Jenna Voigt Biology March 2, 2012

1. Consumers2. Carbon dioxide and water3. Glycolysis4. 25. Inner membrane of the mitochondria6. Oxygen7. Oxygen8. Because everything is based off of photosynthesis which comes from the

sun which means solar-powered. Plants need water and animals need food, so it’s a whole process that’s like a huge circle that you need this and that to occur every time so you get the same outcome.

9. The carbohydrates, fats, and the proteins would not be able to break down properly into sugar, glycerol, fatty acids, and amino acids. Which your body needs some of those in it, if the process does not work then it can break everything down into ATP.

10. First you dry the peanut and burn under an insulated container of water. Burning the peanut converts its stored chemical energy to thermal energy, releasing heat. By measuring the increase in water temperature and using the definition of a calorie, you can calculate the number of calories in a peanut. One peanut has about 5,000 calories, or 5kcal.

11. It stores energy form the food then transports it to other parts of the cell that are needed by it and then it gives the energy to which ever protein is needed by it in the cell.

12. Chemical work- building large molecules such as proteins. Mechanical work- the concentration of a muscle. Transport work- pumping solutes such as ions across a cellular membrane.

13. The first stage is breaking down a glucose molecule. Then the Krebs cycle finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules to carbon dioxide, releasing more energy in the process. Finally this stage occurs in the inner membranes of mitochondria. First the carrier molecule NADH transfers electrons from the original glucose molecule to and electron transport chain. Then each transfer in the chain releases a small amount of energy.

14. It is in the third step which is when NADH transfers electrons form sugar to electron chain, and then the electrons move from carrier to carrier- like steps in the electron transport chain, eventually pulled to oxygen in last step. Oxygen combines with electrons and hydrogen to form water, and then east step a small amount of energy is released. Half way done. The

Jenna Voigt Biology March 2, 2012

energy id used to pump H+ ions across the membrane- storing up potential energy. Then the hydrogen ions pumped through the electron transport run through the ATP synthase protein. Finally the ATP synthase uses the energy from the flow to convert ADP to ATP.

15. Fermentation that makes ATP without using oxygen. Cellular respiration still continues, but it is not the main source for ATP while fermentation is occurring. Fermentation makes ATP entirely from glycolysis. This is what happens with it in human muscle cells. When yeast cells are kept in an anaerobic environment, an environment without oxygen, they’re forced to ferment sugar and other foods. In contrast to fermentation in your muscle cells, fermentation in yeast produces alcohol, instead of lactic acid, as a waste product.

16a. Bacterial fungi16b. yeast cells16c. Lactic acid16d. CO216e. Decomposition16f. bubbles or to rise17a. Products-oxygen and glucose and Reactants- carbon dioxide and water17b. tells the direction in where the reaction happens at.17c. They both have chemicals that are used by other reactions, and cellular respiration transfers the energy to ATP and photosynthesis stores the energy in chemical compounds.