Biotech Products

Md. Hamidul KowsarMd. Hamidul KowsarDept. of Pharmacy Dept. of Pharmacy

State University of BangladeshState University of Bangladesh

Presentation on

What is BiotechnologyWhat is Biotechnology

• Let’s break it down:– Bio - alive or living– Technology - the application of science to

achieve industrial or commercial objectives• So basically, we’re talking about using

living materials for a commercial or industrial purpose– Taking living cells and putting them to work

for us!!!

Origins of Biotechnology• Although it seems like a new thing,

biotechnology has actually been around a while– Domesticated plants and animals are the

result of selective breeding (have you ever seen a wild corn plant, not something you’d want to eat)

– Using yeast to make bread rise– Using bacteria or yeast to ferment grapes

into wine

Just Some of the Latest Advances in the World of Biotechnology

• Cloning• DNA testing• Genetically modified bacteria to synthesize

products• Genetically modified foods

CloningCloning• Creating a genetically identical copy of something (ex. a

DNA strand, a cell, an organ or an entire organism)• Single cells and DNA are fairly easy to clone and so this

has been done for a comparatively long amount of time

Some Products of Cloning

How Cloning Works• DNA is extracted from an adult cell• An egg for this same species has it’s DNA removed• The empty egg is filled with the adult DNA• The egg is implanted into a surrogate mother• The baby born from this egg is genetically identical

to the adult from which it was cloned– But, it will not share any characteristics that aren’t

genetic– It will not be the same age as the animal it was cloned

from (it’ll be a baby)

Why Clone?

• To create identical cells for research purposes

• To maintain a genetically desirable species of plant or animal

• To create a missing organ or tissue for treatment of human diseases

• To save endangered or extinct species

DNA testing

• Identifying the pattern of certain sequences in parts of a person’s DNA to determine if two samples come from the same person, related persons or two, non-related individuals

• Only parts of the DNA sequence are used because the whole genome is too long to sequence repeatedly

• Everyone has a unique sequence of DNA.

How DNA testing Works

• The DNA is isolated from a cell sample and many copies are made with a process called PCR

• The DNA is cut into pieces using restriction enzymes.

• The DNA is run on a gel electrophoresis to separate the pieces.

• Probes are used to find certain DNA sequences.• Comparisons of these pieces of DNA are made to

determine identity or relationships

What can DNA tests be used for?

• Paternity/maternity tests• To determine if a suspect was at a crime

scene• To identify a murder victim• To identify a soldier killed in the line of duty• To determine identity

It is any Bacteria whose genetic  material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques”

•E. coliE. coli bacteria•Streptococcus mutantsStreptococcus mutants

Examples of GM BacteriaExamples of GM Bacteria

Genetically-Modified BacteriaGenetically-Modified Bacteria

How are Genetically-Modified Bacteria Created?

• A piece of DNA containing the gene for the desired product is cut with restriction enzymes

• A plasmid (circular bacterial DNA) is cut with the same restriction enzyme

• The piece and the plasmid are ligated (fused together)

• The plasmid is transformed into the bacteria• The plasmid either stays in whole or the gene

crosses over into the bacteria’s DNA

Some Products Now Synthesized by Some Products Now Synthesized by BacteriaBacteria

Biodiesel fuel Human growth hormone

Human insulin for diabetics Bioplastics

Thanks to all