LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS

CREATED BY: - PANKAJ KUMAR SHARMA DEPARTMENT : - MECHANICAL ENROLMENT NO. : - IIU/M.E/BT-10/1596 UNIVERSITY: - INDUS INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

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CONTENTS:- …….What is a Boiler basically and a general difference between a

steam generator and boiler?What is Locomotive Boiler?Principle of Steam Locomotives.Construction & Working of a Locomotive Boiler.Specification of Locomotive boiler (Made at Chitranjan Works

India).Advantages, Features & Disadvantages of Locomotive Boiler.Major application & statistics of locomotive used locomotive

boiler (THE KITSON-STILL STEAM-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE).26 Nov. 2013

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What Is A Boiler Basically & General Difference Between Steam Generator and A Boiler?

Boiler or steam generator is a device used to create steam by applying heat energy to water.

Boilers has its own specifications like steam rated, & rated pressure.

Generally, boilers use external fuel, whereas steam generator might act as a exchanger of heat.

Although the definitions are somewhat flexible, it can be said that older steam generators were commonly termed boilers worked at low to medium pressure (1-300 psi/0.069-20.684 bar; 6.895-2068.427 kpa) but, at pressures above this, it is more usual to speak of a steam generators.

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LOCOMOTIVE BOILER? Locomotive boiler is the horizontal fire tube boiler in which hot gases pass through the

tubes and water surrounds them. Transferred heat from the gases to water and then converted into steam. It may also be used as a stationary boiler.

A locomotive boiler is the central part of the engine for any steam-powered locomotive train. It is also defined as a steel shell containing water which is converted into steam, by the heat of the fire in the firebox, to energy to move the locomotive. Its main requirement is it should produce steam at a very high rate. Therefore, this boiler requires a large amount of heating surface and large grate area to burn coal at a rapid rate. . In order to provide the large heating surface area, a large number of fire tubes are setup and heat transfer rate is increased by creating strong draught by means of steam jet.

Locomotive-type boilers are used in traction engines, steam rollers, & portable engines.

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PRINCIPLE OF STEAM LOCOMOTIVES

Steam locomotives operate by converting heat energy into mechanical energy.

This requires a heat source, a locomotive boiler to generate steam and cylinders converting the thermal energy contained in steam to mechanical energy, which can be used to perform work.

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CONSTRUCTION OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

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CONSTRUCTION OF A LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

The locomotive boiler consists of a cylindrical barrel with a rectangular fire box at one end and a smoke box at the other end.

The fire box is entirely surrounded by water except for the fire hole and the ash pit which is situated below the fire box which is fitted with dampers at its front and back ends. Dampers control the flow of air to grate.

The generated hot gases pass from the fire box to the smoke box through a series of fire tubes and then they are discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney. Fire tubes are placed inside the barrel.

Some of the tubes are of larger diameter and some of the tubes are of smaller diameter. The superheater tubes are placed inside the fire tubes of larger diameter.

A dome shaped chamber known as steam dome is fitted on the upper part of the barrel, from where the steam flows through a steam pipe into the chamber. A regulator is also fitted here to regulate the flow of steam.

Superheated steam chamber is fitted to the right of the chimney, which collects the superheated steam.

Exhaust steam is discharged through the blast pipe to the chimney from the cylinders.

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WORKING OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

The coal is introduced through the fire hole into the grate which is placed at the bottom of the fire box.

The hot gases which are generated are deflected by an arch of fire bricks to heat the walls of fire box properly.

The heat of the hot gases is transmitted into the water through the heating surfaces of the fire tubes. The steam generated is collected over the water surface.

The steam flow through a steam pipe from the steam dome into the chamber. The flow of steam is regulated by means of a regulator.

From the chamber steam passes through the superheater tubes and returns to the superheated steam chamber from which it is led to the cylinders through pipes, one to each cylinder.

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A PICTURE OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

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SPECIFICATIONS OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

Dimensions and Specifications of the locomotive boiler made at Chitranjan Works in India are given below:

Barrel Diameter --------------- 2.095m Length of the barrel ---------- 5.206m Size of the tubes (superheater) – 14cm No. of superheater tubes ----- 38 Size of ordinary tubes ---------- 5.72cm No. of ordinary tubes ----------- 116 Steam Capacity ------------------- 9000 kg/h Working Pressure ---------------- 14 bar Grate Area ------------------------- 4.27 m2 Heating Surface ------------------- 271 m2 Efficiency --------------------------- 70%26 Nov. 2013

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ADVANTAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

Large rate of steam generation per square metre of heating surface.

Low cost of construction. Portability. Low installation cost because It is free from brickwork, special

foundation and chimney. It is very compact.

Pressure of steam is limited to 20 bar.

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FEATURES OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

The evaporative capacity of this boilers is high compared with other boilers (20,000 to 40,000kg/hr). The operating pressure lies between 11.5 to 17.5 bar.

The draught loss is minimum compared with other boilers. The defective tubes can be replaced easily. The entire boiler rests over an iron structure, independent of

brick work, so that the boiler may expand or contract freely. The brick walls which form the surroundings of the boiler are

only to enclose the furnace and the hot gases.

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DISADVANTAGES OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

There is more chances of corrosion and scale formation in the water legs due to the accumulation of sediments and the mud particles.

Large flat surfaces need bracing. It cannot carry high overloads without being damaged by

overheating. There are practical constructional limits for pressure and

capacity which do not meet requirements.

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MAJOR APPLICATION OF LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

THE KITSON-STILL STEAM-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE Mostly locomotive boiler is used to move the locomotive trains. It may also

be used as a stationary boiler. One of the example of its uses is given below:

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THE KITSON-STILL STEAM-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE

The Kitson-Still Locomotive was an attempt to combine the fuel economy of the diesel engine with the high starting torque of the steam locomotive, in order to remove the need for a gearbox for the Diesel part.

Steam from the oil-fired boiler was used in overload conditions, for running the locomotive auxiliaries, and for train heating.

The actual engine was a horizontally opposed 8-cylinder design; the 4 inner cylinders (nearer the crankshaft) were steam-powered, while the 4 outside cylinders (furthest from the crankshaft) were Diesel.

There were many problems ; out of which poor boiler performance is the only one when the test began in April 1928. The loco did its last test runs in 1933.

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THE KITSON-STILL STEAM-DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE

The working pressure of this locomotive was 200 psi, but apparently this would drop to 135psi on starting; and it is an awfully big loss of pressure. The locomotive would change from steam to diesel operation at an engine speed of about 30rpm.

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A PICTURE OF LOCOMOTIVE TRAIN USED LOCOMOTIVE BOILER

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So, IN THE END……….,

FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND FOR PATIENTLY

LISTENING …..............26 Nov. 2013