Week 38Week 38

The Six Kingdoms – A P E A P FThe Six Kingdoms – A P E A P F

•Ch. 17.2 pg 450

Eubacteria&

ArchaebacteriaNo nucleus

Yes nucleus

KingdomProtist

KingdomFungi

KingdomPlant

KingdomAnimal

KingdomArchaebacteria

KingdomBacteria

Prokaryotes

Eukaryotes

5 ways to determine evolutionary 5 ways to determine evolutionary

relationshipsrelationships

1 similar structures 1 similar structures

2. breeding behavior 2. breeding behavior

3. geographic distribution 3. geographic distribution

4. chromosome comparisons 4. chromosome comparisons

5. biochemistry5. biochemistry

lynx bobcat

Make different sounds, mate only with their own group Chromosome 2Red panda Giant panda Bear

phylogenyphylogeny

The evolutionary history of a speciesThe evolutionary history of a species

timeCommon ancest or

cladisticscladistics

classification system based on classification system based on phylogenyphylogeny

time

Common ancestor

cladogramcladogram

A branching diagram that identifies a groups A branching diagram that identifies a groups

derived traitsderived traits

classification system based on phylogenyclassification system based on phylogeny

time

Common ancestor

derived traitderived trait

Unique inherited trait retained from a Unique inherited trait retained from a common ancestorcommon ancestor

fan diagramfan diagram

A model that may A model that may communicate communicate

the time organisms the time organisms became extinct became extinct

or or

the relative number the relative number of species in a groupof species in a group

See pg. 454 See pg. 454

prokaryotesprokaryotes Bacteria – Bacteria – unicellular unicellular microscopic microscopic organisms with no organisms with no nuclear membranenuclear membrane

– one-celled organismsone-celled organisms– microscopicmicroscopic– no organellesno organelles

have cell membranehave cell membranehave DNAhave DNA

– most common form of life on Earthmost common form of life on Earth– incredible number of different kindsincredible number of different kinds

heterotrophheterotroph

consumer in food consumer in food chains, eats other chains, eats other organisms for organisms for energyenergy

autotrophautotroph

capable of capable of synthesizing its synthesizing its own foodown food

chemosynthetichemosyntheticc

organisms obtain organisms obtain energy from the energy from the break down of break down of compounds with compounds with sulfur and nitrogensulfur and nitrogen

photosynthetiphotosyntheticc

trapping sunlight with chlorophyll to convert CO2 and water into simple sugars and O2

Kingdom Kingdom ArchaebacteriArchaebacteri

aaKingdom whose Kingdom whose

organisms live in organisms live in extremely hot, salty, extremely hot, salty, or oxygen-free or oxygen-free environmentsenvironments

Kingdom Kingdom EubacteriaEubacteria

Kingdom that includes Kingdom that includes helpful, harmless helpful, harmless and harmful and harmful bacteria (strep bacteria (strep throat, pneumonia)throat, pneumonia)

Bacterial diversityBacterial diversityrods and spheres and spirals… Oh My!

Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Protista

Eukaryote that lacks complex organ Eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist systems and lives in moist enviromentsenviromentsAlgae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water MoldsAlgae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water Molds

Kingdom FungiKingdom Fungi

Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not move from place to place, absorbs move from place to place, absorbs nutrients from the organic materials nutrients from the organic materials in the environmentin the environment

Kingdom Kingdom PlantaePlantae

Multicellular Multicellular photosynthetic photosynthetic eukaryotes, eukaryotes, none moves none moves from place to from place to placeplace

Kingdom AnimaliaKingdom AnimaliaMulticellular heterotrophic Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes, most are able to move eukaryotes, most are able to move from place to placefrom place to place

Dichotomous Key Dichotomous Key pg 460pg 460

A set of paired A set of paired statements statements that can be that can be used to identify used to identify organisms, organisms, finally reaching finally reaching the name of the name of the organism the organism or group to or group to which it which it belongsbelongs

EC - 2 EC - 2 examplesexamples

Closeness of a Closeness of a relationship relationship between two between two organisms can organisms can found by found by comparing DNA comparing DNA base sequencesbase sequencesamino acid amino acid sequences in sequences in proteinsproteins

HW- Make a poster HW- Make a poster How are evolutionary relationships How are evolutionary relationships determined? determined?

oror

Draw a cladogram and label what it shows Draw a cladogram and label what it shows

4 pts – title, illustrations show great care, descriptions show excellent 4 pts – title, illustrations show great care, descriptions show excellent understandingunderstanding

3pt – as above, but satisfactory level work3pt – as above, but satisfactory level work

And now the quiz….And now the quiz….

11

Unique inherited trait retained from a Unique inherited trait retained from a common ancestorcommon ancestor

22organisms that organisms that obtain energy from obtain energy from the break down of the break down of compounds with compounds with sulfur and nitrogensulfur and nitrogen are…..are…..

33organisms that trap sunlight with chlorophyll to convert CO2 and water into simple sugars and O2

are …

4 Kingdom 4 Kingdom ______________________Multicellular Multicellular photosynthetic photosynthetic eukaryotes, eukaryotes, none moves none moves from place to from place to placeplace

5 Kingdom 5 Kingdom ______________________

Kingdom of the first living Kingdom of the first living organisms, bacteria, live organisms, bacteria, live in extremely hot, salty, in extremely hot, salty, or oxygen-free or oxygen-free environments, they are environments, they are chemosynthetic chemosynthetic

6 Kingdom 6 Kingdom ___________ ___________ Kingdom that includes Kingdom that includes

helpful, harmless and helpful, harmless and harmfulharmful bacteria (strep bacteria (strep throat, pneumonia)throat, pneumonia)

7 7

A set of paired A set of paired statements statements that can be that can be used to identify used to identify organisms, organisms, finally reaching finally reaching the name of the name of the organism the organism or group to or group to which it which it belongsbelongs

88

classification system based on classification system based on phylogenyphylogeny

time

Common ancestor

99

consumer in food consumer in food chains, eats other chains, eats other organisms for organisms for energyenergy

1010

capable of capable of synthesizing its synthesizing its own foodown food

1111

Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not Kingdom of heterotrophs that do not move from place to place, absorbs move from place to place, absorbs nutrients from the organic materials nutrients from the organic materials in the environmentin the environment

1212 Bacteria – Bacteria – unicellular unicellular microscopic microscopic organisms with organisms with no no nuclear membranenuclear membrane

– one-celled organismsone-celled organisms– microscopicmicroscopic– no organellesno organelles

have cell membranehave cell membranehave DNAhave DNA

– most common form of life on Earthmost common form of life on Earth– incredible number of different kindsincredible number of different kinds

13 Kingdom _____13 Kingdom _____

Eukaryote that lacks complex organ Eukaryote that lacks complex organ systems and lives in moist systems and lives in moist enviromentsenviromentsAlgae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water MoldsAlgae, Protozoa, Slime Molds, and Water Molds

1414

The evolutionary history of a speciesThe evolutionary history of a species

timeCommon ancest or

1515

A branching diagram that identifies a groups A branching diagram that identifies a groups

derived traitsderived traits

classification system based on phylogenyclassification system based on phylogeny

time

Common ancestor

16 Kingdom ______16 Kingdom ______Multicellular heterotrophic Multicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes, most are able to move eukaryotes, most are able to move from place to placefrom place to place

EC EC

Closeness of a Closeness of a relationship relationship between two between two organisms can organisms can found by found by comparing DNA comparing DNA base sequencesbase sequencesamino acid amino acid sequences in sequences in proteinsproteins

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