In the Name of Allah , The Most Gracious , The

Most Merciful

TopicTopic

Bioenergetics and

energy produced in

TCA cycle.

By :- Abdul Qahar

BioenergeticsBioenergetics• Bioenergetics is the subject of a field of

biochemistry that concerns energy flow through

living systems.

BioenergeticsBioenergetics

• It is the part of biochemistry

• Concerned with the energy

• In a living organism, chemical bonds are broken

BioenergeticsBioenergetics

• Living organisms obtain energy

• For example, lithotrophs

BioenergeticsBioenergetics

• Materials generally combined with oxygen.

• Can also be oxidized an aerobically.

BioenergeticsBioenergetics

• Living organism produce ATP.

• The energy got through the hydrolysis of ATP is used as a battery.

ExergonicExergonic

• Exergonic releases energy.

• It is thermodynamically favored.

• The release of energy is negative and equal to

- ΔG.

EndergonicEndergonic

• Endergonic consumes energy.

• It has a positive ΔG

CotransportCotransport

• In August 1960, Robert K.

• Discovery of the sodium-glucose cotransport as the mechanism for intestinal glucose absorption.

Energy balanceEnergy balance

Energy intake internal heat produced + external work + storage.

Bio medical importanceBio medical importance

• Bioenergetics is the study of the energy changes accompanying biochemical reactions. Biologic systems are essentially isothermic and use chemical energy to power living processes.

• Animal obtains suitable fuel from its food to provide the energy for metabolism.

• Death starvation.

Bio medical importanceBio medical importance

• Thyroid hormones control the rate of energy release and disease results when they malfunction.

• Excess storage of surplus energy causes obesity.

Energy Production Through the Krebs's Cycle

Energy Production Through the Krebs's Cycle

• This cycle is a series of chemical intermediates.

• Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme.

Energy Production Through the Krebs's Cycle

Energy Production Through the Krebs's Cycle

• The cycle starts with oxaloacetate and ends with oxaloacetate.

• The cycle produces 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn.

Thank youThank you

Questions are welcomedQuestions are welcomed