Behaviorism

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• Behavioral Psychology was introduced by Ivan Pavlov.

• Not officially recognized as a school of thought until John B. Watson’s paper: “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it” in 1913.

Behavioral Psychology• Behaviorism is a branch of psychology

that focuses on observable behaviors that can be measured, trained and changed.

• Based on key concepts used by behaviorists that include conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment.

Definition

Origins

BRAIN OUTCOMESSTIMULI

• Father of Behaviorism

• Taught psychology at John Hopkins

• American psychologist.

• University in 1908

• Claimed external forces, not internal forces shape peoples’ preferences and behaviors.

• Thought regardless of who we think we are, we can be molded or conditioned by external stimuli, belief in individual choice is an illusion.

John B. Watson

.

• Performed by John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner.

• Used to prove the classical conditioning theory

• Experimented on Douglas Merritte (an orphan)

• The experiment conditioned a small child to fear a white rat

Little Albert

• Conditioning= learning

• Simple form of learning in which one stimulus calls forth the response that is usually called forth by another stimulus.

• This occurs when two stimulus have been associated with each other.

• Learning through repeated association of 2 or more stimuli

Classical Conditioning

• 1849-1936

•Russian Psychologist

•Pavlov’s main area of research throughout his scientific career was on the digestive process

•This research led to the development of classical conditioning from his famous experiments with dogs.

Ivan Pavlov

• Pavlov’s research on the digestive systems of dogs led to the development of classical conditioning.

• His ending goal was to create a habitual behavior in the dog, by the end of his experimentation he as successful.

• Pavlov demonstrated that this learning process could be used to make an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.

Pavlov’s Dogs

• Defined as: A learning process in which the consequences which follow a response determine whether the behavior will be repeated.

• Behavior will likely be repeated that has been reinforced.

• And tend not to be repeated with punishment.

Operant Conditioning

• Coined the term Operant conditioning.

• American Psychologist• 1904-1990• Introduced

reinforcement• Thought people and

animals learn the same way and behave certain ways based on how they were reinforced.

• Performed labs with both rats and birds to study operant conditioning.

B.F. Skinner

• Learned that behaviors become habitual when desired if rewards are guaranteed(reinforcement)

• Step 1: A hungry rat is placed in the observation chamber.

• Step 2: The rat roams around until accidentally knocking the lever

• Step 3:The rat receives a food pellet.

• Step 4: The rat repeats the action several times to receive food.

Skinner Box Experiments

• Library.furman.edu

• Simplypsychology.com

• Appsychology.com

• Nobelprize.org

• Nndb.com

• Ivanpavlov.com

• Blogspot.com

• Biofrontiers.wordpress.com

• Psychology.about.com/behavioralpsychology

• Learning-theories.com/behaviorism.html

Holt Psychology Principles in Practices Textbook

Works Cited