Bryophyte An amphibian of plant kingdom

Dr. Manoj JoshiDepartment of botany

Khandelwal College of Science and technology

BryophyteBryon= Moss Phyton= Plants

• Intermediate between thallophyta and Pteridophyta • Known of plant amphibians. • Represent 960 Genera and 24,000 species • Wide range of habit and habitat • Riccia fluitans = submerged• Ricciocarpus natans=submerged• Porella platyphylla=Scanty soil, Moist rock• Dendroceros = Epiphytic moss• Buxbaumia minakate• B. aphylla• Cryptothallus mirabilis

Saprophytic Bryophyte

Fossil Bryophyte

Coenozoic era =Mucites yallournensis• Jugermannites

Mesozoic era= Sphagnum sp., Ricciopsis sp.,

Palaeozoic era= Intia vermicularia, I faciformis

Evolution of Plants

• The 24,000 bryophyte species, sometimes grouped into a single phylum are now grouped in three phyla:

1. Mosses (Bryophyta), 2. Liverworts (Hepatophyta) and 3. Hornworts (Anthoceraphyta).

• They reproduce by spores, never have flowers, and can be found growing on the ground, on rocks, and on other plants.

Three groups

Mosses (Bryophyta), Liverworts (Hepatophyta)

Hornworts (Anthoceraphyta)

General Characters of bryophyte

• Heteromorphic :1:Gametophic Phase 2:Sporophytic Phase

Gametophytic Stage

• Large• Long lived • Independent• Green• Free branched

Sporophytic Phase

• Short live• Dependent on gametophyte • Sporangium develop by embryo on

gametophyte• Sporophyte divided into foot seta capsule

Capsule

• Capsule have sporogenous cell which give rise new spore .

• After reductional devision haploid spore are formed.• All spore are same in shape and size• Spore are non motile & disseminated by wind

Alternation of generation

• Life cycle of bryophyte represent by two distinct phase

• 1) one is independent autotrophic haploid gametophytic phase . Its develop male and female gametes fuse and give rise diploid zygote which function as a mother cell for sporophytic phase

• 2) Second is sporophytic phase .