BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLEBIO = “life”GEO = “earth”CHEMICAL = “elements”

- Cycling of Substances- Substance Turnover- Is a pathway by which a chemical element or

molecule moves through both biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth.

TWO CATEGORIES CYCLE – is a series of change which comes

back to the starting point and which can be repeated

*GASEOUS CYCLE – transportation of matter through the atmosphere

*SEDIMENTARY CYCLES - transportation of the matter through the ground to water.

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

GASEOUS CYCLE

CARBON CYCLE

- are the combined processes, including: photosynthesis, decomposition, and respiration, by which carbon is a component of various compound cycles between its major reservoirs-the atmosphere, oceans and living organisms.

CARBON CYCLE Carbon moves from the atmosphere to plants.

In the atmosphere, Carbon is attached to Oxygen in a gas called Carbon Dioxide (CO2). With the help of the Sun, through the process of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is pulled from the air to make plant food from carbon.

Carbon moves from plants to animals. Through food chains, the Carbon that is in the plants moves to the animals that eat them. Animals that eat other animals get the Carbon from their food too.

CARBON CYCLE Carbon moves from plants and animals to the

ground. When plants and animals die, their bodies, wood and leaves decay bringing the Carbon into the ground. Some become buried miles underground and will become fossil fuels in millions and millions of years.

Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere. Each time you exhale, you are releasing Carbon Dioxide Gas into the atmosphere. Animals and plants get rid of the Carbon Dioxide Gas through respiration.

CARBON CYCLE Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the

atmosphere when fuels are burned. When humans burn fossil fuels to power factories, power plants, cars and trucks. Most of the Carbon quickly enters the atmosphere as Carbon Dioxide Gas. Each year, five and a half billion of Carbon is release by burning fossil fuels, 3.3 billion tons enters the atmosphere and most of the rest becomes dissolved in seawater.

Carbon moves from the atmosphere to the oceans. The oceans and other bodies of water, soak up some Carbon from the atmosphere.

NITROGEN CYCLE-

  - the continuous sequence of natural processes by which nitrogen in the atmosphere and nitrogenous compounds in the soil are converted, as by nitrification and nitrogen fixation, into substances that can be utilized by green plants and then returned to the air and soil as a result of denitrification and plant decay.

NITROGEN CYCLE Fixation: The conversion of atmospheric

nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds by bacteria (Rhizobia) found in the root nodules of legumes and certain other plants, and in the soil.

Assimilation: Plants take nitrogen from the soil, by absorption through their roots in the form of their nitrate ions or ammonium ions. All nitrogen obtained by animals can be traced back to the eating of plants.

NITROGEN CYCLE Ammonification: When a plant or animal dies, or

an animal expels waste, the initial form of nitrogen is organic. Bacteria, or fungi in some cases, convert the organic Nitrogen within the remains back into Ammonium (NH4+).

Nitrification: The oxidation of the Ammonium compounds in dead organic material into nitrites and nitrates by soil nitrobacteria, making Nitrogen available to plants. Nitrosomonas species converts ammonia to nitrites (NO2-). Nitrobacter species are responsible for the oxidation of the nitrites into nitrates (NO 3-).

NITROGEN CYCLE Denitrification: Process occurs when

nitrates (NO3-) reduced to gaseous nitrogen (N2), as by bacterial action on soil.

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