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Slides for Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences, course "Information Systems"
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Welcome to the course!
● Your name?● Backgrounf in IS:
– Role (user, developer, tester, customer)
– Examples of IS you have used/seen?
● Expectations
Course aims
● Understand the definition, purpose and an abstract model of an IS;
● Get overwiev of different types of IS and their application areas, along with typical examples of IS (both opensource and commercial)
● Intriduce basics of system analysis with relevant methodologies, tools and techniques.
How we do it?
● Lectures (face-to-face and distant, over Google Hangouts) and teamwork
● Final exam, consists of– Hometask (40%)
– Cross-evaluation (20%)
– Moodle test (40%)
Additional reading
● Management Information Systems. (Kenneth C. Laudon, Jane P. Laudon)
● The Road Ahead (Bill Gates)
Let's start!
The purpose of IS● Main purpose: to help manager make
“right” decition in “right” time● In addition:
– Store and process data (data banks)
– “Flatten” organizational structure
– Simplify business processes
– Save on time, money and workforce
– Increase customer satisfaction ratio
Components of IS
● Data (or, information)● Technology (hatrware&software) to
manage data (gather, store, process, analyse, transmit, report)
● People (roles, competences, knowledge)● Regulations (rules, business processes)
anout applying technologies to data
IS defitition● IS is a collection of hardware, software,
data, people and procedures that work together to produce quality information.
● IS does not mean “piece of software” and can exist even without computers!
– Examples, please!
Key definitions (1/3)
● Data: classified facts about everything in the world.
– Format (number, text, image, voice)
– Medium (paper, file, film)
– Operations (cut-copy-paste, clone, delete)
Key definitions (2/3)
● Information: data with its semantics (meaning to recipient)
– Decreses level of uncertainity
– Extremely subjective (90-60-90 problem)
– Has great value (compared to raw data)
Big data problem
● Twitter messages: 400M per day● YouTube videos: 100h per minute● Facebook likes: 30 000 per second● E-mails: 1M per minute
Who and how can find potential problems? Where to store it? Etc...
IS value
● Why IS costs 99999999999€?– Value of IS is proportional to a level of
complexity of decisions, that can be made based on processed data;
– One-time investment compared to the amount of money that can be saved, or earned, with help of IS
Before and After IS (1/2)
Figure 1-9
Before and After IS (2/2)
Figure 1-10
Digital firm
● Operates business continuously in a global workplace
● Adapts business strategies to meet market demands
● Creates business value from technology investments
● Drives efficiency improvements in customer relationship management, inventory and supply chain, sales, etc.
Figure 1-11
Computer-based IS evolution● 1950/60 – basic processes automation ● 1960/70 – enterprise resource planning● 1980/90 – analytics and expert advisory● 2000/10 – ubiquitous information systems
(social-integrated complex web-based enterprise-wide information systems 8-)
IS abstract model
Computer-based IS model
IS requirements
● Organization with its stakeholders, aimes, questions to be answered (who and which decision wants to make)?
● Data sources, permanent dat flow● Well-described business processes
(rules, limitations, standards)● Relevant technology ● Team with a strong leader (CIO)
Components of acomputer-based information system
Hardware
● Input-output devices ● Data storage● Power, cooling, ventilation● Telecommunications and networking● Processing units● Infrastructure objects (buildings, etc)
Software
● Operating systems● Security assets (antivirus, VPN, firewall,
IDS/IPS, identification)● Monitoring● Data backup ● Office applications
Peopleware
● Stakeholders, investors● Product owner● System architect, business analyst● Software developers, designers, testers● Technical writer, system administrator ● Customer support specialists● Customers, partners, users, etc
IS technology priorities
● Cloud computing● Virtualization● Mobile technologies● Business intelligence● Big data, warehousing and data mining● Unified communications● Security management and risk mitigation● Web and social integration
IS classification
(a) by interaction level
● Replaces people vs assists people– Examples, please
● Real-time vs batch-processing– Examples, please
(b) by management level● Operational
– monitor and automate the day-to-day’s elementary activities and transactions, support workers with required knowledge
● Management– support the monitoring, controlling,
decision-making, and administrative activities of middle managers
● Strategic– support long-range planning activities of
senior management
(c) by purpose
● Executive Support Systems (ESS)● Management Information Systems (MIS)● Decision Support Systems (DSS)● Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)● Office Automation Systems (OAS)● Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
(c) by functional area
● Accounting/finance● Manufacturing (operations, production,
supply chain management)● Sales & marketing ● Human resources● Customer relationships● Enterprise resource planning