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Ancient Athens
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Athens
Northeast of Sparta on the Aegean Sea
Naming Athens
King Akteos = Polis named =Akte / Aktike
King Kekrops = Polis named =Kekropia Married Aketos daughter Dragon Body
Naming Athens
The Final NamingKekrops
Naming Athens
Gods compete for the polis’s favor Poseidon – saltwater spring and the first
horse (favored by men of the polis) Athena – olive tree (favored by women of
the polis)
Athena = Athens
WHY??? An extra
woman
Kodros
Athens originally ruled by Kings Last King of Athens A heroic sacrifice (Oracle) & no more
kings (Spartan & Megarans)
A Change in the Government
600BCE- Oligarchy (power in the hands of a few) Rich landowners Poor owed the rich and rebelled
A New Type of Government
Draco “Drakon” (624BCE) Written Laws (aristocrats not
want because easy to interpret unwritten to their advantage)
Write laws in marble placed in agora so all can see them
Fail because the laws were too CRUEL!
A New Type of GovernmentSolon – (638-559 BCE)
Salamis Constitution Take away upper class power Set limits on land owned Erase all debts & free any
enslaved because of debt All people can take part in the
government (assembly & law court) Offer citizenship to non-Athenians All boys can be taught a trade Trade increases
A New Type of Government
Solon Continued
You can please some of the people some of the time, but you can't please all of the people all of the time -- Abraham Lincoln
What does this mean for SOLON?
A New Type of GovernmentPeisistratus – (608-527 BCE)) Solon’s cousin Supported by lower class Divide large estates so all can
own land Didn’t need land to be a citizen Encourage sculpture and other arts to beautify
Athens (created jobs for the poor) New Larger roads Temples 1st Greek Library for literature
Fix economy with his own money (loaned his own $$)
Beginning of Democracy
Peisistratus’s two sons take over (one helps kill the other and then runs away)
Cleisthenes Founder of Athens Democracy 1st democratic constitution
All people have a right to freedom of speech
Which Amendment is this?
The Parts of Cleisthenes’ Government
AssemblyAssembly All males Everyone can vote Debate matters openly Hear court cases Appoint 10 generals (army, navy, city
judges, and commander-in-chief)
The Parts of Cleisthenes’ Government
CouncilCouncil 500 men All males Propose Laws Deal with Foreign Countries Oversee the Treasury and how money
is spent
The Parts of Cleisthenes’ Government
CouncilCouncil Every citizen is on the council for two
years (pick out of a pot) If you wish to be in the council that year
you write your name on a piece of pottery and drop it in the pot
The Parts of Cleisthenes’ Government
Why is this fair??Why is this fair??Why are there no elections?Why are there no elections? Everyone has a chance to win and
serve their government If there was an election the rich would
have an unfair advantage.WHY??WHY??
Non-Citizens
Women Slaves Foreign Born men
Athens Vs USAAthens Vs USA
Athens Democracy
USA Democracy
Athens Culture - Boys
All boys are educated 7 – 18 years old go to private school or
tutor no public school Read Write Math Play Sports Sing & Play instruments
Well Rounded!Well Rounded!
Athens Culture - Boys
18 years old become a citizen with an oath in front of Zeus, family, and friends
I promise to make Athens better in war,
uphold their constitution and
respect their religion
Athens Culture - Boys
After 18 – What do they do?? Morning- Work Evening – Exercise and attend public
meetings
Athens Culture – Girls
Stay at home where they learned household duties such as how to spin and weave thread
If a girl is wealthy she is educated by a private tutor (read, write, & lyre)
Athens Culture – Girls
At the age of 14 –15 they are married Duties:
Take care of the house & kid Rich – servants take care of the house Poor – work in the field with their husbands
Rarely leave the house without a male chaperone
Athens Culture – Girls
Can’t Own Property Women answer to men (like Meso)
Athens Culture – Girls
Some women were completely free!!
Aspasia Not Athenian Free Taught public speaking Plato & Pericles came to her
for advice