CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Presented by, Sudharshan.H.G And Shreyas

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is hailed as the prime architect of the Indian Constitution.

The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly. The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 December 1946.

In our constituent assembly this 20th day of November 1949 do here by adopt enact and give to ourselves this constitution.

The constitution came into force 26th Jan 1950.

STRUCTURE

The Constitution, in its current form (September 2012), consists of a preamble, 25 parts containing 448 articles, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 98 amendments to date.

PARTS

The individual Articles of the Constitution are grouped together into the following Parts:

Part I– Union and its Territory. Part II– Citizenship. Part III – Fundamental Rights. Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy. Part IVA – Fundamental Duties. Part V – The Union. Part VI– The States. Part VII– States in the B part of the First schedule. Part VIII– The Union Territories.

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Part VIII – The Union Territories Part IX – The Panchayats. Part IXA – The Municipalities. Part IXB – The Co-operative Societies. Part X– The scheduled and Tribal Areas Part XI – Relations between the Union and the States. Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits Part XIII – Trade and Commerce within the territory of India Part XIV – Services Under the Union, the States. Part XIVA – Tribunals. Part XV – Elections

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Part XVI – Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes. Part XVII – Languages Part XVIII– Emergency Provisions Part XIX – Miscellaneous Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution Part XXI– Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Part XXII– Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and

Repeals

SCHEDULES

Schedules are lists in the Constitution that categorize and tabulate bureaucratic activity and policy of the Government.

First Schedule (Articles 1 and 4)- This lists the states and territories of India, lists any changes to their borders and the laws used to make that change.

Second Schedule (Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164(5), 186 and 221)- – This lists the salaries of officials holding public office, judges, and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

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Third Schedule (Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219)—Forms of Oaths – This lists the oaths of offices for elected officials and judges.

Fourth Schedule (Articles 4(1) and 80(2)) – This details the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of Parliament) per State or Union Territory.

Fifth Schedule (Article 244(1)) – This provides for the administration and control of Scheduled Areas[ and Scheduled Tribes (areas and tribes needing special protection due to disadvantageous conditions)

CONTINUE… Sixth Schedule (Articles 244(2) and 275(1))— Provisions for the

administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Seventh Schedule (Article 246)—The union (central government), state,

and concurrent lists of responsibilities. Eighth Schedule (Articles 344(1) and 351)—The official languages. Ninth Schedule (Article 31-B) – Validation of certain Acts and

Regulations. Tenth Schedule (Articles 102(2) and 191(2))—"Anti-defection"

provisions for Members of Parliament and Members of the State Legislatures.

Eleventh Schedule (Article 243-D)—Panchayat Raj (rural local government).

Twelfth Schedule (Article 243-W)—Municipalities (urban local government).

APPENDICES Appendix I—The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir)

Order, 1954. Appendix II— Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the

Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Appendix III—Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978.

Appendix IV—The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. Appendix V— The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003.

AMENDMENT ACTS 1.The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951. Date on which the Act

came into force: 18-6-1951 (Date of Assent) 2.The Constitution (Second Amendment) Act, 1952. Date on which the Act

came into force: 1-5-1953 (Date of Assent) 3.The Constitution (Third Amendment) Act, 1954. Date on which the Act

came into force: 22-2-1955 (Date of Assent) 4.The Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act

came into force: 27-4-1955 (Date of Assent). 5.The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1955. Date on which the Act

came into force: 24-12-1955 (Date of Assent). 6.The Constitution (Sixth Amendment) Act, 1956. Date on which the Act

came into force: 11-9-1956 (Date of Assent). 7.The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. Date  on  which the

Act came into force:  1-11-1956 (as per s. 1(2) of the Act).

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7.The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. Date  on  which the Act came into force:  1-11-1956 (as per s. 1(2) of the Act).

8.The Constitution (Eighth Amendment) Act, 1959. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-1-1960 (Date of Assent).

9.The Constitution (Ninth Amendment) Act, 1960. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-12-1960 (Date of Assent).

10.The Constitution (Tenth Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-8-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).

11.The Constitution (Eleventh Amendment) Act, 1961. Date on which the Act came into force: 19-12-1961 (Date of   Assent).

12.The Constitution (Twelfth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came into force:   20-12-1961 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).

13.The Constitution (Thirteenth Amendment) Act, 1962. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-12-1963 [GSR 1734, dated 30-10-1963].

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14.The Constitution (Fourteenth Amendment) Act, 1962 Date on which the Act came into force: 28-12-1962 (Date of Assent).

15.The Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).

16.The Constitution (Sixteenth Amendment) Act, 1963. Date on which the Act came into force: 5-10-1963 (Date of Assent).

17.The Constitution (Seventeenth Amendment) Act, 1964. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-6-1964 (Date of Assent).

18.The Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 27-8-1966 (Date of Assent).

19.The Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-12-1966 (Date of Assent).

20.The Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966. Date on which the Act came into force: 22-12-1966 (Date of Assent).

CONTINUE… 21.The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967. Date on which the Act

came into force: 10-4-1967 (Date of Assent). 22.The Constitution (Twenty-second Amendment) Act, 1969. Date on which the

Act came into force: 25-9-1969 (Date of Assent). 23.The Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969 Date on which the Act

came into force: 23-1-1970 (Date of Assent). 24.The Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971 Date on which the Act

came into force: 5-11-1971 (Date of Assent).  25.The Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the

Act came into force:   20-4-1972 (Date of Assent). 26.The Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the

Act came into force: 28-12-1971 (Date of Assent). 27.The Constitution (Twenty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1971. Date on which the

Act came into force:-- (i) Ss. 1 and 3.....30-12-1971 (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act). (ii) Ss. 2, 4 and 5   15-2-1972   [GSR 73(E), dated 14-2-1972].

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28.The Constitution (Twenty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act came into force: 29-8-1972 [GSR 391(E), dated 29-8-1972].

29.The Constitution (Twenty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1972. Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-1972 (Date of Assent).

30.The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972.   Date on which the Act came into force:  27-2-1973 [GSR 73(E), dated 27-2-1973].

31.The Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act came into force: 17-10-1973 (Date of Assent).

32.The Constitution (Thirty-second Amendment) Act, 1973. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-7-1974   [GSR 297(E), dated 1-7-1974].

33.The Constitution (Thirty-third Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came into force: 19-5-1974 (Date of Assent).

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34.The Constitution (Thirty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the  Act came into force: 7-9-1974 (Date of Assent).

35.The Constitution (Thirty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1974. Date on which the Act came 

36.The Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 26-4-1975 (As per s. 1 (2)- i.e.   date on which the Bill "as passed by the House of  People is passed by the Council of States").

37.The Constitution (Thirty-seventh) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 3-5-1975 (Date of Assent).

38.The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-8-1975 (Date of Assent).

39.The Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1975. Date on which the Act came into force: 10-8-1975 (Date of   Assent).

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40.The Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force: 27-5-1976 (Date of Assent).

41.The Constitution (Forty-first Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act  came into force: 7-9-1976 (Date of   Assent).

42.The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. Date on which the Act came into force:--

(i) Sections 2 to 5, 7 to 17, 20, 28, 29, 30, 33, 36, 43 to 53, 55, 56, 57 and  59.   3-1-1977

(ii) Sections 6, 23 to 26, 37 to 42, 54  and 58.  1-2-1977 (iii) Section 27   1-4-1977 [GSR 2(E), dated 3-1-1977].

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45.The Constitution (Forty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1980. Date on which the Act came into force: 25-1-1980  (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).

46.The Constitution (Forty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1982. Date on which the Act came into force: 2-2-1983 (Date of Assent).

47.The Constitution (Forty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 26-8-1984 (Date of Assent).

48.The Constitution (Forty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came   into force:  1-4-1985 (S.O.  184(E), dated 11-3-1985).

49.The Constitution (Forty-ninth Amendment)Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-09-1984.

50.The Constitution (Fiftieth Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force: 11-9-1984 (Date of   Assent).

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51.The Constitution (Fifty-first Amendment) Act, 1984. Date on which the Act came into force:   16-6-1986 [GSR 871(E), dated 16-6-1986].

52.The Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-3-1985 [GSR 131(E), dated 1-3-1985].

53.The Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-2-1987  (S.O. 71 (E), dated 11-2-1987).

54.The Constitution (Fifty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-4-1986   (as per s. 1 (2) of the Act).

55.The Constitution (Fifty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1986. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-2-1987 (S.O.  73(E), dated 11-2-1987).

56.The Constitution (Fifty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 30-5-1987 (S.O.  517(E), dated 26-5-1987).

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57.The Constitution (Fifty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 21-9-1987 [GSR 810(E), dated 21-9-1987].

58.The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987. Date on which the Act came into force: 9-12-1987 (Date of Assent).

59.The Constitution (Fifty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1988 Date on which the  Act came  into force: 30-3-1988 (Date of Assent).

60.The Constitution (Sixtieth Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came into  force: 20-12-1988 (Date of Assent).

61.The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988. Date on which the Act came into force: 28-3-1989 (Date of Assent).

62.The Constitution (Sixty-second Amendment) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act came into force: 20-12-1989 (as  per  s.  1 (2) of the Act, i.e.  date on which the Bill for this Act is introduced in the Council of States).

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63.The Constitution (Sixty-third Amendment ) Act, 1989. Date on which the Act came into force: 6-1-1990 (Date of Assent).

64.The Constitution (Sixty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force:   16-4-1990 (Date of Assent).

65.The Constitution (Sixty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-3-1992 (S.O.  204(E), dated 12-3-1992).

66.The Constitution (Sixty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 7-6-1990 (Date of Assent).

67.The Constitution (Sixty-seventh Amendment) Act, 1990. Date on which the Act came into force: 4-10-1990 (Date of Assent).

68.The Constitution (Sixty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the Act came into force: 12-3-1991 (Date of Assent).

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69.The Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991. Date on which the  Act came into force: 1-2-1992 (S.O.  96(E), dated 31-1-1992).

70.The Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force:--

(i) S.2........Yet to be notified. (ii) S.3........21-12-1991 (as per s.1 (2) of the Act). 71.The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the

Act came into force: 31-8-1992 (Date of Assent). 72.The Constitution (Seventy-second Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which

the Act came into force: 5-12-1992 (S.O.  887(E), dated 5-12-1992). 73.The Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the

Act came into force: 24-4-1993 (S.O.  267(E), dated 24-4-1993).

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74.The Constitution (Seventy-fourth Amendment) Act, 1992. Date on which the Act came into force: 1-6-1993 (S.O.  346(E), dated 1-6-1993).

75.The Constitution (Seventy-fifth Amendment) Act, 1993. Date on which the Act came into force: 15-5-1994 (S.O.  372(E), dated 13-5-1994).

76.The Constitution (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994. Date on which the Act came into force:   31-8-1994 (Date of Assent).

77.The Constitution (Seventy-seventh Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act came into force: 17-6-1995 (Date of Assent).

78.The Constitution (Seventy-eighth Amendment) Act, 1995. Date on which the Act came into force: 30-8-1995 (Date of Assent).

79.The Constitution (Seventy-ninth Amendment) Act, 2000. Date on which the Act came into force: 25-1-2000 ( Date of Assent: 21-1-2000).

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80.The Constitution (Eightieth Amendment)  Act, 2000 .Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent)

81.The Constitution (Eighty-first Amendment) Act, 2000.  Date on which the Act came into force: 9-6-2000 (Date of Assent).

82.The Constitution (Eighty-second Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)

83.The Constitution (Eighty-third Amendment) Act, 2000.Date on which the Act came into force: 8-9-2000 (Date of Assent)

84.The Constitution (Eighty-fourth  Amendment) Act, 2001.Date on which the Act came into force: 21-02-2002 (Date of Assent)

85The Constitution (Eighty-fifth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force:  4-1-2002 (Date of Assent)

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86The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. Date on which the Act came into force:         12-12-2002 (Date of Assent)

87The Constitution (Eighty-seventh Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:   22-06-2003 (Date of Assent)

88The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:     15-01-2004 (Date of Assent)

89The Constitution (Eighty-ninth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)

90The Constitution (Ninetieth Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         28-09-2003 (Date of Assent)

91The Constitution (Ninety-First Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:         01-01-2004 (Date of Assent)

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92The Constitution (Ninety-Second Amendment) Act, 2003. Date on which the Act came into force:    07-01-2004 (Date of Assent)

93The Constitution (Ninety-third Amendment) Act, 2005. Date on which the Act came into force:    20-01-2006

94The Constitution (Ninety-fourth Amendment) Act, 2006. Date on which the Act came into force:    12-06-2006 SOR

95The Constitution (Ninety-fifth Amendment) Act, 2009. Date on which the Act came into force:    25-01-2010 SOR

96The Constitution (Ninety-sixth Amendment) Act, 2011. Date on which the Act came into force:    23-09-2011 (Date of Assent) SOR

97The Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011. Date on which the Act came into force:    12-01-2012 (Date of Assent) SOR

98The Constitution (Ninety-eighth Amendment) Act, 2012. Date on which the Act came into force:    01-01-2013

ARTICLES

1.Name and territory of the Union 2.Admission or establishment of new States 2A.Repealed 3.Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of

existing States 4. Laws made under articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First

and the Fourth Schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential matters

5. Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution 6. Rights of citizenship of certain persons who have migrated to India from

Pakistan

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7. Rights of citizenship of certain migrants to Pakistan 8. Rights of citizenship of certain persons of Indian origin residing outside

India 9. Persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens 10. Continuance of the rights of citizenship 11. Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law 12 - 35. specify the fundamental rights available 36 - 50 specify the directive principles of state policy 51A specify the fundamental duties of every citizen

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52. The President of India 53. Executive power of the Union 54. Election of President 55. Manner of election of President 56. Term of office of President 57. Eligibility for re-election 58. Qualifications for election as President 59. Conditions of President’s office 60. Oath or affirmation by the President 61. Procedure for impeachment of the President 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and

the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy

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63. The Vice-President of India 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States 65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions

during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President 66. Election of Vice-President 67. Term of office of Vice-President 68. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President

and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President 70. Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies 71. Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-

President

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72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases

73. Extent of executive power of the Union 74. Council of Ministers to aid and advise President 75. Other provisions as to Ministers 76. Attorney-General for India 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the

President, etc. 79. Constitution of Parliament 80. Composition of the Council of States 81. Composition of the House of the People 82. Readjustment after each census

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83. Duration of Houses of Parliament 84. Qualification for membership of Parliament 85. Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution 86. Right of President to address and send messages to Houses 87. Special address by the President 88. Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses 89. The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States 90. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy

Chairman 91. Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the

office of, or to act as, Chairman 92. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a

resolution for his removal from office is under consideration

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93. The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People 94. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and

Deputy Speaker 95. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the

office of, or to act as, Speaker 96. The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while are solution for his

removal from office is under consideration 97. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the

Speaker and Deputy Speaker 98. Secretariat of Parliament 99. Oath or affirmation by members 100. Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and

quorum

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343.Hindi as official language 356.Imposition of president’s rule in states 368.Amendment to the constitution 370.Special status to Kashmir 395.Repeals India independence act and govt of India act 1935.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Right to equality Right to freedom Right to life and personal property Right to freedom of religion Right to cultural and educational freedom Right against exploitation Right to private property Right to constitutional remedies

Thank you