AUDIENCE RECEPTION THEORY

Lavis

Who came up with this idea? 'Godfather of

multiculturalism' Stuart Hall dies aged 82, Feb 10th 2014.

Known as the "godfather of multiculturalism", Hall had a huge influence on academic, political and cultural debates for over six decades.

Stuart Hall's writing on race, gender, sexuality and identity was considered groundbreaking. 

Fig 1. Professor Stuart Hall

What does Stuart say?

Audience reception theory has come to be widely used as a way of characterizing the wave of audience research which occurred within communications and cultural studies during the 1980s and 1990s.

This work has adopted a "culturalist" perspective, has tended to use qualitative(non numerical statistics) methods of research and has tended to be concerned, one way or another, with exploring the active choices, uses and interpretations made of media materials, by their consumers.

British Sociologist Stuart Hall and his communication model first revealed in an essay titled “Encoding/Decoding."

 Hall proposed a new model of mass communication which highlighted the importance of active interpretation within relevant codes. Hall's model of communication moved away from the view that the media had the power to directly cause a certain behaviour in an individual, while at the same time holding onto the role of media as an agenda-setting function. Hall's model put forward three central premises:

1) the same event can be encoded in more than one way; 2) the message contains more than one possible reading;

and 3) understanding the message can be a problematic

process, regardless of how natural it may seem.

Halls’ ideas continued.

In "Encoding/Decoding", Hall addressed the issue of how people make sense of media texts, and presented three hypothetical methods of decoding. Hall often used examples involving televised media to explain his ideas. Hall argued that the dominant ideology is typically inscribed as the 'preferred reading' in a media text, but that this is not automatically adopted by readers. The social situations of readers/viewers/listeners may lead them to adopt different stances. 'Dominant' readings are produced by those whose social situation favours the preferred reading; 'negotiated' readings are produced by those who inflect the preferred reading to take account of their social position; and 'oppositional' readings are produced by those whose social position puts them into direct conflict with the preferred reading.