Ancient Egypt

The Nile River Valley3200 – 600 B.C.

Geography

GeographyEgypt began on the banks of the ____ River. TheNile flows 4160 miles _______ to the __________Sea. It is the________ river in the world. Whenthe Nile floods, it deposits rich ______ thatfertilizes the soil. Unlike the Tigris and Euphrates,the Nile floods in ________________. Along theNile, there are a series of ________ called____________. Ancient Egypt was the regionnorth of the ___________________ up to andincluding the ________________.

Nile north Mediterranean

longestsilt

regular cyclesrapids

cataractsFirst CataractNile Delta

GeographyAncient Egypt was first divided into twogeographical regions: ________ Egypt inthe _________ near the ________________Sea and ________ Egypt ________ of the________ and southward to the _________

Lowernorth Mediterranean

Upper southDelta First Cataract

First Cataract

Old Kingdom Egypt Around___________, the legendary king _______united his kingdom in ______________ with LowerEgypt in the Delta. He established the new capitalat __________ which was near the midpoint of thetwo regions. The Kings that followed Menesestablished _____________ or families of rulers. Eventually they would use the title of ___________which means _____________ The Pharaohs wereconsidered to be __________ and were worshiped.This created a ___________ form of government inwhich religion and state were united.

3100 B.C. MenesUpper Egypt

Memphis

dynastiespharaoh

“great house.”god-kings

theocratic

The Pharaohs believed that they could rule in the _______ through their eternal spirit called the ___To house the ka and the ______________ whichthe ka still needed, the Egyptians built __________ which were _______ The Great Pyramids at _____were the largest of the pyramids. _________pyramid was the largest; it was ______ feet tall and_____ feet square. All of the pyramids at _______Were built during the _______ Kingdom.

afterlife ka.pharaoh’s body

pyramidstombs. Giza

Khufu’s481

756 GizaOld

Khafre’s Pyramid at Giza

The Sphinx

Egyptian Culture

The Egyptians had a __________ religion. The following gods were their main gods: _____ was the _____ god. _______ was the___________________. ________ was thegod of ________, and _________ was godof the _______________.

polytheistic

Ra sun Isismother goddess Horus

light Osirisunderworld

Ra – the sun god

Isis – goddess

Horus – the god of light

Osiris- god of the dead

Weighing the dead

Mummification

Book of the Dead

The Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh neededhis body in the afterlife, so they invented theprocess of _________________- embalming anddrying the corpse to prevent _______. Ritualswere conducted for the afterlife. Religious ritesand rituals have been recorded in the __________________. Few copies of this bookexist since it was written on__________, a typeof river plant used as paper.

mummificationdecay

Book of the Deadpapyrus

Social Classes

Egypt had a ____________ social structure.• Highest: __________________• Upper: ________________________ ________________________• Middle: ________________________• Lower: ________________________

pyramidalRoyal familyGovernmental officials, priestsnobles & military commanders

Merchants and artisansFarmers & unskilled workers

Social Structure

• Women in Ancient Egypt had almost the ______ rights as most men. They could ______ property and sue for ________. They could also get ___________ or assistance from their ex-husband.

sameown divorce

alimony

Trade

Ancient Egyptians used the ________________. They traded_______,ivory, ________ and ______ to pay forbuilding temples and pyramids.They had a _________________ andtraded with the cultures from southernAfrica.

bartersystem gold

cattle grain

strong economy

Technology

Egyptian writing is known as ____________which means “sacred carvings.” Hieroglyphics are ___________ – picturesthat represent words. Hieroglyphics werewritten on _______ stone and _______walls as well as on ___________

hieroglyphics

pictograms

clay, tombpapyrus

Technology

The Egyptians also created the ____________________ based on Sirius or the _____________ Egyptians also developed__________ and treatments for_______________ and __________.Egyptians made advances in ____________and ___________

365-daycalendar DogStarsurgerybroken bones fevers

geometryastronomy

First Intermediate Period

• Pharaohs lose power around 2180 B.C.

• Period of cultural decline

Middle Kingdom

After a period of chaos called the FirstIntermediate Period, __________________gainedpower and established a period of order called the______________. The Middle Kingdom pharaohsstrengthened _____ and improved ____________They also improved the __________ system and drained swamps to create more __________ in theDelta.

an Egyptian family

Middle Kingdomtrade transportation

irrigationarable land

The Wheel invades Egypt

By 1640, however, a group of warriors whoused horse-drawn chariots invaded andconquered Egypt. From 1640 until 1570 BCthe Hyksos ruled Egypt. This period of history is called the 2nd IntermediatePeriod.