 10,000km of high-speed lines. The total rail network
of the country is targeted to exceed 270,000km by 2050. The rapid
expansion of China's high-speed rail network in recent years makes
it by far the largest in the world. The 2,298km Beijing Guangzhou
high speed line is the world's longest high-speed railway line. The
total length of China's high- speed rail network is projected to
reach 50,000km by 2020. Russia's whole network, operated by
state-owned monopoly Russian Railways (RZD), runs for over
85,500km. In 2013, the network carried 1.08 billion passengers and
1.2 billion tonnes of freight - the third highest freight volume
after the US and China. The Russian railway network incorporates12
main lines, many of which provide direct connections to the
European and Asian national railway systems such as Finland,
France, Germany, Poland, China, Mongolia and North Korea. The
Trans-Siberian Railway (the Moscow-Vladivostok line), spanning a
length of 9,289km, is the longest and one of the busiest railway
lines in the world. RZD introduced the Sapsan high-speed rail
service between St. Petersburg and Moscow in 2009, but it has not
proved successful due to sharing existing lines with low-speed
train operations. A dedicated high-speed corridor between the two
cities has been planned with a proposed investment of $35bn. RZD
expects to have 2,500km of high-speed rail between Moscow and Kiev,
Minsk and Kursk by 2015. Canada's 48,000km of rail lines makes its
national network the fifth longest in the world. Canadian National
Railway (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) are the two major
freight rail networks operating in the country, while Via Rail
operates the 12,500km intercity passenger rail service. Algoma
Central Railway and Ontario Northland Railway are among the other
smaller railways providing passenger services to certain rural
areas in the country. Three Canadian cities - Montreal, Toronto and
Vancouver - have extensive commuter train systems. In addition, the
Rocky Mountaineer and
14. Royal Canadian Pacific offer luxury rail tours to view the
scenic beauty of certain mountainous areas in the country. Canada,
however, does not have a single high-speed line on its railway
network. Many high-speed lines such as Toronto-Montreal, Calgary-
Edmonton and Montreal-Boston have been proposed, but none of these
have progressed beyond preliminary studies as of January 2014.
State-owned Deutshe Bahn dominates Germany's 41,000km railway
network, accounting for about 80% of the total freight traffic and
99% of the long-distance passenger traffic. More than 150 private
railway companies apart from Deutshe Bahn operate on the network,
providing regional passenger and freight services. The SBahn serves
major suburban areas, while the Hamburg Cologne Express (HKX) is
the major long-distance passenger operator after Deutshe Bahn. The
German railway network had more than 1,300km of high-speed railway
track operational as of mid-2013 and more than 400km of new
high-speed line under construction. Deutshe Bahn opened high-speed
services, under the name Intercity Express (ICE), for the first
time in 1991. The high-speed network, operated at speeds up to
320km/h, now connects major German cities and neighbouring
countries. The Australian railway network is the world's seventh
longest at more than 40,000km. Most of the railway network
infrastructure is owned and maintained by the Australian government
either at the federal or state level. The majority of the trains on
the network are, however, operated by private companies Aurizon
(formerly QR National), Genesee and Wyoming Australia, and Pacific
National are among the major freight operators on the network.
Great Southern Railway, NSW Train Link and Queensland Rail are the
leading long-distance passenger rail operators. Metro Trains
Melbourne, Sydney Trains, V/Line and Adelaide Metro operate
commuter passenger services in major suburban areas. In addition, a
number of private mining railways operate in the country. The
Australian railway network does not have a high-speed line yet. A
high-speed rail network connecting Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and
Melbourne is proposed to be built with an estimated capital cost of
$114bn, but the first phase of the 1,748km high-speed network will
not be realised before 2035. Argentina's current rail network
spanning over 36,000km in length ranks the eighth largest in the
world. Argentina used to have about 47,000km of rail network at the
end of the Second World War, mostly operated by British and
French-owned railway companies. But the decline of profits and the
rise of highway construction in the subsequent decades reduced the
network to the 36,000km of line that exists today. The railway
companies operating on the network were nationalised in 1948
with
15. the creation of the state railroad corporation
Ferrocarriles Argentinos. The Argentinean railway was privatised
between 1992 and 1995 with the grant of concessions to different
private companies for operating six divisions of the formerly
state-owned rail network. Cities such as Buenos Aires, Resistencia
and Mendoza offer extensive suburban passenger services, as well as
the long distance passenger lines in the country. The much
talked-about Argentine high-speed railway is not a reality yet. An
announcement was made in 2006 to develop a 310km high-speed line
between Buenos Aires and Rosario. The project was, however, not
implemented as of 2013. A second high-speed line stretching 400km
between Rosario and Cordoba has also been proposed. At 29,000km,
the French railway network is the second biggest in Europe and the
ninth biggest in the world. The French railway network is
predominantly passenger-centric and more than 50% of the country's
lines are electrified. State-owned Socit Nationale des Chemins de
fer Franais (SNCF) is the principal railway operator in the
country. The country's high-speed long distance passenger services
are known as Train Grande Vitesse (TGV) and the standard
long-distance passenger services are branded Intercits. The short
and middle distance passenger rail services are known as Transport
Express Rgional (TER). The network offers linkages to adjacent
countries such as Belgium, Italy and the UK. France was one of the
early adopters of high-speed rail technology; SNCF brought into
operation the TGV high-speed rail in 1981. The country's current
high-speed network exceeds a length of 1,550km. The Tours- Bordeaux
high-speed rail project, which is due for completion in 2017, will
add another 302km into the network. The first railway line in
Brazil became operational in 1984. The railway network was
nationalised in 1957 with the creation of Rede Ferroviria Federal
Sociedade Annima (RFFSA). The country's railway network was divided
into different services to be operated by a range of private and
public operators by 2007. The 28,000km network is predominantly
freight-focussed and includes major iron ore rail lines. The
country's passenger rail services are mostly concentrated in urban
and suburban areas. Eight Brazilian cities have metro systems, So
Paulo Metro being the biggest among them. In 2012, the Brazilian
government announced the construction of 10,000km of new lines
comprised of freight and high-speed passenger lines by 2042. A
511km high-speed rail link between So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro has
been planned for development in the country, but the project is yet
to take off.
16. COMPANY PROFILE Indian Railways (reporting mark IR / . ) is
an Indian state owned enterprise, owned and operated by the
Government of India through the Ministry of Railways. It is one of
the world's largest railway networks comprising 115,000 km (71,000
mi) of track over a route of 65,436 km (40,660 mi) and 7,172
stations. In 2014-15, IR carried 8.397 billion passengers annually
or more than 23 million passengers a day (roughly half of whom were
suburban passengers) and 1050.18 million tons of freight in the
year. In 20142015 Indian Railways had revenues of 1634.50 billion
(US$26 billion) which consists of 1069.27 billion (US$17 billion)
from freight and 402.80 billion (US$6.4 billion) from passengers
tickets. Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853
from Mumbai to Thane. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one
unit, the Indian Railways, becoming one of the largest networks in
the world. IR operates both long distance and suburban rail systems
on a multi-gauge network of broad, metre and narrow gauges. It also
owns locomotive and coach production facilities at several places
in India and are assigned codes identifying their gauge, kind of
power and type of operation. Their operations cover twenty nine
states and seven union territories and also provide limited
international services to Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Indian
Railways is the world's seventh largest commercial or utility
employer, by number of employees, with over 1.307 million employees
as of last published figures in 2013 .As for rolling stock, IR
holds over 239,281 Freight Wagons, 62,924 Passenger Coaches and
9,013 Locomotives (43 steam, 5,345 diesel and 4,568 electric
locomotives).The trains have a 5 digit numbering system and runs
12,617 passenger trains and 7421 freight trains daily. As of 31
March 2013, 20,884 km (12,977 mi) (31.9%) of the total 65,436 km
(40,660 mi) route length was electrified. Since 1960, almost all
electrified sections on IR use 25,000 Volt AC traction through
overhead catenary delivery.
17. HISTORY OF INDIAN RAILWAYS The history of rail transport in
India began in the mid-nineteenth century. The core of the pressure
for building Railways in India came from London. In 1848, there was
not a single kilometre of railway line in India. The country's
first railway, built by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR),
opened in 1853, between Bombay and Thane. A British engineer,
Robert Maitland Brereton, was responsible for the expansion of the
railways from 1857 onwards. The Allahabad-Jabalpur branch line of
the East Indian Railway had been opened in June 1867. Brereton was
responsible for linking this with the GIPR, resulting in a combined
network of 6,400 km (4,000 mi). Hence it became possible to travel
directly from Bombay to Calcutta. This route was officially opened
on 7 March 1870 and it was part of the inspiration for French
writer Jules Verne's book Around the World in Eighty Days. At the
opening ceremony, the Viceroy Lord Mayo concluded that it was
thought desirable that, if possible, at the earliest possible
moment, the whole country should be covered with a network of lines
in a uniform system. By 1875, about 95 million were invested by
British companies in India guaranteed railways. By 1880 the network
had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 mi), mostly radiating
inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and
Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives,
and in 1896, sent engineers and locomotives to help build the
Uganda Railways. In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned
company. The network spread to the modern day states of Ahom
Kingdom, Rajputhana and Madras Presidency and soon various
autonomous kingdoms began to have their own rail systems. In 1905,
an early Railway Board was constituted, but the powers were
formally vested under Lord Curzon. It served under the Department
of Commerce and Industry and had a government railway official
serving as chairman, and a railway manager from England and an
agent of one of the company railways as the other two members. For
the first time in its history, the Railways began to make a profit.
In 1907 almost all the rail companies were taken over by the
government. The following year, the first electric locomotive made
its appearance. With the arrival of World War I, the railways were
used to meet the needs of the British outside India. With the end
of the war, the railways were in a state of disrepair and collapse.
In 1920, with the network having expanded to 61,220 km (38,040 mi),
a need for central management was mooted by Sir William Acworth.
Based on the East India Railway Committee chaired by Acworth, the
government took over the management of the Railways and detached
the finances of the Railways from other
18. governmental revenues. The period between 1920 and 1929,
was a period of economic boom; there were 41,000 mi (66,000 km) of
railway lines serving the country; the railways represented a
capital value of some 687 million sterling; and they carried over
620 million passengers and approximately 90 million tons of goods
each year. Following the Great Depression, the railways suffered
economically for the next eight years. The Second World War
severely crippled the railways. Starting 1939, about 40% of the
rolling stock including locomotives and coaches was taken to the
Middle East, the railways workshops were converted to ammunitions
workshops and many railway tracks were dismantled to help the
Allies in the war. By 1946, all rail systems had been taken over by
the government. On 23 April 2014, Indian Railways introduced a
mobile app system to track train schedules. VISION STATEMENT OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS Indian Railways shall provide efficient,
affordable, customer-focused and environmentally sustainable
integrated transportation solutions. It shall be a vehicle of
inclusive growth, connecting regions, communities, ports and
centres of industry, commerce, tourism and pilgrimage across the
country. The reach and access of its services will be continuously
expanded and improved by its integrated team of committed,
empowered and satisfied employees and by use of cutting-edge
technology. Competition Analysis Transportation Industry in India
Indian Railways has monopoly in medium-long distance travelling
passengers in India. But, when we take whole transport industry, it
faces stiff competition by following means of transportation:
Roadways Indian Roadways network carry almost 90% of countrys
passenger traffic and 65% of freight. Roadways are widely used for
short and medium distances by passengers. But, the quality of the
roadways network is subjected to locations. It is not uniformly
good or well maintained. Roadways include mainly bus and taxi
services for passengers. India had a road network of over 4.42
million Kms. in 2011, making it one of the three largest road
networks in the world. India's roads are a mix of modern highways
and narrow, unpaved roads. As of 2008, 49 percent - about 2.1
million kilometers - of Indian roads were paved. India has less
than 4 kilometers of roads per 1000 people, including all its paved
and unpaved roads.
19. Aviation Air travel has become more affordable but airline
services are limited to metro cities in India. It is frequently
used for long distance travelling and in cases of limited time of
travel. At present, there are 125 airports, including 11
international airports. Ports Currently, there are 12 major and 187
minor and intermediate ports along its more than 7500 km long
coastline. Inland water transportation remains largely undeveloped
despite India's 14,000 kilometers of navigable rivers and canals.
KEY STATISTICS 2013-2014 PERSONNEL The strength of railway
employees shown below: YEAR No. Of Staff(000) 1980-81 1572.2
1990-91 1651.8 2000-01 1545.3 2010-11 1332.0 2012-13* 1307.1
2013-14 1334.0 * Revised
20. 1. Route Length(Kms.) Broad Gauge (1.676 M.) 58177 Metre
Gauge (1.000 M.) 5334 Narrow Gauge (0.762 M. and 0.610 M.) 2297
TOTAL 65808 2. Double and Multiple Track(Route Kms.) Broad gauge
19989 Meter Gauge - TOTAL 19989 3. Electrified Track (Route Kms.)
Broad Gauge 21614 Meter Gauge - TOTAL 21614 4. Number of Railway
Stations 7112 5. Number of Railway Bridges 136720 6. Traffic Volume
Passenger Originating (Millions) 8397 Passenger Kms. (Millions)
1,158,742 Tonnes Originating (Rev. Traffic) (Millions Tonnes)
105164 Tonne Kms. (Millions) 665810 7. Number of Employees
(Thousands) 1334 8. Revenue (Millions) 1395582 9. Expenses
(Millions) 1303208 10. Rolling Stock Locomotives: Steam 43 Diesel
5633 Electric 4823 TOTAL 10499 Passenger Carriages 59600 Freight
Cars/Wagons 245267
21. REVENUE OF INDIAN RAILWAY IR revenues have steadily gone up
and were 1,395,581.8 millions in 2013-14 recording an increase of
12.8% over the previous year. Year Passenger Parcels and other
Coaching Freight Misc. Suspense (Bills Receivable) Gross Traffic
Receipts 1980-81 8,274.7 1,157.1 16,175.2 820.8 (-)187.6 26,240.2
1990-91 31,475.0 3,363.8 84,078.7 2417.6 (-)370.2 120,964.9 2000-01
105,150.7 7,641.6 233,051.0 7,032.5 (-)4,071.0 348,804.8 2010-11
257,056.4 24,698 628,447.2 34,182.7 (+)101.7 945,356.3 2012-13
313,228.4 30,542.3 852,625.8 42,613.6 (-)1,684.2 1,237,325.9
2013-14 365,322.5 36,785.2 939,056.3 57,212.9 (-)2,795.3
1,395,581.8 26,240 1,20,965 3,48,805 9,45,356 12,37,326 13,95,582 0
2,00,000 4,00,000 6,00,000 8,00,000 10,00,000 12,00,000 14,00,000
16,00,000 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 REVENUE
Series1
22. MAJOR SERVICES OF INDIAN RAILWAYS Passenger services
Freight services Parcel carrier Catering and tourism services
Parking lot operations Other related services PASSENGER SERVICES A
standard passenger train consists of eighteen coaches, but popular
trains can have 26 coaches or even more. Provision for purchasing
tickets via online mode (website of Indian Railway) and offline
mode-purchasing tickets from the ticket counter at each station is
well set up. Reservation against cancellation service is a
provision for shared berth in case the travel ticket is not
confirmed. All current passenger service is provided using electric
or diesel locomotives. Several long trains are composed of two to
three classes of travel, such as a 1st and 2nd classes which have
different pricing systems for various amenities. The 1st Class
refers to coaches with separate cabins, coaches can or cannot be
air-conditioned. 3-tier non- AC coaches and 2nd class seating
coaches, which are highly popular among passengers going on shorter
journeys. In air-conditioned sleeper classes passengers are
provided with sheets, pillows and blankets. Meals and refreshments
are provided, to all the passengers of reserved classes, either
through the on-board pantry service or through special catering
arrangements in trains without pantry car. Unreserved coach
passengers have options of purchasing from licensed vendors either
on board or on the platform of intermediate stops. The amenities
depend on the popularity and length of the route. Lavatories are
communal and feature both the Indian style as well as the Western
style.
23. TYPES OF PASSENGER SERVICES Trains are classified by their
average speed. A faster train has fewer stops ("halts") than a
slower one and usually caters to long-distance travel. Rank Train
Description 1 Duronto Express These are the non-stop point to point
rail services (except for operational stops) introduced for the
first time in 2009 . They connect the metros and major state
capitals of India and are faster than Rajadhani Express. The
Duronto services consists of classes of accommodation namely first
AC, two-tier AC, three-tier AC, AC 3 Tier Economy, Sleeper Class,
General Class. 2 Rajdhani Express These are all air-conditioned
trains linking major cities to New Delhi. The Rajdhanis have high
priority and are one of the fastest trains in India, travelling at
about 130 km/h (82 mph). There are only a few stops on a Rajdhani
route.Food service is also provided in these class trains 3
Shatabdi Express The Shatabdi trains are AC intercity seater-type
trains for travel during day.It is the fastest trains in India,
travelling at about 140 km/h 4 Garib Rath Fully air conditioned
trains, designed for those who cannot afford to travel in the
expensive Shatabti and Rajdhani Express. Garib Rath means "Chariot
of the Poor". The maximum speed is 130 km/h. 5 Jan Shatabdi Jan
Shatabdi Express are a more affordable variety of the Shatabdi
Express, which has both AC and non-AC classes. The maximum speed is
130 km/h. 6 Sampark Kranti Express Sampark Kranti Express trains
are a series of trains that provide quick connectivity from a
particular state to the national capital, New Delhi. 7 Superfast
Express/Mail These are trains that have an average speed greater
than 55 km/h (34 mph). Tickets for these trains have an additional
super-fast surcharge. 8 Express These are the most common kind of
trains in India. They have more stops than their super-fast
counterparts, but they stop only at relatively important
intermediate stations.
24. 9 Passenger and Fast Passenger These are slow trains that
stop at most stations along the route and are the cheapest trains.
The trains generally have unreserved seating accommodation but some
night trains have sleeper, First Class and 3A compartments. 10
Suburban trains These trains operate in the urban areas of Mumbai,
Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune and between Kanpur &
Lucknow,usually stop at all stations and have unreserved seating
accommodation. 11 Metros and Monorails These trains are designed
for city transport in metro cities of India. Accommodation classes
Indian Railways has several classes of travel with or without
air-conditioning. A train may have just one or many classes of
travel. Slow passenger trains have only unreserved seating class
whereas Rajdhani, Duronto and Shatabdi trains have only
air-conditioned classes. The fares for all classes are different
with unreserved seating class being the cheapest. The fare of
Rajdhani, Duronto and Shatabdi trains includes food served in the
train but the fare for other trains does not include food that has
to be bought separately. In long- distance trains a pantry car is
usually included and food is served at the berth or seats itself.
Luxury trains such as Palace on Wheels have separate dining cars
but these trains cost as much as or more than a five-star hotel
room. A standard passenger rake generally has four unreserved (also
called "general") compartments, two at the front and two at the
end, of which one may be exclusively for ladies. The exact number
of other coaches varies according to the demand and the route. A
luggage compartment can also exist at the front or the back. In
some mail trains a separate mail coach is attached. Lavatories are
communal and feature both the Indian style as well as the Western
style. The following table lists the classes in operation. A train
may not have all these classes.
25. Class Description 1A First class AC: This is the most
expensive class, where the fares are almost at par with air fare.
There are eight cabins (including two coupes) in the full AC First
Class coach and three cabins (including one coupe) in the half AC
First Class coach. The coach has an attendant to help the
passengers. Bedding is included with the fare in IR. This air
conditioned coach is present only on popular routes and can carry
18 passengers (full coach) or 10 passengers (half coach). The
sleeper berths are extremely wide and spacious. The coaches are
carpeted, have sleeping accommodation and have privacy features
like personal coupes. This class is available on broad gauge and
metre gauge trains. 2A AC-Two tier: These air-conditioned coaches
have sleeping berths across eight bays. Berths are usually arranged
in two tiers in bays of six, four across the width of the coach and
two berths longways on the other side of the corridor, with
curtains along the gangway or corridor. Bedding is included with
the fare. A broad gauge coach can carry 48 passengers (full coach)
or 20 passengers (half coach). This class is available on broad
gauge and metre gauge trains. FC First class: Same as 1AC but
without air conditioning. No bedding is available in this class.
The berths are wide and spacious. There is a coach attendant to
help the passengers. This class has been phased out on most of the
trains and is rare to find. However narrow gauge trains to hill
stations have this class. 3A AC three tier: Air conditioned coaches
with 64 sleeping berths. Berths are usually arranged as in 2AC but
with three tiers across the width and two longways as before giving
eight bays of eight. They are slightly less well-appointed, usually
no reading lights or curtained off gangways. Bedding is included
with fare. It carries 64 passengers in broad gauge. This class is
available only on broad gauge. 3E AC three tier (Economy): Air
conditioned coaches with sleeping berths, present in Garib Rath
Trains. Berths are usually arranged as in 3AC but with three tiers
across the width and three longways. They are slightly less
well-appointed, usually no reading lights or curtained off
gangways. Bedding is not included with fare. CC AC chair car: An
air-conditioned seater coach with a total of five seats in a row
used for day travel between cities. EC Executive class chair car:
An air-conditioned coach with large spacious seats and legroom. It
has a total of four seats in a row used for day travel between
cities. This class of travel is only available on Shatabdi Express
trains.
26. SL Sleeper class: The sleeper class is the most common
coach on IR, and usually ten or more coaches could be attached.
These are regular sleeping coaches with three berths vertically
stacked. In broad gauge, it carries 72 passengers per coach. 2S
Seater class: same as AC Chair car, but with bench style seats and
without the air- conditioning. These may be rserved in advance or
may be unreserved. UR Unreserved: The cheapest accommodation. The
seats are usually made up of pressed wood in older coaches but
cushioned seats are found in new coaches. These coaches are usually
over-crowded and a seat is not guaranteed. Tickets are issued in
advance for a minimum journey of more than 24 hours. Tickets issued
are valid on any train on the same route if boarded within 24 hours
of buying the ticket. FREIGHT SERVICES Indian Railways carries a
huge variety of goods such as mineral ores, fertilizers, iron &
steel, petrochemicals, agricultural products, etc. 70% of revenue
comes from freight services. Freight is a profit making business
segment of Indian Railways and is the backbone of railway revenues.
But, recently it is seen that the market share of Indian Railways
has been consistently shrinking and railways is losing out to road.
Following goods are carrying through freight services: Coal Iron
Ores Cement Mineral oils Food grains Fertilisers Iron &steel
Limestone & Dolomite Stones other than marble (incl. gypsum) IR
carries a huge variety of goods ranging from mineral ores,
fertilizers and petro-chemicals, agricultural produce, iron &
steel, multimodal traffic and others. Ports and major urban areas
have their own dedicated freight lines and yards. Many important
freight stops have dedicated
27. platforms and independent lines. Indian Railways makes 70%
of its revenues and most of its profits from the freight sector and
uses these profits to cross-subsidise the loss-making passenger
sector. However, competition from trucks which offer cheaper rates
has seen a decrease in the proportion of freight traffic carried by
rail in recent years. Since the 1980s, Indian Railways has switched
from small consignments to larger bulk a goods which has helped
speed up its operations. Most of its freight earnings come from
such rakes carrying bulk goods such as coal, cement, food grains
and iron ore. Indian Railways also transports vehicles over long
distances. Trucks that carry goods to a particular location are
hauled back by trains saving the trucking company on unnecessary
fuel expe nses. Refrigerated vans are also available in many areas.
The "Green Van" is a special type used to transport fresh food and
vegetables. Recently Indian Railways introduced the special
'Container Rajdhani' or CONRAJ, for high priority freight. The
highest speed notched up for a freight train is 120 kilometres per
hour (75 mph) for a 5,500 metric tonne load. Recent changes have
sought to boost the earnings from freight. A privatization scheme
was introduced recently to improve the performance of freight
trains. Companies are being allowed to run their own container
trains. The first length of an 11,000-kilometre (6,800 mi) freight
corridor linking India's biggest cities has recently been approved.
The railways have increased load limits for the system's 230,000
freight wagons by 11%, legalizing something that was already
happening. Due to increase in manufacturing transport in India that
was augmented by the increase in fuel cost, transportation by rail
became advantageous financially. New measures such as speeding up
the turnaround times have added some 24% to freight revenues. Under
the Eleventh Five Year Plan of India (20072012), Ministry of
Railways is constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
covering about 2762 route km long two routes the Eastern Corridor
from Ludhiana to Dankuni and the Western Corridor from Jawaharlal
Nehru Port at Nhava Sheva, Navi Mumbai to Tughlakabad/Dadri along
with interlinking of two corridors at Dadri. Upgrading of
transportation technology, increase in productivity and reduction
in unit transportation cost are the focus areas for the
project.
28. CATERING The present Railway catering services is managed
both departmentally (The Indian Railways) and through Licensed
contractors. Catering facilities of thousands travelling by train
everyday throughout the country, the turnover is enormous. For the
departmental catering alone for the year 1984-85, was more than Rs.
40 crores, and the licences fees from the contractors in the same
year was more than Rs. 80 lakh. The Railway also owns and operates
two railway hotels at Ranchi and Puri. HOSPITALITY The Railways
have also focused on providing Hospitality to its travellers. Food,
hospitality and cleanliness are among the major issues with the
railways in the past. Railways have introduced many trains which
pay importance to providing luxury and comfort to its travellers.
For ex. Palace on wheels, Maharajas Express Worlds leading luxury
train, Golden Chariot, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels,. Maharajas'
Express - The Finest Luxury Train Maharajas' Express, bestowed the
"Worlds Leading Luxury Train" award at the World Travel Awards for
two consecutive years in 2012 & 2013. Golden Chariot- Many
worlds, One Voyage The Golden Chariot is a royal experience, a
journey that is much more than a luxury train ride. The Golden
Chariot tour epitomizes the rich Indian heritage and journeys
through one of the most exotic regions in the world.
29. Royal Rajasthan on Wheels The Royal Rajasthan on Wheels is
the regal delight where every moment is woven together into an
everlasting and immemorial experience to be lived and cherished
forever. MORE SERVICES... Travel and transportation Goods
transport, tour planning and itinerary support. Luggage and postal
services. Transportation support to forces such as Army, Air Force
and Navy. Lifeline Express Hospital on wheels Double Decker A/C
trains
30. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE Ministry of Railways The Ministry
of Railways is a ministry in the Government of India, responsible
for the country's rail transport. The ministry operates the
state-owned Indian Railways, an organisation that operates as a
monopoly in rail transport and is headed by the Chairman Railway
Board. The ministry is headed by the Minister of Railways, a
cabinet-level minister who presents the rail budget every year in
parliament. Suresh Prabhu is the minister of the Indian Railways.
Ministry of Railway Railway Board 16 Zones 68 Divisions Station
Masters
31. Organisational Structure There is one Union Minister of
Railways and one Minister of State for Railways. Manoj Sinha is the
current Minister of State for Railways. The Railway Board, which is
the apex body of the Indian Railways reports to the Minister of
Railways. The Railway Board comprises one Chairman, five "members
of the Railway Board and a Financial Commissioner (who is the
representative of the Ministry of Finance in the Railway Board). It
also includes a Director- General (Railway Health Services) and a
Director-General (Railway Protection Force). A number of
directorates report to the Railway Board. The Ministry of Railways
is housed inside Rail Bhavan in New Delhi. RAILWAY ZONES Indian
Railways is divided into several zones, which are further
sub-divided into divisions. The number of zones in Indian Railways
increased from six to eight in 1951, nine in 1952 and sixteen in
2003.Each zonal railway is made up of a certain number of
divisions, each having a divisional headquarters. There are a total
of sixty-eight divisions. Each of the seventeen zones is headed by
a general manager who reports directly to the Railway Board. The
zones are further divided into divisions under the control of
divisional railway managers (DRM). The divisional officers of
engineering, mechanical, electrical, signal and telecommunication,
accounts, personnel, operating, commercial, security and safety
branches report to the respective Divisional Manager and are in
charge of operation and maintenance of assets. Further down the
hierarchy tree are the station masters who control individual
stations and the train movement through the track territory under
their stations administration.
32. No: Name of the zone Abbr. Headquarters Date Established
Divisions 1 Southern Railway SR Chennai 14/04/1951 Chennai,
Tiruchirappalli, Madurai and Salem, Palakkadu, Thiruvananthapuram 2
Central Railway CR Mumbai 05/11/1951 Mumbai CST, Bhusawal, Pune,
Sholapur and Nagpur 3 Western Railway WR Mumbai 05/11/1951 Mumbai
Central, Ratlam, Ahmedabad,Rajkot, Bhavnagar and Vadodara 4 Eastern
Railway ER Kolkata 14/4/1952 Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol and Malda 5
North Eastern Railway NER Gorakhpur 14/4/1952 Izzatnagar, Lucknow
and Varanasi 6 Northern Railway NR Delhi 14/4/1952 Delhi, Ambala,
Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad and Udhampur 7 South Eastern Railway
SER Kolkata 01/08/1955 Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur and Ranchi 8
North Frontier Railway NFR Guwahati 15/01/1958 Alipurduar, Katihar,
Rangia, Lumding and Tinsukia 9 South Central Railway SCR
Secunderabad 02/10/1966 Vijayawada, Secunderabad, Guntakal, Guntur,
Hyderabad and Nanded 10 East Central Railway ECR Hajipur 1/10/2002
Danapur, Dhanbad,Mughalsarai, Samastipur and Sonpur 11 North
Western Railway NWR Jaipur 1/10/2002 Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner and
Jodhpur 12 East Coast Railway ECoR Bhubaneswar 1/4/2003 Khurda
Road, Sambalpur and Waltair 13 North Central Railway NCR Allahabad
1/4/2003 Allahabad, Agra and Jhansi 14 South Western Railway SWR
Hubli 1/4/2003 Hubli, Bangalore and Mysore 15 West Central Railway
WCR Jabalpur 1/4/2003 Jabalpur, Bhopal and Kota 16 South East
Central Railway SECR Bilaspur 05/4/2003 Bilaspur, Raipur and
Nagpur
33. Other Subsidiaries Board for electrification,
modernisation, research and design and training of officers, each
of which is headed by an officer of the rank of general manager. A
number of Public Sector Undertakings, which perform railway related
functions ranging from consultancy to ticketing, are also under the
administrative control of the Ministry of railways. There are
fourteen public undertakings under the administrative control of
the Ministry of Railways viz. Bharat Wagon and Engineering Co. Ltd.
(BWEL) Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) Container
Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR) Dedicated Freight Corridor
Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) Indian Railway Catering and
Tourism Corporation Limited (IRCTC) Indian Railway Construction
(IRCON) International Limited Indian Railway Finance Corporation
Limited (IRFC) Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (KRCL) Mumbai
Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC) Railtel Corporation of India
Limited (Rail Tel) Rail India Technical and Economic Services
Limited (RITES) Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) High Speed Rail
Corporation of India (HSRC) Burn Standard Company Braithwaite and
Co. Ltd Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), that has
constructed and operates Delhi Metro network, is an independent
organisation not connected to the Indian Railways. Similar metro
rail corporations in other cities (except Kolkata Metro in Kolkata)
are not connected to the Indian Railways.
34. BHARAT WAGON AND ENGINEERING CO. LTD (BWEL) Bharat Wagon
and Engineering Limited (Hindi: ) (BWEL) is a Public Sector
Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India and is a subsidiary of
Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam (BBUNL). Established in 1978, BWEL is the
largest rail wagon manufacturer in India. The administrative
control of M/s Bharat Wagon & Engg Co Ltd (BWEL), Patna, a
central PSE and subsidiary of Bharat Bhari Udyog Nigam Ltd (BBUNL)
is transferred from the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of
Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises to the Ministry of Railways
w.e.f 13 August 2008 (AN). The company maintains three
manufacturing plants in Bihar and is headquartered in Patna. One
such plant is the Bharat Wagon Workshop Plant in Muzaffarpur. In
fiscal 2014, the company incurred aggregated revenues of 154.4
million (US$2.5 million). CONTAINER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
(CONCOR) Container Corporation of India Ltd. (Hindi: ) (CONCOR,
Hindi: ) is a Navratna Public sector undertaking under the Indian
Ministry of Railways. Incorporated in March 1988 under the
Companies Act, CONCOR commenced operations in November 1989 taking
over an existing network of seven inland container
35. depots (ICDs) from Indian Railways. It now has a network of
61 ICDs/CFSs (Container Freight Stations) throughout India. CONCOR
operates three core businesses: cargo carrier; terminal operator,
and warehouse operator. RAILTEL CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (RAIL
TEL) Railtel Corporation of India { } is a Miniratna enterprise of
Government of India focusing on providing broadband and VPN
services. RailTel was formed in September 2000 with the objective
of creating nation-wide broadband, telecom and multimedia network,
to modernize Train Control Operation and Safety System of Indian
Railways. RailTel's network passes through around 5,000 stations
across the country, covering all central business districts, towns,
cities, mini/major- metros. RailTel has created state of the art
multimedia telecom network using SDH/DWDM-based transmission
systems and high end routers for MPLS-IP network. Indian Railways
have seamless right-of-way along 63,000 km of rail tracks passing
through 7000 stations across the country. The stations in major
cities are located in central business districts. Indian Railways
already had established a strong Telecom Network to meet its
communication requirements. With the formation of Corporation,
Indian Railways' right-of-way and OFC assets have been transferred
to RailTel. About 32500 km of OFC has been laid and over 29500 km
has been commissioned. Works on another 10620 km are in various
stage of completion. RailTel holds the following licenses using
which it is offering various services across India: National Long
Distance: Class "A" ISP (with Internet Telephony) IP-II IP-I
36. RAIL VIKAS NIGAM LIMITED (RVNL) Rail Vikas Nigam Limited {
} is an organisation associated with Indian Railways whose task is
to build engineering works required by Indian Railways. Indian
Railway network particularly High Density Network, which connects
the four Metro Cities of Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai & Mumbai
including the diagonals is over saturated. Challenges of higher
economic growth require leap forward capacity development strategy
on Indian Railways. Paradigms of such a strategy required a shift
from dependence on purely budgetary sources and internal surplus of
Railways to mobilization of non budgetary financial resources from
private sector, banks, financial institutions, multilateral and
bilateral agencies through a mix of equity and debt. The financial
resources available from the traditional sources were found to be
grossly inadequate to meet the requirement. The Ministry of
Railways, therefore, had been considering various innovative
methods of project distribution and creation of assets. Another
paradigm shift required was to change from project mode of planning
to programme mode to be implemented in a time bound manner. It was
felt that the Railways instead of becoming the bottleneck in
economic growth of the country should spur economic growth by
development of capacity ahead of demand. It required fast track
implementation of projects adopting established practice of
financial closure and use of modern project management techniques.
For this, adequate and uninterrupted flow of funds is a prime
requirement. It also required mechanization of construction
involving large number of construction machines and equipments of
varied nature and skill sets of altogether different kind. Creation
of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited is an outcome of the above thought
process and policy initiative.
37. RAIL INDIA TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC SERVICES LIMITED (RITES)
RITES Limited { } (earlier known as Rail India Technical and
Economic Service) is an engineering consultancy company,
specializing in the field Of transport infrastructure. Established
in 1974 by the Government of India, the company's initial charter
was to provide consultancy services in rail transport management to
operators in India and abroad. RITES have since diversified into
planning and consulting services for other infrastructure,
including airports, ports, highways and urban planning. Recently
on-shore WDS6 Diesel Loco Leasing service has been introduced. It
has been awarded the status of MINIRATNA in 2002. It has executed
projects in over 62 countries on every major continent. As of 2014,
it was executing projects in over 30 countries. KONKAN RAILWAY
CORPORATION LIMITED (KRCL) Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC) is a
subsidiary of the Indian Railways (IR). It operates the Konkan
Railways, a subsidiary zone of the Indian Railways. It is
headquartered at CBD Belapur in Navi Mumbai. The company started
its full operations of trains on 26 January 1998.The first
passenger train which ran on Konkan Railway tracks on 20 March 1993
between Udupi and Mangalore. Konkan Railway Corporation is at the
forefront of research and development of new technologies and
38. concepts for Indian railways. During its initial years of
operations in the mountainous Konkan region, a spate of accidents
prompted Konkan Railway to investigate new technologies. The
anti-collision devices, the Sky Bus and RORO are a few of the
innovations from Konkan Railways. INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING AND
TOURISM CORPORATION LIMITED (IRCTC) Indian Railway Catering and
Tourism Corporation ( ), is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways
that handles the catering, tourism and online ticketing operations
of the railways. The major services: Online-Ticketing It is known
for changing the face of railway ticketing in India. It pioneered
internet- based rail ticket booking through its website, as well as
from the mobile phones via GPRS or SMS. In addition to e-tickets,
Indian Railways and Catering Tourism Corporation also offers
I-tickets that are basically like regular tickets except that they
are booked online and delivered by post. The tickets PNR status is
also made available. Commuters on the Mumbai Suburban Railway can
also book season tickets through the website. It has also launched
a loyalty program called Shubh Yatra for frequent travellers.
Through this program, passengers can avail of discounts on all
tickets booked round the year by paying an upfront annual fee.
Seeking to make it easier to book e-tickets, it launched a scheme
called Rolling Deposit Scheme (RDS). RDS is a hassle-free e-ticket
booking scheme allowing passengers to reserve seats against advance
money kept with the corporation. It has also added flights and
hotels booking facilities to their line of online reservation
services.
39. Tourism Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation also
organizes budget and deluxe package tours for domestic and foreign
tourists. A popular tourism package for budget tourists covering
important tourist destinations across India is "Bharat Darshan".
Luxury tourism packages are also available, that involve special
luxury trains such as Palace on Wheels, Royal Orient Express,
Golden Chariot, Deccan Odyssey, Royal Rajasthan on Wheels, Buddhist
Circuit Train and it is a partner in the Maharajas' Express
operation. Apart from conventional tourism, it also offers
adventure tourism packages that include water sports, adventure and
wildlife treks, etc. A provision for customizing tours as per
specific requirements is also an added attraction. Recently a new
venture of Indian Railways, named as Rail Tourism India has
launched to provide direct catering and tourism packages to users.
Tatkal Booking Under the Tatkal scheme, passengers who plan their
journey at short notice can book their tickets in almost all
Mail/Express trains through the Indian railways internet portal.
The booking starts at 10:00 am daily, one day prior to the
departure of the train from source station.Tatkal Reservation is
criticized by numerous media releases, due to its inefficiency and
slow server speed. Many IT experts suggests that simple steps are
not being taken by the Indian Railways management which can easily
resolve these issues and some time these are being linked to
corruption in the entire ticketing system. Since the new revision,
all Tatkal bookings can be done for trains departing within 48
hours. Passengers travelling on Tatkal tickets should carry a photo
ID proof along with them to be shown to the ticket checker. Earlier
this year, the website has launched Light version which doesn't
include ads, pop ups, etc.
40. INDIAN RAILWAY FINANCE CORPORATION (IRFC) Indian Railway
Finance Corporation ( ) known as IRFC is a finance arm of the
Indian Railway. It raises financial resources for expansion and
running through capital markets and other borrowings. IRFC started
borrowing from the market in 1987-88. IRFC raises money through
financial bonds and from banks and financial institutions. IRFC is
dedicated financing arm of the Ministry of Railways. Its sole
objective is to raise money from the market to part finance the
plan outlay of Indian Railways. The money so made available is used
for acquisition of rolling stock assets and for meeting other
developmental needs of the Indian Railways. The borrowing programme
of IRFC is guided by the requirements projected by Ministry of
Railways. The company has successfully met the targeted borrowings
year after year, through issue of both taxable and tax-free Bonds,
term loans from banks/financial institutions and through off shore
borrowings. IRFC also makes use of innovative financial instruments
to diversify the debt portfolio and to minimize the cost.
BRAITHWAITE AND CO. LTD Braithwaite & Co. Limited is a Public
sector undertaking under Government of India having its head office
at 5, Hide Road, Kolkata. The company was established as Braithwate
in 1913 as the Indian Subsidiary of Braithwaite & Co. Engineers
Limited (U.K.), for undertaking fabrication of Structural Steel
Works. In 1930 it was incorporated as Braithwaite & Co (India)
Ltd at Calcutta. In 1960 Braithwaite's Angus Works located at
Bhadreswar was set up for manufacture of cranes, foundry products,
machinery components etc. The Project
41. Division at Calcutta was established in 1978 to execute
turnkey projects for material handling plants. In 1987 Victoria
Works was taken over, which is equipped with all facilities for
manufacture of Pressure Vessels, Railway Wagons and Heavy
structural for Bridges and other engineering applications. In 1976
company was taken over by Government of India, as fully owned
public sector company. In 1986, Braithwaite & Co., Ltd. came
under umbrella of Bharat Bhari Udhyog Nigma Limited, which became
holding company of five companies in eastern India; Braithwaite
& Co. Ltd, Burn Standard Company, Bharat Wagon and Engineering,
Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop Construction Company, Jessop &
Co. Ltd. Later, Jessop & Company was privatized. However, with
effect from 2010, the management of Braithwaite & Co. Limited
has been transferred from Ministry of Heavy Industries & Public
Enterprises to Ministry of Railways, Government of India. Today
Braithwaite is an engineering conglomerate which manufactures,
railway wagons & bogies, heavy duty cranes, structurals, jute
mill machinery, forging & casting jobs. BRAITHWAITE, BURN &
JESSOP CONSTRUCTION COMPANY (BBJC) The Braithwaite Burn &
Jessop Construction Company Limited (BBJ Construction Company) is a
Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) of the Government of India under
Department of Heavy Industries. Established in the 26th January,
1935, BBJ Construction Company has been involved in the
construction & repairing of Rail Bridges & Rail-cum- Road
Bridges, Industrial structural works, large building foundation,
Civil engineering works, Refinery piping works, Railway gauge
conversion etc. The company is registered and headquartered in
Kolkata. The early story of BBJ started around the mid-thirties.
The ever increasing traffic movement between the twin cities of
Calcutta & Howrah demanded a wider and stronger bridge in
replacement of the then existing pontoon bridge. The authorities
accordingly decided on building a cantilever bridge across the
river Hooghly. The job undoubtedly called for greater expertise. So
the three engineering companies - Braithwaite, Burn & Jessop -
came together and floated a
42. new company. Thus on 26 January 1935 was born BBJ, The
Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Company Limited. The
onward march began in 1941 with the Howrah Bridge, later, named
Rabindra Setu. Later in 1991 achievement is the second Hooghly
Bridge or Vidyasagar Setu. In between BBJ constructed number of
engineering structures spread across the country and abroad. The
Ganga Bridge at Mokameh, Yamuna Bridge at Delhi, Godavari Bridge at
Rajamundry, Krishna Bridge at Vijawada, Brahmaputra Bridge at Pandu
are some of the known achievements of the company. Nationalised in
1987, BBJ today is a subsidiary of multiple resource organisation
Govt. of India Undertaking BBUNL, under the administrative control
of the Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of Heavy Industries
and Public Enterprises, Government of India. BBJ is also involved
in installation of major steel plants, thermal power stations, oil
refineries, fertilizer projects. BBJ has also undertaken
restoration of damaged bridges, industrial structures and civil
construction of major commercial and administrative buildings.
MUMBAI RAILWAY VIKAS CORPORATION (MRVC) Mumbai Rail Vikas
Corporation { } is a subsidiary of the Indian Railways. It is
responsible for the improvement of the infrastructure of Mumbai
Suburban Railway system. Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation Ltd (MRVC
Ltd)., a Public Sector Undertaking of Govt. of India under Ministry
of Railways (MoR) was incorporated under Companies Act, 1956 on 12
July 1999 with an equity Capital of Rs. 25 crore shared in the
ratio of 51:49 between Ministry of Railways and Government of
Maharashtra. MRVC is responsible to execute the projects under
Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) as sanctioned by Ministry of
Railways. The Corporation will execute a number of suburban rail
improvement projects for
43. enhancing suburban rail transportation capacity thereby
reducing the overcrowding and meeting future traffic requirements.
The corporation will also be involved in the planning and
development of Mumbai Suburban Rail system. The main objectives of
MUTP are: Bringing down the passengers per 9 coaches to 3000 as
against existing 5000. Segregate the suburban train operation from
the main line passenger and freight services. DEDICATED FREIGHT
CORRIDOR CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED (DFCCIL) The Dedicated
Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a
corporation run by the Government of India, Ministry of Railways to
undertake planning & development, mobilisation of financial
resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the
Dedicated Freight Corridors. DFCC has been registered as a company
under the Companies Act 1956 on 30 October 2006. Under the Eleventh
Five Year Plan of India (20072012), Ministry of Railways is
constructing a new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) covering about
3300 route km long two routes - the Eastern Corridor from Ludhiana
in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal and the Western Corridor from
Jawaharlal Nehru Port, in Mumbai, Maharashtra to Tughlakabad,
Delhi/Dadri along with interlinking of two corridors at Khurja in
Uttar Pradesh. Upgrading of transportation technology, increase in
productivity and reduction in unit transportation cost are the
focus areas for the project. DFCCIL has been designated by
Government of India as a `special purpose vehicle`, and has been
created to undertake planning & development, mobilization of
financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of
the Dedicated Freight Corridors. As the dedicated agency to make
the vision into reality, DFCCIL's mission is:
44. To build a corridor with appropriate technology that
enables Indian railways to regain its market share of freight
transport by creating additional capacity and guaranteeing
efficient, reliable, safe and cheaper options for mobility to its
customers. To set up Multimodal logistic parks along the DFC to
provide complete transport solution to customers. To support the
government's initiatives toward ecological sustainability by
encouraging users to adopt railways as the most environment
friendly mode for their transport requirements. INDIAN RAILWAY
CONSTRUCTION COMPANY LIMITED (IRCON) Ircon International Limited {
}(IRCON) is an engineering and construction company, specialized in
transport infrastructure. The company was established in 1976, by
the Government of India under the The Companies Act, 1956. IRCON
was registered as the Indian Railway Construction Company Limited,
a wholly owned entity of the Ministry of Railways. Its primary
charter was the construction of railway projects in India and
abroad. The company has since diversified into other transport and
infrastructure segments and with its expanded scope of operations
around the world, the name was changed to Ircon International
Limited in October 1995. The company is well known for undertaking
challenging infrastructure projects, especially in difficult
terrains in India and abroad. Ircon has completed over 300 major
infrastructure projects in India and over 121 major projects across
the globe in more than 21 countries. The core competence of the
company in order of priority are - Railways, Highways and EHT
Substation Engineering and Construction. Ircon is a turnkey
construction company that is specialized in railways (new railway
lines, rehabilitation/conversion of existing lines, station
buildings and facilities, bridges, tunnels, signalling and
tele-communication, railway electrification, and wet leasing of
locomotives), highways, EHV sub-station (engineering, procurement
and construction) and metro rail.
45. FUNCTIONAL BRANCHES OF INDIAN RAILWAY The various Groups A
cadres are as below: Non Technical Services recruitment through
Civil Services Examination conducted by UPSC IRTS - Indian Railway
Traffic Service IRPS - Indian Railway Personnel Service IRAS -
Indian Railway Accounts Service RPF - Railway Protection Force
Technical Services recruitment through Indian Engineering
Examination conducted by UPSC IRSE - Indian Railway Service of
(Civil) Engineers IRSEE- Indian Railway Service of Electrical
Engineers IRSME - Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers
IRSS - Indian Railway Stores Service IRSSE - Indian Railway Service
of Signal Engineers 1. INDIAN RAILWAY TRAFFIC SERVICE (IRTS) The
Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) is an organized Group 'A'
service (cadre) of the Government of India. The officers of this
service are responsible for managing the Transportation -
Operations and Commercial wings - of the Indian Railways. IRTS
forms the interface between the Railways and the public, and also
between the Railways and the corporate sector. It is also
responsible for the generation of revenue for the organization. 1.1
Recruitment & Training The direct recruitment to the cadre is
done through the Civil Services Examination. As of 1 July 2004, the
sanctioned strength of IRTS was 1122. The sanctioned strength of
IRTS has decreased since cadre restructuring was undertaken in
JanuaryFebruary 2006. At present the cadre strength of IRTS is
around 830. After selection, the IRTS probationers undergo general
foundation training at one of the training academies, that is, Lal
Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA)
National Academy of Direct Taxes at Nagpur, RCVP Noronha Academy of
Administration at Bhopal and Dr. Marri Channa Reddy Human Resource
Development Institute of Andhra Pradesh at Hyderabad. Following
this they go for the Railway Foundation Course at Railway Staff
College, Baroda, now renamed National Academy of Indian Railways.
Further specialized training for the probationers is imparted
at
46. the Indian Railway Institute of Transportation Management
(IRITM) at Lucknow. While based at IRITM, the probationers make
extensive study and field trips to various centralized training
institutes of the Indian Railways, workshops and organizations
across the length and breadth of the country. The training also
includes a Parliamentary attachment, visits to important Railway
project sites, ports and short stints at other Civil Service
academies and one of the Indian Institutes of Management. IRITM
also undertakes courses for middle- and senior-level officers in
diverse areas including commercial management, operations
management, logistics, public-private partnerships etc. 1.2 Role
and Function Indian Railway Traffic Officer is the public interface
of railways. There are two main streams of Traffic Department,
Operations and Commercial, where these officers are posted.
Immediately after the training, the officers are designated as
Assistant Operations Manager or Assistant Commercial Manager and
posted to one of the divisions of Indian Railways. The role of an
IRTS officer in the operating department is that of ensuring smooth
and fast transportation of freight and passengers. He or she
ensures optimum utilization of assets maximizing output with least
inputs. This is achieved by coordinating with the service
departments looking after various assets of railways like track,
wagons, engines, signals, etc. He/she then combines the outputs of
the various departments maintaining the assets - rolling stock and
fixed infrastructure to produce a service output - passenger or
freight. In the commercial department, an IRTS officer is connected
with sales, pricing (including discounts) of passenger and freight
traffic. The information technology requirement of passenger
ticketing is also managed by an IRTS officer in the zonal
headquarters in association with the Centre for Railway Information
Systems. The role changes depending on where an officer is placed
in the organization - in the division (operational level), the zone
(tactical level), or the railway board (strategic level). The
opening up of Indian economy has brought a paradigm shift in the
role of IRTS officers - from rail transport to logistics. They have
been instrumental in raising the earnings of Indian Railways
through efficient freight movement and improved passenger transport
which are conducted 24x7 non-stop. Their extensive expertise in the
handling of heavy logistics and complex operations related to
freight and passenger movement has made IRTS officers much sought
after in the private sector, especially in infrastructure and
logistics companies. As a result, several senior IRTS officers have
migrated to the private sector. The trend got strengthened after
the Railway Ministry opened up the open container movement to
private sector in2006.
47. 1.3 Organisation At the Railway Board level, the traffic
department is headed by Member (Traffic), who is a Secretary level
officer. He is assisted by Additional Members/Advisors who are of
the rank of Additional Secretary to the Government of India. At
present, there is an additional member/advisor, each for the
commercial, traffic, safety, computerization and information
systems, infrastructure, tourism and catering wings of the traffic
department. Within each wing, there are directorates which are
headed by an Executive Director, a Joint Secretary rank officer.
Some of the directorates are traffic, commercial (rates), planning,
coaching, passenger marketing, statistics and economics (under
Financial Commissioner), freight marketing, public grievances,
computerization and information systems, tourism, and catering. At
the zonal level, operations of commercial departments are headed by
IRTS officers - Chief Operations Manager (COM) and Chief Commercial
Manager (CCM). They are of the rank of Additional Secretary or
Joint Secretary to the Government of India. COM is normally
assisted by a team of Joint Secretary rank officers, viz., Chief
Freight Transportation Manager (CFTM), Chief Passenger
Transportation Manager (CPTM) and Chief Traffic Planning Manager
(CPTM). Similarly, CCM is assisted by Chief Commercial Manager
(Freight Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger
Marketing), Chief Commercial Manager (Passenger Services) and Chief
Claims Officer. They are in turn assisted by Deputy Secretary or
Director grade officers - Dy COM, Dy CCM, Dy CCO. At the divisional
level, the operations and commercial departments are headed by IRTS
officers Senior Divisional Operations Manager (Sr. DOM) and Senior
Divisional Commercial Manager (Sr. DCM). In a large division, Sr.
DOM/Sr. DCM would be supervising over 2000 employees. They are
linchpins interacting with customers on a day to day basis and
zonal headquarters. Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM are cadre posts in the Deputy
Secretary or Director grade of IRTS. Each Sr. DOM/Sr. DCM is
assisted by DOM/DCM/Assistant Operations Manager(AOM)/Assistant
Commercial Manager (ACM) of the rank of Under Secretary to the
Government of India. An IRTS officer's first posting, who is
directly recruited through Civil Services Examinations, would be as
an AOM or ACM in the division.
48. 2. INDIAN RAILWAY PERSONNEL SERVICE (IRPS) The Indian
Railway Personnel Service (IRPS) is a cadre of the Group-A services
of the Government of India. The officers of this service are
responsible for managing the Human Resources of the Indian Railways
which has a work force of about 1.4 million employees. 2.1
Recruitment The recruitment to the cadre is done through the Civil
Services Examination. The first recruitment to the cadre was done
by UPSC in the year 1980.Prior to that some officers of sister
cadres had joined the service on option basis. The present advisors
are from such groups. The list of officers of this cadre can be
seen in their web site. The selection consisting of written and
Interview (also known as Personality Test) which is conducted by
the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India along with
other Group A Services like IAS and IPS etc. 2.2 Role And Function
IRPS officers man the Establishment Directorate and the Personnel
department of the Ministry of Railways, at Zonal railway and
divisional levels including the railway production units and
workshops. While other services in the railway are concerned with
the operational or material management of the train, the Personnel
Service handles the human resource aspect. Importance of the
service lies in looking at the problem not only from the
governments point of view but paying attention to the job oriented
professional as well as personal needs of the employees to make
them more effective and efficient as per the administrative need of
the railway, since efficiency of the any organisation depends
mainly on the nature of personnel it has. The main functions and
responsibility of Personnel Officers in the railway is to arrange
recruitment, training of staff, promotion, demotion, transfers,
disciplinary actions, retirement, settlement, selection etc. The
personnel branch actually deals with the employee from the day he
joins the service or even before which is not over even on his
retirement. Dealing with provisions of various laws and acts such
as Industrial dispute Act, Factory Act, Workman Compensation Act,
Payment of Wages, Minimum Wages and their implementation in the
railways is another responsibility. The interpretation of rules and
orders is also done in this branch. All matters concerning the
welfare of the staff such as provision of residential
accommodation, canteens, holiday homes, consumer societies,
schools, clubs,
49. institutes, hospitals etc. also comes within its purview.
Railway is one of the model employers with a large number of
welfare measures being implemented to look after the staff and
their families. Personnel officer is also the welfare officer in
the railways. Being responsible for the service, as well as
personal issues of the employees, the personnel department works in
close coordination with all other departments in the railways by
functioning as consultant and adviser. In a nutshell, most
effective and efficient utilization of the vast human resource that
railway have is entrusted to this department. 2.3 Organisation At
the apex level of the Ministry of Railways, Government of India,
the Railway Board Member Staff is the highest level post, who also
happens to be the Ex officio Secretary to Government of India.
Currently he is assisted by two Additional members, additional
member staff and additional member i r), who are in the rank of
Additional Secretary. Below them are a group of Executive
Directors, Directors ,Joint Directors and Deputy Directors who work
at Railway Board level who are either drawn from the service or
from the railway board secretariat service. The present Member
Staff is a non-IRPS officer. Similarly at the 16 Zonal Railway
level the HR department or Personnel department as they call in the
railways, is headed by a Chief Personnel Officer or CPO.CPOs are
also posted in the major production units/factories of Indian
Railways. The role of Personnel Branch as it is called all over
encompasses all those which are in any Human Resources Management
department of any organisation including those of dealing with
Labour Relations and Labour Legislations. 3. INDIAN RAILWAY
ACCOUNTS SERVICE (IRAS) The Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS)
(Hindi: Bharatiya Rail Lekha Seva ) is a Group A Central Service of
the Government of India. The officers of this service are
responsible for the Accounts and Finance Management of the Indian
Railways. About 10-15 IRAS officers are recruited every year
through Civil Services Examination conducted by Union Public
Service Commission. At present, the IRAS cadre has a strength of
about 650 officers.
50. 3.1 Recruitment and Training The recruitment to the cadre
is done through the Civil Services Examination which is conducted
by Union Public Service Commission of India every year. The Union
Public Service Commission selects top and middle level bureaucrats
through this examination who work for the Government of India. This
examination is conducted in three stages viz preliminary
examination, Mains examination and Interview. Only a few hundred of
the candidates are selected each year out of about 400 thousand
aspirants who take the exam. The candidates through this
examination are selected for various top level bureaucratic
services for Indian Government including Indian Administrative
Service. After selection through the Civil Services Examinations of
the Union Public Service Commission, the probationers of Indian
Railway Accounts Service are required to undergo a two year
training programme before induction into service on various railway
zones. The two year training program includes classroom training at
National Academy of Direct Taxes at Nagpur, Railway Staff College
Vadodara and specialised training institutes, as well as field
training on zonal railways, divisions, construction organisations
and manufacturing units of the Indian Railways. Recently, Railway
Board has entered into an agreement with Indian Institute of
Management Calcutta for a 12 week executive general management
programme as a part of regular training of IRAS probationers. The
general management programme covers topics in economics, human
resource management, management information systems, public policy,
behavioural sciences, operations management, marketing, ethics,
finance and accounting and strategic management. The training
programme also includes sessions with industry experts and visits
to various industries. An 8 week MDP (Management Development
Programme) is also being carried out at MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE (MDI), GURGAON for IRAS Probationers from year 2010
onwards. A group of 21 probationers of the Indian Railway Accounts
Service (IRAS) 2010 batch recently called on President Pranab
Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan and were asked by the President
to work for the cause of the nation. 3.2 Role and Function The
Finance and Accounts functions are integrated with the executive at
all levels in the Railways. At the apex level of policy
formulation, the Financial Commissioner, Railways, assisted by
Additional Member (Finance), Additional Member (Budget), Adviser
(Finance) and Adviser (Accounting Reforms) incharge of Budgeting,
Expenditure, Earnings, Accounting and Accounting
Development/Reforms, is there to aid and guide the Ministry of
Railways (Railway Board). At the Zonal level, the General Manager
is aided by the Financial
51. Adviser and Chief Accounts Officer along with his
assistants. At the Divisional level, which is only an
administrative unit of a Zonal Railway, an identical arrangement
exists to assist the Divisional Railway Manager in finance and
accounts matters. Besides the major production units and workshops,
be they manufacturing units or repair and maintenance units, have
an inbuilt system of associate finance and accounts. The stores
organisation, which is responsible for procurement of stores and
materials worth thousands of crores of rupees, is again assisted by
Finance & Accounts. In short, there is hardly any sphere of
railway activity with which the Accounts and Finance organisation
is not directly associated in the decision- making process. In
addition, officers of the Service also occupy management posts such
as Divisional Railway Managers, Additional General Managers etc.
IRAS cadre of Indian Railways is responsible for the Finance and
Accounting functions of the Railways. Core functions of this cadre
include maintenance of accounts of Indian Railways and Financial
Advice to the executive. At the zonal level, IRAS officers are
designated as Financial Advisor and Chief Account Officers while at
the Division level, they are Divisional Finance Managers. Budget
Management, Expenditure Control, Earnings Accountable, Financial
scrutiny of various executive proposals are some of the functions
performed by IRAS officers. Every expenditure in Indian Railways
has to pass through financial scrutiny. The IRAS cadre exercises
substantial control over the affairs of the Indian Railways.
Officers of Indian Railway Accounts Service serve in various
government ministries on deputation as Deputy Secretary/Director,
Joint Secretary, and Additional Secretary. They are also sent to
various Public Sector undertakings on deputation to hold finance
portfolios. 3.3 Organisation At the Apex level, the Financial
Commissioner for Railways represents the Ministry of Finance on the
Railway Board and also functions ex-officio as Secretary to
Government of India in the Ministry of Railways in financial
matters. In this capacity, he is vested with full powers to
sanction Railway expenditure subject to the general control of the
Finance Minister. He has direct contact with the Finance Minister
whom he keeps informed of developments in the Ministry of
Railways.
52. 4. RAILWAY PROTECTION FORCE (RPF) The Railway Protection
Force (RPF) is a security force of India entrusted with protecting
railway passengers, passenger area and railway property of the
Indian Railways The Force is commonly referred as RPF. The Force is
under the authority of Ministry of Railways (India). The strength
of RPF is about 65,000. RPF is headed by Director General who is
usually an Indian Police Service officer. The Mission of the
Railway Protection Force include Protect and safeguard railway
passengers, passenger area and railway property. Ensure the safety,
security and boost the confidence of the travelling public in the
Indian Railways The origin of this force was 'Watch & Ward' and
functioned under the administrative control of railway
administration. Later on this force was renamed as Railway
Protection Force and its members were provided with the power of
arrest without warrant for the unlawful possession of railway
property. The term railway property included only the properties
owned by the railway administration. In due course of time, the
definition for the term Railway Property was extended and it
included the properties owned by, or in the charge of or entrusted
with the railways. The offenders are booked under the Railway
Property (Unlawful Possession) Act 1966 which is shortly known as
RP(UP) Act 1966. Now the Railway Protection Force has a separate
administrative system and functions under the general supervision
of the Railway Administration. 4.1 Evolution of the RPF
(1854-1861): The maintenance and security of Railways, the vital
artery of national communication and economic progress has been a
major concern of the Government of India that goes back to the
times when the Railway commenced their operations in India in 1854.
Since railways have a linear territory traversing inter-state
lines, a foolproof security system has been hard to provide.
Nevertheless, the genesis of such an endeavour can be traced back
to 1854 when East Indian Railways employed certain staff designated
as Police to denote its own force by enacting th