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RESEARCH, APA STYLE,
AND YOU
ELA INE M. PAT TON, MLSDigital Resource Professional aka Librarian
LSC-University Park Library
TODA
Y • FINDING SOURCES• FORMATTING YOUR
PAPER• CITATIONS
• References• In-text
SOURCESW H AT D E T E R M I N E S T H E P R E V I O U S C I TAT I O N S T U F F
FINDING YOUR SOURCE LoneStar.edu/library/article-databases
Social Sciences Recommended database: Psychology &
Behavioral Science Collection
You’ll want papers which are:
Peer-reviewed Full-text
EVALUATING SOURCESCheck for…
• Evidence• Does the information appear well-
researched?• Credibility
• Is the author reliable?• Expertise
• Does the author have a valid background in the subject?
• Relevance• Is the information about your topic? Is it
timely?• Bias
• Is the information opinionated? If so, acknowledge in your own paper.
KEY PARTS OF RESEARCH-BASED PAPERS
Article will have sections discussing the •methodology, •results, •discussion, and •conclusion
in addition to the abstract, author information, and references.
FORMATTING: PAGE LAYOUT• 12 point font
• 1” margins on all sides
• Times New Roman or other serifed font like
CourierSans-serifSerif
• Double-spaced
THE MAJOR PAPER COMPONENTS
1. Title page2. Abstract3. The paper itself4. References list
1 APA assignmen
t
4 pages
THE TITLE (COVER) PAGE
Image from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Page number:
Title page is page 1
Running head
(title of paper)
Paper title &Your information
TITLE PAGE ELEMENTS
RUNNING HEAD page #
Title of Paper
Your M. Name
Institution Name
RUNNING HEAD
• On every other page:
TITLE TITLE TITLE #
• On the TITLE page:
Running head: TITLE TITLE TITLE 1
ABSTRACT• After the title page, before your paper• Titled Abstract, centered on page• Concise 150-250 word summary of
your paper
LANGUAGE• Be concise and clear: don’t fluff your writing with unnecessary description or information nor complex language
• Use the active voice whenever possible
–Passive: Participants were asked…–Active: We asked participants…
LANGUAGE• To have Word check for passive voice:
• File–Options
• Proofing– Settings
Only valid in pre-Office 2016
versions of Word
CITATIONST H E R E F E R E N C E L I S T
CITATIONS…give the exact location of an information
sourcegive credit to this source for the ideas or
information within your work (and this lends authority to your work)
are placed on the References page of your paper as well as throughout the body
EXAMPLE CITATIONS FOR…
• Journal (online database)• Online magazine or newspaper article• Movie
IDENTIFY 4 BASIC ELEMENTS:
WHO wrote it WHAT did they call it
WHEN was it published
WHERE did it appear
ELEMENTS OF A CITATION FOR A JOURNAL ARTICLE FOUND IN AN ONLINE DATABASE
• Author(s)• Publication date• Title of article• Title of journal• Volume• Issue• Page numbers• Site retrieved from or
DOI DOI = Digital Object IdentifierLike an ISBN.
Semiz, U. B., Basoglu, C., Ebrinc, S., & Cetin, M. (2008, February). Nightmare
disorder, dream anxiety, and subjective sleep quality in patients with
borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry & Clinical Neuroscience,
62(1), 48-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2007.01789.x
Database journal article
ELEMENTS OF A CITATION FOR AN ONLINE ARTICLE
• Author(s)• Publication date• Article title• Magazine title• URL retrieved from
Pincott, J. (2012, November 5). What’s in a face? Psychology
Today. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com
Online article
ELEMENTS OF A CITATION FOR A MOVIE
• Producer(s)• Director• Publication year• Title• Format• Country of origin• Studio or distributor
Variable!
Golin, S., Bregman, A. (Producers), & Gondry, M. (Director). (2004).
Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind [DVD]. United States:
Universal Studios.
Movie: DVD
Movie: Streaming
Golin, S., Bregman, A. (Producers), & Gondry, M. (Director). (2004).
Eternal sunshine of the spotless mind [Streaming video].
Retrieved from http://www.Netflix.com
WHICH CITATION IS CORRECT?
A.) O’Neil, J. (2013, January 14). Equation of time solves mystery of gray mornings. New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
B.) O’Neil, John. (2013 Jan 14). “Equation of time solves mystery of gray mornings”. New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com.
IN-TEXT CITATIONST H E O T H E R H A L F
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
When do you use in-text citations?
If you didn’t originally think it or say it, attribute it!
Exception: commonly-known facts don’t need citations.
IN-TEXT CITATIONS• Include author(s), year, and page
number(s)• E.g.
(Author, 2012, p. 12)(Author, Author, & Author, 2012)(Author & Author, 2012, p. 12-13)
IN-TEXT CITATIONS• If you don’t have a piece of info, skip
it!• Your in-text citation will be whatever
the start of the citation on your References page is.
IN-TEXT CITATIONSSo long as you have all 3 elements, you can mix up how your in-text citations are introduced:
– According to X (2004), … (p. 19-20).– This is a statement (X, 2004, p. 50).– This has been accepted by X (2004), Y & Z
(2009), and A (2008).
IN-TEXT CITATIONS• Paraphrase
–Do not just swap out a few words with synonyms!
• Direct quote–Uses “quotation marks” around the
source content– If it’s longer than 40 words, no quotes:
make it a block quote with ½” margins
OTHER RESOURCES• UPresearch.LoneStar.edu/APA• APAstyle.org• OWL.english.purdue.edu
Each database will have a citation help tool, but these aren’t guaranteed to be accurate!
CONTACT THE LIBRARIANS•[email protected]
•[email protected] •In-person during normal library hours•Call: 281-401-5390•Text: 281-946-9879•Look for the Chat With A Librarian button on the website:
