Upload
muhamad-asnawi
View
267
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CLICK HERE
Welcome To Our Courseware
LOADING…….
FLOATING POINT
1’s & 2’s Complimen
t
LOGIC OPERATIONS
HEXADECIMAL
E-LEARNING CENTER
CONVERTING
CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC
CONVERTING
Binary to Decimal
Decimal to Binary
Binary to Hexadecimal
CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC
MAIN MENU
LOGIC OPERATIONS
AND GATE
ADDITION
OR GATE
SUBRACTION
CHOOSE YOUR TOPIC
MAIN MENU
0 0111 100
UNSIGNED INTEGER
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
1’S COMPLIMENT
L PIF 0 0111 100
UNSIGNED INTEGER
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
CLICK HERE TO 2’COMPLIMENT
11 100
+
1’S COMPLIMENT
2’S COMPLIMENT
0 011UNSIGNED INTEGER
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
0 1 1 0
2023
22 21
Mostsignificant
Leastsignificant
n 2n
0 1
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 16
5 32
6 64
7 128
8 256
9 512
10 1024
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
1 1
=
2023 22 21 +++
4 2+
6=
0 0
0 1 1 0
202322 21
ONLY 1 (CIRCLE) WAS COUNT
BACK TO CONVERTING MENU
663
22
01
12 1
00110
READ FROM DOWN TO UP
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
1 010
0 100+SIGNED
INTEGER
ANSWER
1 100SIGNED INTEGER
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
10 010
+
1’S COMPLIMENT
2’S COMPLIMENT
1 101NEGATIVE INTEGER
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
1 0001 011
-1
ANSWER
1 1005
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
1 0111 011
OR
ANSWER
1 010
ORuseful for setting bitsOR with zero = no changeOR with one = 1
1 0001 000
AND
ANSWER
1 110
ANDuseful for clearing bitsAND with zero = 0AND with one = no change
• It is often convenient to write binary (base-2) numbersas hexadecimal (base-16) numbers instead.– fewer digits -- four bits per hex digit– less error prone -- easy to corrupt long string of 1’s
and 0’s
HEXADECIMAL NOTATION
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
Binary Hex Decimal
0000 0 0
0001 1 1
0010 2 2
0011 3 3
0100 4 4
0101 5 5
0110 6 6
0111 7 7
Binary Hex Decimal
1000 8 8
1001 9 9
1010 A 10
1011 B 11
1100 C 12
1101 D 13
1110 E 14
1111 F 15
HEXADECIMAL NOTATION
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
Every four bits is a hex digit.– start grouping from right-hand side– Is refer to hexamdecimal table
1101 0001 1010 1111
FA1D
HEXADECIMAL NOTATION
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
• Large values: 6.023 x 1023 -- requires 79 bits• Small values: 6.626 x 10-34 -- requires >110 bits
• Use equivalent of “scientific notation”: F x 2E
• Need to represent F (fraction), E (exponent), and sign.• IEEE 754 Floating-Point Standard (32-bits):
S Exponent Fraction
1b 8b 23b
0exponent,2fraction.0)1(
254exponent1,2fraction.1)1(126
127exponent
S
S
N
N
FLOATING POINT
00101000.101 (40.625)
+ 11111110.110 (-1.25)
00100111.011 (39.375)
2-1 = 0.52-2 = 0.252-3 = 0.125
How can we represent fractions?Use a “binary point” to separate positivefrom negative powers of two -- just like “decimal point.”2’s comp addition and subtraction still work.
if binary points are aligned
CONVERTING LOGIC OPERATION EXITMAIN MENU
2-22
Single-precision IEEE floating point number:
1 01111110 10000000000000000000000
sign exponent fractionSign is 1 – number is negative.Exponent field is 01111110 = 126 (decimal).Fraction is 0.100000000000… = 0.5 (decimal).
Value = -1.5 x 2(126-127) = -1.5 x 2-1 = -0.75.
FLOATING POINT
Thank you, see you again