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Huang he civilizations, early China, Confucianism, Taoism, based on SC State Standards- images found on google
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Ancient China
The Huang He River Valley Civilizations
Zhou Dynasty
Big IdeaChinese civilization began with the Shang
dynasty along the Huang He (Yellow) river.
Main Ideas:
China’s physical geography made farming possible but travel and communication difficult
Civilization began in China along the Huang He and Chang Jiang (Yangzi) rivers
China’s first dynasties helped Chinese society develop and made many other achievements
GeographyPanku Creation 1:32
GeographyChinese civilization began around the area
between the two rivers, the Chiang Jiang (Yangzi) and the Huang He (Yellow)
China was separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Himalayas & separated from most of Asia by deserts
Separation resulted in China developing its on unique culture and sense of identity without much cultural diffusion
Even today, Chinese culture is very different from “western” society
Civilization BeginsThe rivers flood leaving behind a fertile silt that is
perfect for farming
7000 BC- farmers grow rice along the middle of the Chang Jang Valley
To the North on the Huang He, soil was better for growing cereals like millet and wheat
They also fished and hunted with bows and arrows
Domesticated animals such as pigs and sheep
Large towns grew along the Huang He
Burials like Egyptians with tombs filled with objectsWealthy were buried with jade
The Xia Dynasty• What is a dynasty?• Why do they exist?
Legend says the Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in China but no one really know for sure. The were likely to be a Bronze Age society.
Later written stories of the time period tell of a horrible flood. Yu the Great, the founder of the Xia Dynasty, dug channels to drain the water back into the ocean. It took him over ten years to complete and created the major waterways of north China.• Other stories tell of how Xia rulers worked with the
people to solve problems
Shang Dynasty
Shang DynastyTook over China in 1600 BC
Ruled China for about 700 years
Took over 1800 city-states……America has 50 states
They divided their government into little bits controlled by loyal governors (Nobles appointed by the king to preform certain duties & land lords)
Shang Dynasty
• Head of political & religious lifeKing • Advisors to King
• Government & religious officials• Land Lords
Nobles
• From the far regionsWarriors leaders
• Pottery• Clothes• Tools• weapons
Artisans
• Worked long hours • Little pay• Over taxed
Farmers• Lowest rank• Important labor
resourceSlaves
AdvancementsThey farmed millet, wheat, barley, & rice
They grew silkworms, dogs, pigs, & sheep
They had accomplished metal metal workers & craftsmen (bronze containers for cooking & religious ceremonies, axes, knives, jade ornaments
Military developed bronze body armor, powerful bows, & war chariots
Astrologers created a calendar based on the cycles of the moon
The Legend of SilkA 14 year old queen of China supposedly
saw a worm spin its cocoon. She then took the cocoon, dropped it in hot water and watched it break up to threads. The thread was the used to sew and create silk garments.
What is silk?It is secreted from the silk worm’s mouth to make the cocoons. This “spit-up” hardens upon contact with the air.
Chinese Writing SystemMore than 2,000 symbols to express words or ideas
Today’s Chinese symbols are still based on the Shang Dynasty symbols
Archeologist have found these symbols on cattle bones and turtle shells
Priests carved questions about the future on the bones & shells, heated them up till they cracked, and then read the oracles or predictions from the cracks
Shang bones 2:48
The “Dragon Bones” StoryFu Hao was married to King Wu Ding. He was a great warrior king, but he made peace with the surrounding tribes by marrying one women from each tribe and he ended up with 60 wives. She was smart enough to earn his favour by working in his government and he trusted her to perform special rituals and offer sacrifices, which was very unusual for a woman at that time, anywhere in the world.It was also very unusual for a woman be so powerful and to lead military campaigns. She was in charge of up to 13000 soldiers and was the boss of two generals Zhi and Hou Gao. The Shang had been fighting with the Tu-Fang for ages until Fu Hao defeated them once and for all. Then she won major battles against the Yi, Qiang and Ba tribes, and led the earliest recorded large-scale ambush in Chinese history.
http://lisahillschoolstuff.wikispaces.com/Fu+Hao,+Woman+Warrior
King Ding must have been very proud of her because he built a magnificent tomb for her after she died. Her battle-axes and other weapons were buried with her, along with sacrificial bronze vessels and tortoise shells which are marked prepared by Fu Hao. This shows that she was a high priestess and could cast oracles (which means that they thought she could tell the future).Fu Hao died about 1200 BC, but her name survives because the Chinese word 'Hao' means 'good'.
ReligionPolytheistic
Top god was Shang Ti- the Founder of the Shang Dynasty
Ancestor worship began in this period, as did the sacrifices to the gods
When Kings died, thousands of slaves were executed to serve him in the afterlife.
The kings tomb would be filled with objects and food that he would need in the afterlife- like Egyptians.
Summary of Shang 2:14
Shang Dynasty
government
religion
society
achievements
Kings ruled, nobles advisedKing at center of religion, priests used oracle bones to make predictions
Royal family/nobles at highest level. Artisans at middle level, farmers, slaves at lower levelsWriting system, use of bronze, calendar, ear chariots, and bows
The Zhou DynastyThe longest lasting
Dynasty in Chinese history- 900 years
Nomadic farmers settled near the Shang Dynasty’s kingdom
They were skilled fighters & farmers
They used iron weapons (stronger than the Shang’s bronze weapons)
Textbook page 167
Chinese Bronze Bells Music & Dance 2:53
Mandate of HeavenAfter the Zhou overtook the Shang Dynasty- they had to get the people to accept them as the new kings.
They claimed that heaven granted the emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly.
The Son of Heaven gives the right to a just ruler
The overthrow of a ruler meant he had lost the Mandate of Heaven because he was no longer worthy of it.
Zhou Government Structure
King gives land to the Lords
Lords preform military service
Lords protect the Peasants
Peasants work the farmland & service
Nobles
Zhou Accomplishments Huge public works, new dikes,
dams and canals, better agriculture, transportation, and communication
Civilization grew, more people than anywhere else
Road to ChaosInvasions from central
Asia (Warring States)
Lords began fighting
against each other
They lacked loyalty to anyone but themselves
Chaos began to reign
Ruling system crumbled as the Lords began declaring themselves kings
“Kung Fu-Tzu”or Confucius
Believed society should be like a family with everyone having roles & responsibilities
Wanted a return to ethics- moral values of the ancients
Lords ignored Confucius
Confucius was a traveling teacher
with great respect, sharing his ideas with all
After Confucius’ death- his students wrote down his proverbs or Analects
ConfucianismKung Fu-Tzu lived 551-479 BC
It is not a religion, but an ethical code of morals for individuals, society, and government
Primary goals: order, harmony, peace and happiness on earth
Achieved through education, self-effort, and self-reflection
Confucianism’s Five Relationships Most important principles deal with the ideal
standard of conduct that controls social action.
1. Parent-child: kindness in the father & obedient in the son
2. Husband-wife: righteous behavior in the husband & obedience in the wife
3. Elder sibling- younger sibling: gentility in the eldest brother & humility and respect in the younger
4. Elder friend- younger friend: humane consideration in elders & deference in juniors
5. Ruler- subject: benevolence in rulers & loyalty of ministers & subjects
Confucianism ImpactInitially spread through the Analects after his
death by his students
Later, his students too positions within the government
Ideals formed the basis fro the civil service exam in China
Became foundation of Chinese
education
Teachings spread to Korea and
JapanConfucius & Confucianism 8:20
Origins Founder
Principles
Diffusion
China during the Zhou Dynasty
After the end of feudalism crime was rampant and Confucius spoke of returning to the moral standards of the ancients
Kung Fu-Tzu (Confucius) 551-479 BC
Ethical code dealing with moral character of individuals, society, and government
Goals: order, harmony, peace, and happiness on earth
Achieved through education, self-effort, and self-achievement
Standard of conduct- Five Relationships
Students/ followers obtained government jobs
Analects of his teachings
Basis for Chinese Civil Servant Exam
Foundation for Chinese education
Teachings spread through Korea & Japan
TaosimLao Tse was the founder of this philosophy.
He lived before Confucius, but his teachings took longer to take rootTaoism grew as a reaction to the spread of
Confucianism and Buddhism
Tao (Dao) means “The Way” or “The Path”
Focus on achieving balance and harmony in the universe and your life
Nature represents balance & the way you live
Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff
Key concept: “Effortless doing” occurs when man’s efforts & actions are in harmony with the universe & not in conflict with the natural order
Harmony with nature
Reflects harmony and balance
Symbol emphasizes the Three Jewels:
compassion
moderation
humility
Tao Te Ching Text
Origins Founder Principles
Diffusion
Chinese philosophies merged into one basic teaching
Grew as a reaction to the spread of Confucianism and Buddhism
Lao- Tse “The Way” or “The Path”
Focus on achieving balance and harmony within nature
“effortless doing”- man’s actions are at one with nature
Symbol- Yin/Yang
The Three Jewels: compassion, moderation, & harmony
Tao Te Ching text
Spread to areas immediately near China
Incorporated into the teachings & beliefs of several philosophies and religions-most notable: Buddhism and Shintoism
Activity:Create a chart depicting the differences and similarities of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism
Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism 16:32