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Three types of fractures. Presentation 01, Module 04, Biology 120. Professor Abdullah - Truman College. By Yeo Jeong Kim.
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3 Types of FracturesComminuted • Compression • Colles’ fracture
Yeo Jeong KimBiology 120 • Truman College
September 18, 2013
1Wednesday, September 18, 13
Shared Similarities
All three fractures (Comminuted, Compression, & Colles’) are common among the elderly
These fractures are a result of aging bones that are weakened from conditions such as Osteoporosis or Cancer
I picked these 3 out of the 8 because I have experience with them from working as a Physical Therapist in Korea
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Comminuted FractureSerious case of fractured bones
The affected bone is broken into three or more pieces
Termed as a multi-fragmentary fracture
Is either Open or Closed
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Causes & SymptomsCauses
Involves crushing or splintering of the bone
Results from tremendous force such as a car accident or severe fall
Symptoms
Unbearable pain at the site of injury
Cannot bear any amount of weight in that area
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Diagnosis
The typical diagnosis of Comminuted Fracture includes:
Physical examination
Medical History of the Patient
Laboratory Testing: X-ray & CT Scans
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Treatment
The main aim of treatment is to restore normal position and usage by use of:
Pain relieving medication
Reduction: Bones are aligned and kept in an immobilized state with plaster and/or splits
For impacted fractures surgical nails, screws, plates and wires are used
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Compression Fracture
Compression fracture is the most common type of fracture that affects the spine
This type of fracture causes bones to collapse vertically
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Causes
Occurs when forces are too great or the bones in the spine aren’t strong enough
Also a result of diseases or conditions that affect the parathyroid gland
The Parathyroid gland produces PTH which regulates calcium in the body
Can result from Cancers that affect the kidneys, skin, parathyroid gland
Trauma to the Spine
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Symptoms
Mild compression: little or no pain at first
Traumatic Compression: intense pain in the back that spreads into the legs
This can paralyze muscle and impair sensation when bone fragments press into the spinal cord
The spine tilts forward into increased kyphosis
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Diagnosis
Physical examination
Medical History
Laboratory tests:
X-Ray, CT Scan, CT Scan with Myelography, MRI, Bone Scan
Note that this Diagnosis is different from the Comminuted Fracture
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2 Types of TreatmentNon-surgical Treatment
Most cases are treated without surgery
Patients are prescribed medication to control pain, rest, and Orthosis (Special Back Brace)
Surgical Treatment
Open procedures for cases of severe trauma common to Osteoporosis
Purpose is to reduce pain and strengthen fractured bones
Procedures include Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty11Wednesday, September 18, 13
Colles’ FractureColles’ Fracture is the most common distal radius fracture
It occurs about 1 inch from the tip or end of the bone
The broken end of the radius tilts upwards
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Causes
Typically results from a fall onto an outstretched arm
Osteoporosis can make a minor fall result in a broken wrist
Often times by an elderly patient who fell from a standing position
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Symptoms
Immediate Pain
Tenderness
Bruising
Swelling
Wrist hangs in an odd or bent way (deformity)
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Diagnosis
Physical Examination
check to see if wrist is deformed or numb; fingers are not pink
Medical History
Laboratory Testing: X-Ray
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TreatmentColles’ Fractures have many different treatment options depending on the nature of the fracture, age of patient, activity level, etc.
Non-surgical Treatment
Plaster cast if the broken bone is in a good position
Reduction to realign the broken bone fragments if the bone is out of place
Splint or Cast
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Surgical treatmentThe purpose of surgery in Colles’ fractures is to correct bone positioning for patients arms that function
Typical Procedure:
An incision is made
Open reduction
Application of metal pins, plates, screws, cast, and external fixator
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