Bangladesh

People's Republic of Bangladesh

By Sajid Bin Rashid

Capital City: Dhaka

Population: 171,700,000

Area: 147,570 km2

Languages : Bangla, English

Religion: Islam

Government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic

Anthem: Amar Sonar Bangla

Demonym: Bangladeshi

Currency: Taka (৳) (BDT)

Time zone: BST (UTC+6)

Calling code: +880

Legislature: Jatiyo Sangshad

Maps of Bangladesh

Flag of Bangladesh

Emblem of Bangladesh

Government Seal of Bangladesh

Geography Bangladesh is a low-lying, riverine country located in

South Asia with a largely marshy jungle coastline of 580 km (360 mi) on the northern littoral of the Bay of Bengal. Formed by a delta plain at the confluence of the Ganges (Padma), Brahmaputra (Jamuna), and Meghna Rivers and their tributaries, Bangladesh's alluvial soil is highly fertile, but vulnerable to flood and drought. Hills rise above the plain only in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the far southeast and the Sylhet division in the northeast.

Climate Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate characterized by

wide seasonal variations in rainfall, high temperatures, and high humidity. Regional climatic differences in this flat country are minor. Three seasons are generally recognised: a hot, muggy summer from March to June; a hot, humid and rainy monsoon season from June to November; and a warm-hot, dry winter from December to February. In general, maximum summer temperatures range between 38 and 41 °C (100.4 and 105.8 °F). April is the hottest month in most parts of the country. January is the coolest month, when the average temperature for most of the country is 16–20 °C (61–68 °F) during the day and around 10 °C (50 °F) at night.

Agriculture Bangladesh is mainly an agricultural country. About 85% of our total

population depends on agriculture directly or indirectly. The soil of

Bangladesh is fertile and its climate is favorable for agricultural

product. rich and jute are the main agricultural products of our

country. Rich is our principal food and jute is our main cash crop.

Other valuable crops are various kinds of pulse, sugarcane, betel

nut and betel left, vegetables are also important among the

products of our country. The commonest of them are potato,

brinnal, onion, garlic, radish and p umpkin. In view of the fact that

agriculture is the backbone of our national economy, to-priority

should be given for the development of our agriculture. The

government of Bangladesh has undertaken various programs for

the improvement of agriculture.

River’s of Bangladesh Bangladesh is a land of rivers. She is in fact cross-crossed by numerous rivers.

These river are very useful to the overall development of the country. The river here are full to the brim in the rainy season. But in winter they take a very shabby look. There are many rivers in Bangladesh. Of them The Padma, The Meghna, The Jamuna, The Karnaphuli, The Brahammaputra etc are the big and main rivers. Apart from these, there are many other small river almost all over the country. The rivers of Bangladesh play a very important role in various sectors.

Firstly, They are a huge source of fishes. Actually the rivers are a real sanctuary of fishes which d one of our main food items. Secondly, The agriculture sector of our country largely depends on those rivers for irrigation. Thirdly, Some nightly river are also great source of energy. For example: The hydro-electric project on the river Karnnafuly can remove the power shortage of Bangladesh to a great extent. Fourthly, Our river are the main way of communication. Moreover the rivers carry silt with them which increases the fertility of our lands. They are also a great source of natural beauties.

Father of the Nation

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

(1920-1975)

National Anthem

National Poet

Kazi Nazrul Islam

National Animal

Royal Bengal Tiger

National Bird

Doyel

National Flower

Water lily

National Tree

Mango Tree

National Fruit

Jackfruit

National Game

Kabadi

National Mosque

Baitul Mukarram

National Zoo

Bangladesh National Zoo

National Museum

Central Bank

Bangladesh Bank

Legislature

Jatiyo Sangshad

National Monument

Central Shaheed Minar

National Martyrs' Memorial

Jatiyo Sriti Shoudho

Bangladesh's First President: Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

Acting President: Syed Nazrul Islam

Prime Minister: Tajuddin Ahmad

Female Prime Minister: Begum Khaleda Zia

Speaker of Parliament: Mohammad Ullah

Chief Justice: A.S.M. Sayem

Minister of external affairs: A.H.M. Kamrujjaman

Finance minister: Captain M. Monsur Ali

Attorney General: M.H. Khandaker

Army Chief: General Ataul Ghani Osmani

Air Force Chief: A.K. Khandaker

Election Commissioner: Justice Mohammed Idris

Bangladesh Bank Governor: A.N. Hamidullah

Everest winner: Musa Ibrahim

Female Everest winner: Nishat Mozumdar

Festivals Pohela Boishakh, the Bengali new year, is the major festival of

Bengali culture and sees widespread festivities. Of the major holidays celebrated in Bangladesh, only Pohela Boishakh comes without any preexisting expectations (specific religious identity, culture of gift-giving, etc.). Unlike holidays like Eid al-Fitr, where dressing up in lavish clothes has become a norm, or Christmas where exchanging gifts has become an integral part of the holiday, Pohela Boishakh is really about celebrating the simpler, rural roots of the Bengal. As a result, more people can participate in the festivities together without the burden of having to reveal one's class, religion, or financial capacity. Other cultural festivals include Nabonno, and Poush porbon (festival of Poush), both Bengali harvest festivals.

Economy Bangladesh is a developing country, with a market-

based mixed economy and is listed as one of the

Next Eleven emerging markets. The per capita

income of Bangladesh was US$1,190 in 2014, with a

GDP of US$209 billion. In South Asia, Bangladesh has

the third-largest economy after those of India and

Pakistan, and has the second highest foreign

exchange after India. The Bangladeshi diaspora

contributed US$15.31 billion in remittances in 2015.

Military As of 2012, the current strength of the army is around

300,000 including reservists, the air force 22,000, and navy 24,000.In addition to traditional defence roles, the military has been called on to provide support to civil authorities for disaster relief and internal security during periods of political unrest. Bangladesh has consistently been the world's largest contributor to UN peacekeeping forces for many years. In February 2015, Bangladesh had major deployments in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Darfur, Côte d'Ivoire, Haiti, South Sudan, Lebanon, Cyprus and the Golan Heights.

Bangladesh Armed Forces Motto: "Ever High is head!

Founded: 4 April 1971

Service/branches: Bangladesh Army

Bangladesh Air Force

Bangladesh Navy

Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment

Commander-in-Chief: President of Bangladesh

Minister of Defence: Prime Minister

Bangladesh Army Active: 26 March 1971–present

Country: Bangladesh

Allegiance: Constitution of Bangladesh

Type: Army

Part of: Bangladesh Armed Forces

Army Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment

Nickname(s): BA/BD Army

Motto: "In War, In Peace We are Everywhere for our Country"

Colors: Black, Green

March: Chol Chol Chol

Bangladesh Air Force Active: 1971–present

Country: Bangladesh

Allegiance: People's Republic of Bangladesh

Type: Military aviation


Headquarters: Dhaka Cantonment

Nickname(s): BAF

Motto: Free shall we keep the sky of Bangladesh

Colors: Light Sky, Deep sky

Patron: The President of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Navy Active: 1971–present

Country: Bangladesh

Allegiance: People's Republic of Bangladesh

Type: Navy


Headquarters: NHQ, Banani, Dhaka

Nickname(s): BN

Motto: In War and Peace Invincible at Sea

Colors: White, Blue

Patron: The President of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Liberation War Date 26 March – 16 December 1971

Location Bangladesh ( East Pakistan)

Result Bangladesh Win

Territorial changes East Pakistan secedes from Pakistan and becomes Bangladesh

Commanders M. A. G. Osmani, J.“. Aurora & other’s Ba gladesh A.A.K. Niazi, Rao Farman Ali & other’s Pakista

Strength Bangladesh Forces & Indian Forces : 675,000

Pakistani Forces: 480,000

Highest military award (Bir Sreshtho) The Bir Sreshtho is the highest military award of Bangladesh. It was awarded to

seven freedom fighters who showed utmost bravery and died in action for their nation. They are considered martyrs.The other three gallantry awards are named, in decreasing order of importance, Bir Uttom, Bir Bikrom and Bir Protik. All of these awards were introduced immediately after the Liberation War in 1971.

The award was published by the Bangladesh Gazette on 15 December 1973. It is the highest military award of Bangladesh, similar to the American Medal of Honor or the British Victoria Cross. It has only been given in 1973 to seven people. Listed below are the people who have received the Bir Srestho.

1. Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir

2. Sepahi Hamidur Rahman

3. Sepahi Mostafa Kamal

4. Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin

5. Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman

6. Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf

7. Lance Naik Nur Mohammad Sheikh

Division’s of Bangladesh Dhaka

Chittagong

Khulna

Barisal

Mymensingh

Rajshahi

Rangpur

Sylhet

Dhaka Division Country: Bangladesh

Capital: Dhaka

Area: 20,593.74 km2


Districts: 13

Upazilas: 93

Union Councils: 1,833

Chittagong Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 33,771.18 km2


Districts: 11

Upazilas: 97

Union Councils: 336

Barisal Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 13,225.20 km2


Established: 1797

Districts: 6

Upazilas: 39

Union Councils: 333

Khulna Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 22,284.22 km2


Districts: 10

Upazilas: 59

Union Councils: 270

Mymensingh Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 10,584.06


Districts: 4

Upazilas: 34

Union Councils: 350

Rajshahi Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 18,174.4 km2


Districts: 8

Upazilas: 70

Union Councils: 558

Rangpur Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 16,184.99 km2


Districts: 8

Upazilas: 58

Union Councils: 536

Sylhet Division Country: Bangladesh

Area: 12,298.4 km2


Districts: 4

Upazilas: 38

Union Councils: 334

Population

Year Population

1970 6. 50 crore

1980 8.13 crore

1990 10.59 crore

2000 13.12 crore

2010 15.16 crore

2016 16.29 crore

Bangladesh's largest Dam: Kaptai dam

Jute mill: Adamjee Jute Mill

Railway station: Kamlapur (Dhaka)

Mosque: Baitul Mukarram National Mosque

Airport: Shah Jalal International Airport

Park: Suhrawardy Udyan

Upazila(Area) : Baghaichori (1981 sq km)

District: Rangamati (6116 sq km)

Island: Bhola (386 sq km)

University: Dhaka University

Museum: Dhaka National Museum

Zoo: Bangladesh National Zoo

Hospital: Dhaka Medical College Hospital

Stadium: Bangabandhu National

Stadium

Bank: Bangladesh Bank

City: Dhaka

Sea port: Chittagong sea port

Hotel: Hotel Sonargaon, Dhaka

Longest Sea Beach in the World Co ’s Bazaar Sea Beach is the largest sea beach in the world. It

is situated at the shore of the Bay of Bengal to the most

southern part of our country. This sea beach is 120 kilometers

long. Every year many tourists come here from home and

abroad to enjoy its natural beauty. The scene of sunrise and

sunset can be enjoyed from this beach. People collect sea-

shells, pearls etc. from this sea beach. This is very fascinating

and a great attraction for all the beauty lovers.

Highest Mountain Tajingdong is a mountain of Bangladesh. Officially it

is the highest mountain of Bangladesh. It is located in

Ruma upazila in Bandarban district. The official

height of the mountain Tajingdong is 1280 meters

(2723 feet). The local tribal language, 'tajim' means

big and 'Dong' means mountain, the mountain is

named after the two words from the Tajingdong.

Officially it name is Bijo .

Important Days Homeland return day 10 January

International Mother Language day 21 February

Agartala conspiracy withdrawal day 22 February

National flag uphold day 2 March

National Child day 17 March

National day 26 March

Mujib Nagar day 17 April

National Mourning day 15 August

Murder of Jail day 3 November

Armed force day 21 November

Shahid Buddhijibi day 14 December

Victory day 16 December

Languages Bangla (Bengali) being the sole official language and also the de

facto national language of Bangladesh, English is sometimes used secondarily for official purposes, especially in the judiciary.

More than 98% of Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their native language.English is also used as a second language among the middle and upper classes and is also widely used in higher education and the legal system.Historically, laws were written in English and were not translated into Bangla until 1987. Bangladesh's Constitution and all laws are now in both English and Bangla.

Stranded Pakistani Biharis since 1971 living in various camps in Bangladesh speak Urdu. Similarly, Rohingya Refugees from Burma since 1978 living in various camps in Bangladesh speak Rohingya. There are also several indigenous minority languages.

Religion

Islam Hindu Buddhist other's

Sports Cricket is one of the most popular sports in Bangladesh, followed by football. The

national cricket team participated in their first Cricket World Cup in 1999, and the

following year was granted elite Test cricket status. In 2011, Bangladesh

successfully co-hosted the ICC Cricket World Cup 2011 with India and Sri Lanka. In

2012, the country hosted the Asia Cup. They participated at the 2010 Asian Games

in Guangzhou, defeating Afghanistan to claim their Gold Medal in the first ever

cricket tournament held in the Asian Games. Bangladeshi cricketer Sakib Al Hasan

is no.1 on the ICC's all-rounder rankings in all three formats of the cricket.

Kabaddi is a very popular game in Bangladesh, considered the national game.

International Airports Bangladesh has 3 international Airports. These are:

1. Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport (Dhaka)

2. Shah Amanat International Airport (Chittagong)

3. Osmani International Airport (Sylhet)

Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport Airport type: Public / Military

Owner: Bangladesh Government

Operator: Civil Aviation Authority, Bangladesh

Serves: Dhaka

Location: Kurmitola

Elevation AMSL: 27 ft / 8 m

Passenger movements: 15,554,215

Cargo handled (tonnes): 300,075

Shah Amanat International Airport Airport type: Public / Military



Serves: Chittagong, Bangladesh

Location: Patenga

Elevation AMSL: 12 ft / 4 m

Osmani International Airport Airport type: Public



Serves: Sylhet, Bangladesh

Location: Sylhet

Elevation : 50 ft / 15 m

Sea Ports Bangladesh has 3 sea port. These are:

1. Port of Chittagong

2. Port of Mongla

3. Port of Payra

Port of Chittagong Country: Bangladesh

Location: Chittagong, Chittagong Division

Opened: 1887

Operated by: Chittagong Port Authority

Owned by: Government of Bangladesh

Annual cargo tonnage: 43.37 million (2012-13)

Port of Mongla Country: Bangladesh

Location: Bagerhat

Opened: 1950

Operated by: Mongla Port Authority

Owned by: Government of Bangladesh

Import-export : 3 million metric tons (per year)

Currency (Bangladeshi Taka) ISO 4217 code: BDT

Central bank: Bangladesh Bank

User(s): Bangladesh

Inflation: 6.17 %

Symbol: ৳

Coins: ৳1, ৳2, ৳5

Banknotes: ৳2, ৳5, ৳10, ৳20, ৳50, ৳100, ৳500 &

৳1000

Printer: The Security Printing Corporation Bangladesh Ltd.

Photos of Bangladeshi Taka

THE END

Education

Bangladesh