Bharat Jeswani ( M.sc- Interior Design)Lighting protfolio

LIGHTING DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL

& RESIDENTIAL SPACES

Student :

Bharat Kumar Jeswani

MSc Interior Designer

Commercial Space Designer

Dezyne E’cole College

Light is a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagnetic

radiation and is closely related to other form of

electromagnetic radiation such as Gamma rays, X-rays, UV

rays, IR rays, Microwave rays and Radio rays.

What is Lighting What is Light

Radiation with a wavelength between 380 and 780

nanometers forms the visible part of the electromagnetic

spectrum and is therefore referred to as light. Visible part is

highlight in above picture.

Light are of two types (1) Natural Light and (2) Artificial Light.

Type of Light

Natural Light Artificial Light

Photometrics

There are four basic photometric units that lighting practitioners use for the quantitative measurement of light like Luminous flux(lm), Light intensity, Illuminance and Luminance.

CANDELA : It is equalent to the illumination of one standard candle.

FOOT CANDELA : It is the amount of illumination on a surface from a light

source of on candela that is a foot away from the surface.

ONE FOOT CANDELA =1 Lumen /Square foot.

ONE LUX : It Is the amount of illumination created by a light source of one

candela which is one meter away from the surface .

1LUX=1 Lumen /Square meter.

Units of Light

Units of Light

Units of Light

Luminous Efficacy

Luminous efficacy is a measure of how well a light source produces visible

light. The luminous efficacy of radiation describes how well a given

quantity of electromagnetic radiation from a source produces visible light.

• COLOUR TEMPERTURE is a characteristic of visible light. In practice, colour

temperature is only meaningful for light sources that do in fact correspond

somewhat closely to the radiation of some black body.

• The colour temperature of the electromagnetic radiation emitted from an ideal

black body is defined as its surface temperature in KELVINS.

• Colour temperatures over 5,000K are called cool colours (blueish white),

while lower colour temperatures (2,700-3,000 K) are called WARM

COLOURS (yellowish white through red).

Colour Temperature Outdoor/Indoor

Colour Temperature :

- Defined as the tone of light or how the light looks in terms of whiteness.

- Higher the colour temperature = whiter/cooler the light source.

- Unit measurement = Kelvin (K)

Colour Temperature Outdoor/Indoor

Colour

Temperature

Luminance Contrast

Glare Restriction

How to Restricate the Glare

• The colour rendering index (CRI), sometimes called colour rendition index, is

a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reproduce the colours

of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

• Colour rendering: Effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects

by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance

under a reference illuminant.

• Finishes should be evaluated under the type of lamp (lamp and/or daylight)

which will actually be used in the interiors.

• Colour rendition depends on lamp colour spectrum, reflective property of

surfaces and context and condition in room.

• Judgment of apparent surface colour depends also on the experience and

expectations of an individual with normal colour vision.

Colour Rendering Index(CRI)

Colour Rendering Index(CRI)

Colour Temperatures in the Kelvin Scale

3000K 5000K 6500K

Colour Temperatures in the Kelvin Scale

Warm light Day light Cool White

Lighting Fixture

Light fixture is integral part of building electrical system,

transforming energy into usable illumination.

Light fixture requires : electrical connection (power supply), lamp

holder, lamp (design to diffuse, reflect, focus light).

Form of lighting fixture, lighting source, light illumination : point

sources, linear sources, planar sources, volumetric sources.

Lighting Luminaire

An assembly used to house one or more light sources.

Also called lighting fixture.

Light socket

Light lamp

Luminaries

Light switch

Classification of Luminaires

Recessed

Ceiling Mounted

Track Mounted

Wall Mounted

Suspended

Architectural

Portable

Pole Mounted


Bollard

Outdoor

Wall washer

Ceiling washer

Floor washers

Uplighters

Down lighters

Spot light



Categories of Luminaires

Direct : 90 – 100% downward

Semi direct : 60 – 90% downward

General diffuse : 40 – 60% both downward and upward

Direct – indirect : little light is emitted in the horizontal plane

Semi – indirect : providing 60 – 90% of its output upward

Indirect : providing 90 – 100 of its luminous output upward.

Point Light Source

Focus on object or area great

brightness contrast highlight,

sparkle or rhythm.

Linear Light Source

Give direction outline shapes

emphasize the edges.

Planner Light Source Planar Light Source

Surface repetead linear

diffused illumination of area.

Volumetric Light Source

Light as volumetric

illumination expanded through

three-dimensional forms of

lamps.

Light Source

Lamp Holder connect to supply

Design of Lamp

Planner Light Source

General Light

Types of Lighting


Accent Light

Types of Lighting


Decorative Light

Types of Lighting

Planner Light Source Types of Lighting

Task Light


Kinetic Light

Washlights are designed to provide uniform lighting over extensive surfaces,

mainly walls, ceilings, and floors, therefore. They are included in the group

downlights and louvered luminaries although washlights do have there own

luminaire forms.

Types Of Lighting

Wall washers

Ceiling washers

Floor washers

Spot Light

Light Structure

Integral Luminaries

Downlighters

Uplighters

Wash Light

Types of Lighting

Integral luminaires

Vaulted Ceiling

Suspended Ceiling

Types of Lighting

Integral luminaires

Vaulted Ceiling

Movable Luminaires


Floor Wash Light


Ceiling Wash Light


Ceiling Wash Light


Wall Wash Light


Up Light


Down Light


Spot Light

Planner Light Source Beam angle of Spot Light

Artificial Light Source

Incandescent Lamps

Fluorescent Lamp

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

Mercury Lamps

Metal Halide Lamps

High Pressure Sodium Lamps

Low Pressure Sodium Lamps

Electrodeless Lamps

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

Compact are xenon & Mercury Lamps

Electroluminescent Lamps

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Carbon arc Lamps

Gaslights



Lighting Structure


What?

Hot Wire – Filament sealed in a glass

jar (Bulb)

How?

Electric current pass through the wire

heats it to incandescence, and the wire

emits light. Use standard voltage

circuit.

Incandescent Lamp


Inside the glass is a gas such as argon

and/or nitrogen. At the center of the

lamp is a tungsten filament. Electricity

heats this filament up to about 2,500

degrees Celsius. Just like any hot

metal, the tungsten gets “white hot” at

that heat and emits a great deal of

visible light in a process called

incandescence.

Incandescent Lamp


1. Glass Bulb

2. Vacuum or Gas Filled

3. Wire/Filament

4. 5. Lead-in Wires

6. Support Wires

7. Neck

8. 11. Electric Fuse

9. Base

Incandescent Lamp


Advantages:

Less Expensive

Easier to dim with rheostats

Warmer colour than fluorescent and thungsten-halogen lamps

Light output is relatively high

Excellent colour rendering

Can be dimmed

Disadvantages:

Energy Inefficient

Short Lamp Life Time

Warm Source

Incandescent Lamp


Shape of Lamps:

Around 100 combinations of glass and quartz bulb shapes and

sizes.

Symbols:

1st Part = One or more letters indicates the share of bulb

2nd Part = Number indicates diameter or the bulb in eights of an inch

Example : A19 = Arbitrary shaped, 19/8 inch diameter

Incandescent Lamp

Planner Light Source Incandescent Lamp

Incandescent Lamp


Base Identification:

1 Small Base: Bayonet, Bipin, Candelabra, Intermediate,

Miniature, Mini-Candelabra, Twist-And-Lock, Two-Pin.

2. Medium Base

3. Large Base : Mogul Screw, Mogul Bipost.

Incandescent Lamp





Lamp Life Time:

1. Standard-Life Lamp : High temperature for the filament to operates,

emits more light, shorter life time – “burns out”

2. Long-Life Lamp : given wattage produces less light, designed for longer

life

Lamp Efficiency = Light Produced (Lumen, lm)

Electricity Consumed (Watts W)

_______________________

Light Output : Insert gas (Argon, Nitrogen, Krypton) slows bulb blackening

caused by condensation on the bulb wall

Incandescent Lamp


Bulbs are sold by WATTS – Measure of Power Consumed

Lumens tells how much light lamp emits

Hours of Operation is produced life-time (750-1000H, up to 2500H

for extended service lamps)

Energy Saving Lamp – reduced wattage, reduced light output

Incandescent Lamp


Lamps Types:

Non Directional : (emits light in all directions – A, C, G, P, PS,

S and T shapes, requires additional external elements for

brightness, glare and distribution control)

Semi Directional : (silver bowl or white bowl lamps, coating

on inner side of bulb, reduce filament glare)

Directional : (complete optical systems: source, reflector,

lens or filament shield R, AR, MR, PAR built-in beam control.

Incandescent Lamp


White Bowl Lamp Silver Bowl Lamp

Incandescent Lamp


PAR Lamp AR Lamp

Incandescent Lamp


Semi Directional

Incandescent Lamp


Left : R reflector lamp

with soft glass bulb

and ellipsoid reflector

with moderate

focusing power.

Right : PAR reflector

lamp with pressed

glass bulb and

powerful parabolic

reflector

R Lamp PAR Lamp

Incandescent Lamp



MR 16 Base

Tungsten - Halogen


What?

Selected gas of the Halogen Family.

How?

Halogen gas combines with tungsten

molecules that sputter of the filament

deposits tungsten back on the

filament and emitsconstant level of

light.

Tungsten - Halogen


A helogen bulb has a filament made of

Tungsten, which glows when electricity

is applied, same as a regular

incandescent bulb.

The helogen gas removes the carbon

deposits on the inside of the bulb,

caused by the burning of the tungsten

filament, and redeposit it back on to the

filament, resulting in a light bulb which

can be bruned at a higher temperature.

Tungsten - Halogen

High operating

temperature (500C),

High colour

temperature

Quartz instead of

glass

Equiped with outer

bulb, glass cover,

mesh screen.

Tungsten - Halogen


Advantages :

High colour temperature make them “WHITER” than standard incandescent lamps.

Longer life time

Great efficiency

Compact in share and size

They come in many Shape and Sizes, some directional others not, some quite small others the size or regular bulbs, some fit into normal sockets other require special sockets and voltage to work.

Tungsten - Halogen

Planner Light Source Tungsten - Halogen

There are many different types of (single ended) TH lamp, the most

common ones are the G9 capsule lamp, GU10 spot lamp and linear

halogen lamps which are all domestic mains voltage, and G4 capsule lamp,

(integral reflector) , R16, MR11 spot lamps which are low voltage lamp.

Linear G4 G6.35 G9

Planner Light Source Tungsten - Halogen

GU10 MR11

Planner Light Source Low – Voltage Lamps

Low – Voltage Lamps – incandescent and tungsten helogen lamps that

operate between 6V and 75V.

Standard building current of 115V – 125V must be stepped down by the use

of transformer.

Low-voltage luminaries with integrated transformers are larger in size and

bulkier.

Practical system is line-voltage equipment.

Aluminum Reflection

Planner Light Source Low – Voltage Lamps

LOW VOLTAGE MULTIFACETED MIRROR REFLECTOR

(helogen lamp)


LOW VOLTAGE PAR56

(helogen lamp)

Low – Voltage Lamps

Planner Light Source Colored Light Bulbs

COLORED CERAMIC ENAMEL

Planner Light Source Coloured Filters

Hue – quality in red or green

Saturation - strength or depth of colour

Brightness - quantity of light

Planner Light Source Gelatin Filters (“GELS”)

Thin transparent coloured plastic sheet in vide variety of colours, as

well as multicolored and diffused sheets. Short service life – colour

fades rapidly.

Planner Light Source Interference Filters

One or more layers of ultrathin film coating on clear glass that reflects

rather than absorb unwanted wavelength. They transmit one colour, and

reflect the complementary colour.

Reflection and Transmission by Interference Filters

What?

Gas, phosphor, catode,

discharge

How?

Light is produced by passage

of an electric current through a

vapor or gas, rather than

through a tungsten wire as in

incandescent lamp.

Discharge Lamps

Fluorescent Lamp

The classic fluorescent lamp design, which has fallen mostly by

the wayside, used a special starter switch mechanism to light up

the tube.

The conventional starter switch is a small discharge bulb,

containing neon or some other gas. The bulb has two electrodes

positioned right next to each other. When electricity is initially

passed through the bypass circuit, an electrical arc jumps

between these electrodes to make a connection. This arc lights

the bulb in the same way a larger arc lights a fluorescent bulb.

Fluorescent Lamp

Fluorescent Lamp

Fluorescent Lamp

Advantages :

Heat is relatively low

Energy efficient

Range from low grade to high grade

Long lamp life

Usually Cool source

Control gears

Disadvantages :

Colour temperature

Require ballast : preheat, instant-start, rapid-start

Requires controlling elements for glare control

Fluorescent Lamp

Types :

1. Cold Cathode

2. Hot Cathode

Shape :

1. U-Bent Shape

2. Circuline Shape

3. Compact Fluo-Lamp

Shape

Compact Fluorescent Lamps

Equipment required to control the starting and operating voltages of electrical

gas discharge lights.

Ballast/Driver

Integrated

Ballast

(CFL)

Magnetic

Ballast

(Traditional)

Electronic

Ballast

High Intensity Discharge Lamp

Type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an

electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or

transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

This tube is filled with both gas and metal salts. The gas facilitates the arc’s

initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metal salts

forming a plasma, which greatly increases the intensity of light produced by

the arc and reduces its power consumption. High-intensity discharge lamps

are a type of arc lamp.







When energy efficiency and/or light intensity are desired.

These areas include gymnasiums, large public areas, warehouses, movie

theatres, football stadiums, outdoor activity areas, roadways, parking lots, and

pathways.

Ultra-High Performance (UHP)HID lamps are used in LCD or DLP projection

TV sets or projection displays as well.

LED Light

Red and Infrared LEDs are made with gallium arsenide

Bright Blue is made with GN -gallium nitride

White LEDs are made with yttrium aluminium garnet

There are also orange, green, blue, violet, purple, ultraviolet LEDs.

LED Light

Benefits of LED Light

Benefits of LED Lighting 1

LED lights are usually around 3mm -

8mm long. The small size and profile of

the LED lights allow them to be used

where other light bulbs may not fit.

Size of LED

Benefits of LED Lighting

Size of LED

2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 2 Where other lights give off more energy by

shinning in different areas, LED lights only shine in

a specific direction becoming more efficient.

Efficiency

2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 2 Efficiency

3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 3 Life

35,000 to 50,000 hours, compared to 750 to 2,000 hours for an

incandescent bulb, 8,000 to 10,000 hours for a compact

fluorescent and 20,000 to 30,000 hours for a linear florescent bulb.

3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 4 LEDs remain cool. In addition, since they contain no glass components, they are not

vulnerable to vibration or breakage like conventional bulbs. LEDs are thus better

suited for use in areas like sports facilities and high-crime locations.

Temperature

3 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Light

Temperature


Temperature

3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 5 LED light are available in different colour. We can enhance the aesthetic look of our

House and Building by use of these colourful LEDs.

Colourful


Temperature

3 Benefits of LED Light 2 Benefits of LED Light Benefits of LED Lighting 6 LED light are good as per beam angle. It use maximum efficiency.

Wide Beam angle

LEDs are just tiny light bulbs

that fit easily into an electrical

circuit. But unlike ordinary

incandescent bulbs, they don’t

have a filament that will

burnout, and they don’t get

especially hot. They are

illuminated solely by the

movement of electrons in a

semiconductor material, and

they last just as long as a

standard transistor. The lifespan

of an LED surpasses the short

life of an incandescent bulb by

thousands of hours.

3 Benefits of LED Light LED Lighting

LED Reflector

Uses of LED Light

• For Automobile field

1

Uses of LED Light

• For Commercial Field

2

Uses of LED Light

• For Hosptilarty

3

Uses of LED Light

• For Hosptilarty

• For Retail Area

Uses of LED Light 4

Uses of LED Light

• For Retail Area

Uses of

LED Light

• For Residential Area

5

Uses of LED Light office

• For Office

6

Comparison of LED Light with other light

• LED vs. Fluorescent tube


• LED vs. CFL


• LED vs. Incandescent

Lamps

Halogen MR16

GU 5-3

Incandescent

Stan. E27

Halogen OR111

G53

Halogen PAR

E27

Lamps

PLC compact

fluorescent lamp CFL compact

fluorescent lamp

E27

Fluorescent CFL

spiral E27 Fluorescent

megamun liliput

E27

Lamps

Fluorescent TL

T5

LED MR16

GU5-3

LED Tubular

Lamp Fluorescent TL

T8

Lamps

LED

LED Strip

LED Flexi

Light

LED Strips

(Plat)

LED Strip

Lamps

LED

Linesta

LED

LED Tape

Lamps

Fiber Optics

Lamps

Fiber Optics

Lamps

Cold Cathode

Thank You

Education

Bharat Jeswani ( M.sc- Interior Design)Lighting protfolio