- 1. Submitted ByRaman sanoria1
2. Blu_Ray DisksISE, SCE 2 2 3. Blu_Ray DisksIntroductionHistory
& EvolutionFeaturesWorkingImplementationFuture & Commercial
MarketConclusionReferencesISE, SCE 3 4. Blu-ray disc (BD) is
appropriately named after the blue laser used to write the data A
Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is an optical disc
storage medium designed to supersede the standard DVD format. The
disc has the same physical dimensions as standard DVDs and CDs
Takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore requires a
disc with about five times more storage. Blu-ray is the
next-generation digital video disc. It can record, store and play
back high-definition video and digital audio, as well as computer
data. The advantage to Blu-ray is the sheer amount of information
it can hold.ISE, SCE4 4 5. A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is
roughly the samesize as a DVD, can hold up to 25GB of data --
thatsmore than two hours of high-definition video or about13 hours
of standard video. A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50
GB,enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definitionvideo or more
than 20 hours of standard video. Users will be able to connect to
the Internet andinstantly download subtitles and other
interactivemovie features. 5 6. 1st GENERATION:Compact disc (CD):
--- 650/700 MBIt is with us for over 20 years.Wavelength of laser
which reads data: 780 nmColor of laser: Red2nd GENERATION:Digital
versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GBIt offers high quality sound and
video than CD.Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nmColor of
laser: Red3rd GENERATION: Blue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB1.
Developed by blue-ray disc association (which includes Apple,
Hitachi, HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp,
Sony)2. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 405 nm3. Color of
laser: Blue-violet which was developed bySHUJI NAKAMURAat NICHIA
CORPORATION6 7. Record high-definition television (HDTV) without
any qualitylossInstantly skip to any spot on the diskRecord one
program while watching another on the discCreate playlistsEdit or
reorder programs recorded on the discAutomatically search for an
empty space on the disc to avoidrecording over a programAccess the
Web to download subtitles and other extra featuresISE, SCE 7 7 8.
Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits
-- spiral grooves that run from the center of the disc to its
edges. A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps --
to play the movie or program that is stored on the DVD. The more
data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely
packed the pits must be. The smaller the pits , the more precise
the reading laser must be. Unlike current DVDs, Blu-ray uses a blue
laser . A blue laser has a shorter wavelength (405 nanometers) than
a red laser (650 nanometers). The smaller beam focuses more
precisely, enabling it to read information recorded in pits that
are only 0.15 microns (m) this is more than twice as small as the
pits on a DVD. Blu-ray has reduced the track pitch from 0.74
microns to 0.32 microns. The smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter
track pitch together enable a single- layer Blu-ray disc to hold
more than 25 GB of informationISE, SCE 8 8 9. Pits : spiral grooves
that runfrom the centre of the disc toits edgesBumps : other sides
of theseedges.Track pitch : it is the distance between the two
tracks (of pits) on the surface.-----------------------------Disc
store digitally encoded data in PITS. 9 10. So, in blu-ray disc:Pit
size 0.15 microns ( more than twice as small as the pits on DVD
)Track-pitch is : 0.32 micronsLaser needed : blue-violet laser (405
nm)Data transfer rate : 36 Mbps10 11. Each Blu-ray disc is about
the same thickness (1.2millimeters) as a DVD. But the two types of
discs store datadifferently 11 12. How its MadeThe Blu-ray disc
overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a
1.1-mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents
birefringence andtherefore prevents readability problems. And, with
the recording layer sitting closerto the objective lens of the
reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtuallyeliminated.
Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed
on theoutside of the disc to protect it from scratches and
fingerprints. The design of the Blu-ray discs saves onmanufacturing
costs. Traditional DVDsare built by injection molding the two0.6-mm
discs between which therecording layer is sandwiched. Theprocess
must be done very carefully toprevent birefringence. The two discs
are molded. The recording layer is added to one of thediscs. The
two discs are glued together. Blu-ray discs only do the
injection-moldingprocess on a single 1.1-mm disc, whichreduces
cost. 12 13. BLU-RAY DISKS DENSITY ADVANTAGE Higher densityenables
better dataseek times Shorter to travelfor same amountof data
results infaster data seek Better for randomaccess of data13 14.
DUAL LAYER 14 15. 15 16. LASER AND OPTICS Blu-ray Disc uses a
"blue" (technically violet) laser, operating at awavelength of 405
nm, to read and write data. The diodes are InGaN (IndiumGallium
Nitride) lasers that produce 405 nm photons directly, that is,
withoutfrequency doubling or other nonlinear optical mechanisms.
Conventional DVDsand CDs use red and near-infrared lasers, at 650
nm and 780 nm, respectively. The blue-violet lasers shorter
wavelength makes it possible to store moreinformation on a 12 cm
CD/DVD-size disc. The minimum "spot size" on which alaser can be
focused is limited by diffraction, and depends on the wavelength
ofthe light and the numerical aperture of the lens used to focus
it. By decreasingthe wavelength, increasing the numerical aperture
from 0.60 to 0.85, andmaking the cover layer thinner to avoid
unwanted optical effects, the laser beamcan be focused to a smaller
spot. This allows more information to be stored inthe same area.
For Blu-ray Disc, the spot size is 580 nm. In addition to
theoptical improvements, Blu-ray Discs feature improvements in data
encoding thatfurther increase the capacity. 16 17. Recording
speedTheoretical Write time for Blu-Data rateDrive ray Disc
(minutes)speed Mbit MBSingle-Layer Dual-Layer /s/s1 364.590 1802 72
9 45904 144 1822.5 456 216 27 15308 288 36 11.2522.5 12 ] 432 54
7.5 1517 18. Software standardsCodecsThe BD-ROM specification
mandates certain codec compatibilitiesfor both hardware decoders
(players) and movie software.VideoFor video, all players are
required to support MPEG-2 Part 2,H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTE
VC-1.MPEG-2 is the codec usedAudioFor audio, BD-ROM players are
required to support Dolby Digital(AC-3), DTS, and linear PCM.18 19.
Java is used to implement interactive menus on Blu-ray Discs,
asopposed to the method used on DVD video discs. Inclusion of a
Java Virtual Machine, as well as network connectivityin some BD
devices, will allow updates to Blu-ray Discs via theInternet,
adding content such as additional subtitle languages andpromotional
features not included on the disc at pressing time. This Java
Version is called BD-J Most Blu-ray Discs that have BD-J menus do
not allow a Blu-rayDisc player to automatically resume a movie from
the point at whichit was stopped.ISE, SCE 1919 20. Ongoing
developmentAlthough the Blu-ray Disc specification has been
finalized, engineers continueto work on advancing the technology.
Quad-layer (100 GB) discs have beendemonstrated on a drive with
modified opticsJVC has developed a three-layer technology that
allows putting bothstandard-definition DVD data and HD data on a
BD/(standard) DVDcombination. If successfully commercialized, this
would enable the consumer topurchase a disc that can be played on
current DVD playersIn December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a
400 GB (containing 16data layers, 25 GB each) and a 500 GB
(containing 20 layers) Blu-ray Disc thatwill be compatible with
current players after a firmware update. Its plannedlaunch is in
the 200910 time frame for ROM and 201013 for rewritable
discs.Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB (1,000GB)
Blu-ray Disc assoon as 2013.20 21. Expect the BD to become more
prevalent once the HDTV market establishes its presence.Audio and
video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.Look
for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further
refined.Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already. Pioneer
announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got successin making
BD withincreased Disc Sizeof 500GB.21 22. More capacity, Density
and Performance More Industry Support/Consumer Reach(BDA has 140+
members) More Durable More Interactive User Experience More
Flexible Content Protection: AAC,BD+ Renewability Technology and
ROMMarkAVMON for Distributed Systems22 23.
http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/254136
http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=1616,
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/424938/White-paper-General-Blu-ray-Disc-Format
http://allfreedownloadlinks.com/free-softwares/free-multimedia-software/blu-ray-
to-dvd-pro-v120/
http://reviews.cnet.com/1770-9991_7-0.html?query=blu+ray+disc&searchtype=products&tag=ltcol;narrow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc# Technical_specifications
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx?SearchBy=0&Word=blu+ray+disc&By=023
