1

gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨ I

Lv`¨ AvBb

W. ‡gv: bwRi Avn¤§` wgqv mnKvix cwiPvjK(wmGg),

weGmwUAvB

2

Lv`¨ (Food)gvby‡li †`‡ni PvwjKv kw³i Rb¨ Pvwn`v wgUv‡Z gy‡L †h mKj `ªe¨ MÖnY ev cvb K‡i Zv‡K, Lv`¨ e‡j| †`‡ni GB kw³ fvZ, gvQ, gvsm, wWg, `ya, mewR, dj, ‰Zj I wPwb Gme Lv`¨ †_‡K cvIqv hvq| g~j K_v †hme Lv`¨ `ªe¨ MÖnY Ki‡j †`‡ni MVb, e„w× mvab, Kg©kw³ Drcv`b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w× cvq Ges †`n my¯’ _v‡K Zv‡KB Lv`¨ e‡j|

3

gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨ (Quality food c‡Y¨i ‡¯úwmwd‡Kkb ev gvb

(Specification or Standard) Abyhvqx h_vh_ KuvPvgvj e¨envi K‡i mwVK cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii d‡j †fv³vi Pvwn`vgZ ev wbw`©ó wWRvB‡bi †h Lv`¨cY¨ ‰Zwi I msi¶Y Kiv nq, Zv‡K gvbm¤§Z Lv`¨ e‡j| Lv†`¨ gvÎv AwZwi³ wcÖRvi‡fwUf, wbgœgv‡bi KuvPvgvj Ges dzW‡MÖW bq Ggb is e¨envi wbwl×| Bnv c‡Y¨i ¸YMZgvb I weï×Zv bó K‡i d‡j cY¨ wba©vwiZgv‡bi mgchv©‡q _v‡K bv| Amy¯’¨ cÖvbx †_‡K cÖvß Lv`¨ I welv³ `ªe¨hy³ Lv`¨‡K gvbm¤§Z ejv hv‡e bv|

4

gvb (Standard) c‡Y¨i gvb GKwU KvwiMwi WKz‡g›U/MvBW hv‡Z c‡Y¨i

msÁv, ‡¯úwmwd‡Kkb, m¨v¤úwjs, cix¶vi c×wZMZ w`K wb‡`©kbv Av‡Q| RvZxq gvb KwgwU‡Z i‡q‡Qb Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZwbwa, wek¦we`¨vjq I M‡elYv BÝwUwUDU n‡Z we‡klÁMY|

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii RvZxq gvb cÖbqYKvix cÖwZôvb weGmwUAvB (evsjv‡`k ó¨vÛvW©m GÛ †Uwós BÝwUwUDkb) G hveZ cÖvq 2200 gvb cÖbqY K‡i‡Q| G‡`i g‡a¨ 59 wU Lv`¨cY¨‡K eva¨Zvg~jK mvwU©wd‡KU Ae gvK©m& Gi AvIqZvq Avbqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cvDiæwU Gi evsjv‡`k gvb-382:2001 (BDS-382:2001), we¯‹zU Gi Rb¨ BDS-383:2001 myBUwgU (im‡Mvj v, PgPg, Kv‡jvRvg, m‡›`k, ¯úÄ im‡Mvjøv, imgvjvB, gÛv, jvj‡gvnb, Gi Rb¨ BDS-1309:2007

5

cywó (Nutrition) ‡h cÖKv‡ii Lv`¨ e¯‘ AvniY Kivi ci cwic° I cwi‡kvwaZ nq c‡i

wewfbœ †Kv‡l Qwo‡q c‡o Ges ‡`‡ni e„w×, ¶qc~iY, Kg©kw³ Drcv`b I †ivM cÖwZ‡iva evov‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Bnv †`‡ni Af¨š—‡i GKwU ‰RweK kw³ cÖwµqv Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ cywói m¤úK© wbweo| Lv`¨ ‰Zwi I MÖn‡Yi c×wZ Rvbv _vK‡j Kg Li‡PI cywóKi Lv‡`¨i Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|

6

Lv‡`¨ †fRvj (Food Adulteration) ‡fRvj Lv`¨ ej‡Z weï× Lv‡`¨i mv‡_ Ggb

†Kvb `ªe¨ (Lv`¨ ev cvbxq wn‡m‡e) wgkªY NUv‡bv‡K eySvq, hv‡Z Abyi“c Lv`¨ ev cvbxq ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi nq| H ¶wZKi `ªe¨‡K Lv‡`¨i †fRvj (Food Adulterant) e‡j| †fRv‡ji Kvi‡Y Lv‡`¨i ¸Yv¸Y bó nq I †fv³v mvaviY we‡µZvi KvQ †_‡K mwVK gv‡bi Lv`¨ †_‡K ewÂZ nq|

hw` †Kvb Lv`¨ A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k ˆZwi, †c‡KwRs Kiv nq Z‡e †mUv `~wlZ n‡q ¯^v†¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z cv‡i| AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©i“‡c cPuv, evwm, `yMÜhy³, †cvKvhy³ Lv`¨ ¯^v¯’¨nvwbKi| Lv‡`¨ †fRvjKvix‡`i Rb¨ Ges wbgœgv‡bi Lv`¨cY¨ Drcv`b ev mieivnKvix‡`i Rb¨ i‡q‡Q kvw¯—i weavb|

7

wbivc` Lv`¨ (Safe Food) ¶zavi mgq Lv`¨ I cY¨ MÖnb Kievi ci hw` Avgv‡`i kvwiixK my¯’¨Zv

AUzU _v‡K, †c‡Ui ev kvwiixK Amy¯’¨Zv m„wó bv nq Z‡e H mKj Lv`¨‡K wbivc` Lv`¨ e‡j| ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z cwi‡e‡k ¶wZKi `ªe¨ m¤ú~b© cwiZ¨vM K‡i Rxevbygy³fv‡e wbivc` Lv`¨ ˆZwi Kiv m¤¢e| hw` †Kvb Lv`¨ A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k ‰Zwi c¨v‡KwRs Kiv nq Z‡e †mUv `ywlZ n‡q ¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z cv‡i| AvswkK ev m¤ú~b© fv‡e cPuv-evwm, `yiMÜhy³, †cvKvhy³ Lv`¨ ¯^v¯’¨nvwbKi|

gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` (Quality and Safe Food) Lv`¨ ‰Zix AvR AwZ Ri“ix wek¦e¨vcx RbM‡bi Lv`¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó n‡q‡Q| e¨emv †¶‡Î mdjZv Avb‡Z mKj Drcv`bKvix‡K gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` Lv`¨ ˆZix‡Z †mv”Pvi n‡Z n‡e| bB‡j †fv³vmvavib Drcv`bKvixi cY¨ MÖnb n‡Z weiZ †_‡KB eo kvw¯— w`‡Z cv‡i|

Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone Disease)

‡iv‡Mi DrcwË A‡bK Kvi‡Y n‡Z cv‡i †hgb - `~wlZ cwi‡ek, `~wlZ cvwb, RxevYyyhy³ Lv`¨|

`~wlZ cwi‡ek t `~wlZ I m¨uvZ‡mu‡Z cwi‡ek †_‡K

m¨vj‡gv‡bjv, KgcvB‡jv, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, dvsMvm BZ¨vw` Lv‡`¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i| M„‡n, †nv‡Uj-†i‡¯u—viv‡Z, Lv`¨ wk‡í cY¨ Drcv`‡bi mgq hvnv‡Z Lv`¨ RxevYy Øviv K›Uvwg‡b›U bv nq ‡m Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb‡K cv‡mv©bvj nvBwRb I KviLvbv‡Z ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡ek wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone Disease)

`~wlZ cvwbt mvaviYZ `~wlZ cvwb‡Z UvBd‡qW,

Wvqwiqv, K‡jiv, †ncvUvBwUR A¨vwgwfqvm, Kwjdig cÖf„wZ RxevYy _v‡K| KviLvbv/Drcv`b ¯’‡j weï× / wbivc` cvwb e¨e¯’v bv _vK‡j H me RxevYy Øviv †fv³v Avµvš— n‡e|

Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM (Food Brone Disease)

RxevYyevwnZ Lv`¨t A‡bK †¶‡Î Amy¯’¨ cÖvYx †_‡K `ya

msMÖn Kiv nq| D³ `y‡a Gw›UevqwUK mn wewfbœ RxevY~ _vK‡Z cv‡i| `y‡a digvwjb _vK‡Z cv‡i| †Lvjv Lvevi Bu`yi, weovj, gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv, ev Ab¨vb¨ cZ½ Øviv `~wlZ n‡Z cv‡i| Amy¯’¨Kgx© (mw`©, Kvwk, Pg©‡ivM, n¨vucvbx †iv‡M Avµvš—) Øviv Lv`¨ ‰Zwi/ cwi‡ek‡b Lv‡`¨ RxevYyhy³ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK †¶‡Î wbivc` Lv`¨ cwi‡ek‡Ki Acwi®‹vi nvZ / bL Øviv `~wlZ n‡Z cv‡i|

Lv`¨ evwnZ †ivM cÖwZ‡iva (Prevention of Food Borne Disease)

fvjdj, Lv`¨, cvbxq `ªe¨ ev ivbœvKiv Lv`¨‡K cuPv dj, evwm Lv`¨, `~wlZ cvwb Ges KvPuv Lvevi †_‡K Ab¨Î ¯’v‡b ¯^Zš¿xKiY (Quarantine)|

cv‡m©v‡bj nvBwRb ev Rb¯^v¯’¨ g~jK wk¶v wel‡q cÖwk¶Y`vb Ges †g‡b Pjv|

Lv`¨ `ªe¨ ˆZwi I msi¶‡Yi ¯’vb cwi®‹viKiY I RxevYy bvkK KiY|

Amy¯’¨Kgx©‡K Kv‡R wbhy³ bv Kiv| gvsm, `ya, wWg mwVK fv‡e KzwKs Kiv| weï× cvwbi e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv| mwVK ZvcgvÎvq Lv`¨ msi¶Y Kiv|

12

Lv‡`¨ †fRvjKvix, wbgœgv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`b ev mieivn Ges IR‡b

KviPzwci Rb¨ i‡q‡Q kvw¯—i weavb| evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ msµvš— AvBb (Food

Law) evsjv‡`k weïØ Lv`¨ i“jm-1967 we‡kl ¶gZv AvBb- 1974, (1978 mv‡j ms‡kvwaZ) Lv`¨ km¨ mieivn Aa¨v‡`k -1956 ‡ZRwµqZv wbqš¿b AvBb-1987 Av‡qvwWb NvUwZ AvBb-1989 AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ªe¨vw` AvBb-1990 grm¨ I grm¨ `ªe¨ AvBb-1997 evsjv‡`k weï× Lv`¨ Aa¨v‡`k -1959 Ges (ms‡kvab)

G¨v± 2005 evsjv‡`k ó¨vÛvW©m GÛ †Uwós BÝwUwUDkb Aa¨v‡`k -

1985 Ges (ms‡kvab) G¨v± ,2003 XvKv wmwU K‡c©v‡ikb Aa¨v‡`k, 1994 w` ó¨vÛvW©m Ae I‡qUm GÛ ‡gRvm© G¨v±, 1982

Ges (ms‡kvab) G¨v±, 2001 cY¨ mvgMÖx †gvoKRvZKiY wewagvjv -2007 ‡gvevBj †KvU© AvBb - 2009

wkí cY¨ (Industrial Product)

wkí cY¨ ej‡Z KviLvbv ev †h †Kvb wk‡í cÖ‡qvRbxq KvPvugvj cÖwµqvRvZKi‡bi gva¨‡g bZzb wKQz ‰Zix Kiv I †fv³v mvavi‡bi e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx Kiv‡K eySvq| Lv`¨cY¨ gvbm¤§Z, my¯^v`y , wbivc`, ¶wZKi ivqmvqwbK c`v_© gy³ I c¨v‡_v‡RwbK gvB‡µv AM©vwbRg gy³ n‡Z n‡e|

evsjv‡`‡k wZb †kªbxi Lv`¨ wkí i‡q‡Qt

e„nr wkí cY¨: Kve©‡b‡UW †efv‡iR, wgé I wgé †cÖvWv±m, Av‡qvwWbhy³ jeb, d«zU Rym BZ¨vw`|

gvSvwi wkí cY¨: A‡Uv‡gwUK ev †mwg A‡Uv †eªW I we¯‹zU d¨v±ix, wWªswKs IqvUvi, ‡i‡¯—viv ,byWyjm, wPcm, gmjv BZ¨vw`|

¶z`ª wkí cY¨: †gKvwbK¨vj ev Kb‡fbkbvj wm‡÷‡gi PvbvPzi, cvDi“wU, jv”Qv †mgvB, we¯‹zU, †KK, mm, R¨vg, †Rjx BZ¨vw`| G‡`‡ki A‡bK cÖwZôv‡bi Drcvw`Z we¯‹zU, gmjv, wN, R¨vg, †Rjx, mm, gywo, gay, jv”Qv †mgvB BZ¨vw` evsjv‡`‡ki gv‡bi cvkvcvwk Avš—©RvwZK gvb mb` (BSTI, HACCP, ISO-22000) jvf K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i cY¨ †`‡ki evB‡iI ißvbx n‡”Q|

gvbm¤§Z I wbivc` Lv`¨ e¨e¯’vcbv (Quality and Safe Food

Management)KvPuvgvj Ges c‡Y¨i gvbwbqš¿b e¨e¯’v _vKv| Lv‡`¨ ¶wZKviK (Hazard) c`v_© Aek¨B MÖnb‡hvM¨ gvÎvi wb‡P wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|cÖwZôv‡bi cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ wbR¯^ MvBWjvBb ev g¨vbyqvj ˆZix Kiv| cÖ‡qvRbxq RvZxqgvb/Avš—©RvwZKgvb mb` †hgb- (BSTI CM, ISO22000, HACCP)Rbej‡K cÖwkw¶Z Kiv|

D‡Ïk¨:

evsjv‡`k gv‡bi (mswk ó we wW &Gm Gi mgZyj¨) cY¨ ˆZix I evRviRvZ KiY|

¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cwi‡e‡k wbivc` Lv`¨cb¨ ˆZixKib, weµq I weZib|

‡fv³v mvavi‡bi mšy—wó I AwaKvi msi¶b (A_v©r †gqv` DËx©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ cb¨ evRvi †_‡K Zz‡j †bIqv Ges c¨v‡KU ev †gvo‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ D‡j L Kiv)

we Gm wU AvB Aa¨v‡`k, wW wm wm G¨v± I evsjv‡`k weï× Lv`¨ AvBb Ges dzWmsK&ªvš— †i¸‡jkb †g‡b Pjv|

D‡Ïk¨ (Policy)

j¶¨: ‡fv³v mvavi‡bi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx

wewfbœ †ewKs Lv`¨ cY¨ mieivn I Drcv`‡b mvg_© AR©b

evRviRvZKi‡Y bZyb †KŠkj m„wó| cÖwk¶‡bi gva¨‡g Drcv`b Kgx©‡`i

Ávb I `¶Zv e„w× ‡`kxq gv‡bi cvkvcvwk Avš—R©vwZK

gvb mb` (ISO, HACCP) MÖn‡bi †hvM¨Zv m„wó|

j¶¨ (Objective)

KviLvbvi KvVv‡gv (Structure ) chv©ß ¯’vb, hš¿cvwZ, msi¶‡Yi e¨e¯’v _vKv| ch©vß cvwb e¨env‡ii my‡hvM I ‡gBb‡U‡m‡Ýi

e¨e¯’v _vKv| gkv, gvwQ, †cvKv, Bu`yi, cvLx, cÖ‡ek

cÖwZ‡iva g~jK e¨e¯’v wbwðZ KiY| chv©ß jvBwUs Ges †fw›U‡jkb myweav _vKv| Iqvj gm„b Ges nvjKv is‡qi †cB›U Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡mwms Gi Rb¨ chv©ß ¯’vb | ‡d¬vi, Iqvj mn‡R cwi¯‹vi Kivi Dc‡hvMx _vKv | Af¨š—‡ii †`qvj mv`v ev nvjKv is Gi _vKv

DwPZ |

KviLvbvi KvVv‡gv (Structure)

KvPuvgv‡ji ‡MvWvDb, wgw·s, cÖ‡mwms, KvwU©s / †ewKs, c¨v‡KwRs Ges wdwbm †cÖvWv±m (Drcv`b) Gi Rb¨ c„_K c„_K &Gwiqv _vKv |

ev&B‡ii mv‡_ cÖ‡mwms / Drcv`b Gwiqv‡K mivmwi cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM bv _vKv|

chv©ß jvBwUs myweav| cÖ‡qvRbxq †fw›U‡jkb myweav I Rvwj †bU hy³ Rvbvjv| gvwQ, †Zjv‡cvKv, Bu`yi BZ¨vw`i cÖ‡ek cÖwZ‡ivaK

e¨e¯’v| cÖ‡mwms BDwb‡Ui mv‡_ Uq‡jU mivmwi mshy³ _vKv

hv‡e bv|

KviLvbv KvVv‡gv (Structure of Factory)

gm„b ev mn‡R cwi®‹vi †hvM¨ †d¬vi n‡Z n‡e| ayqv wbMg©‡Yi e¨e¯’v _vKv| ‡`qvj, †d¬vi mn‡R cwi®‹vi †hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e| eR©¨ wbM©gb Ges †Wª‡bR e¨e¯’v _vKv

(cÖ‡qvR‡b wfbœ †MU/ `iRv e¨envi Kiv)| cÖ‡mwms /KzwKs BDwb‡Ui mv‡_ Uq‡jU ivLv

hv‡e bv| PvgP, ev‡KU, wWm, K‡›UBbvi, †c U I M vm

BD‡Ubwmj BZ¨vw` cwi®‹vi `ªe¨ mwVK ¯’v‡b msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|

cvk¦©eZx© GjvKv (Surrounding area)

ayjvevwj gy³| `yM©Ü gy³| eR¨© I cq:wb¯‹vkb e¨e¯’v _vKv|

Flow Chart

KvPuvgv‡jimsi¶bvMvi Awdm/mvwf©m/wWm

-‡c ‰Zix gv‡ji msi¶bvMvi/weZiY

Drcv`b /cÖ‡mwms/KzwKsc¨v‡KwRs Kgx©‡`i ‡Wªm †PbR i“g

Iqvw©ks †P¤^vi Uq‡jU/ev_iyg

‡c U / cvÎ /‡Uª / QvuPv/WvBm

BbKvwgs ¸Wm (Incoming Goods)

cvwb, mKj KvPuvgvj, mswk ó evsjv‡`k gv‡bi (wewWGm ) n‡Z n‡e|

¶wZKi ivmvqwbK c`v_© (G¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK, †cw÷mvBWm, †nwf †gUvj, AvdjvUKwmb) gy³ n‡Z n‡e|

Ab¨ ¶wZKi `ª‡e¨i mv‡_ K›Uvwg‡bkb gy³| c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` dyW †MÖW n‡Z n‡e

(cÖ‡qvR‡b mvc vBqvi †_‡K mb` MÖnb Ki‡Z n‡e) dzW GwWwUfm (is, †d¬fvi, wcÖRvi‡fwUf)

mg~n dzW †MÖW (Avš—R©vwZK †KvW bs / Code No.hy³) n‡Z n‡e |

‡÷v‡iR (Storage)

mwVKfv‡e cwi¯‹vi Kiv| A‡c¶vK…Z ﯋ I Kg ZvcgvÎv wbwðZ Kiv| AcÖ‡qvRbxq †jv‡Ki cÖ‡ek wbwl× Kiv | `iRv eÜ ivLv| ﯋ I wfRv KvPuvgvj c„_Kfv‡e ivLv| KvPuvgvj mg~n †d¬vi †_‡K DPz‡Z Ges ‡`qvj

†_‡K Kgc‡¶ 6 Bw `y‡i Kvu‡Vi †c ‡Ui Dci msi¶b Kiv|

cÖ‡Z¨K KvPuvgv†ji †j‡ewjs / gvwK©s Kiv| wd‡dv (FIFO) wm‡÷‡g e¨envi Kiv|

Rbej I Zv‡`i ¯^v¯’¨ (Personal Hygiene):

mswk ó Kv‡Ri Dc‡hvMx I `¶ n‡Z n‡e| KviLvbvi cwi¯‹vi †cvkvK cwiavb Ki‡Z n‡e | Lvivc Af¨vm (†hLv‡b †mLv‡b _y_y †djv, Mv

PzjKv‡bv BZ¨vw`) cwiZ¨vM Kiv| mw`©, Kvwk, Pg©‡ivM, nuvcvbx, h¶v

†ivM enbKvix Kgx©‡K KvR †_‡K weiZ Kiv| cÖ‡qvR‡b †Mvmj, nvZ †avqvvi mvevb I

&G¨vw›U‡mcwUK e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv |

‡gwkbvixR (Machineries and Utensils)

bb K‡ivwmf (Ae¶q gy³) mn‡R n¨v‡Ûwjs †hvM¨| K¨vwj‡eª‡UW (_v‡gv©wgUvi ev †MR _v‡gv©wgUvi,

†cÖmvi wgUvi, e¨v‡jÝ, I‡fb / Z›`yi BZ¨vw`)| h_vh_ cwi¯‹vi ivLv| c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` cwi¯‹vi ivLv Ges K›Uvwg‡bkb

gy³ Kiv| ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Dcv‡q c¨v‡KwRs I wmwjs Kiv | ‡gwkb Acv‡ik‡b SOP(÷¨vÛvW© Acv‡ikb

cªwmwWDi) ‡g‡b Pjv |

cwi¯‹viKiY (Cleaning Facilities)

chv©ß wbivc` cvwb mvc vB I Iqvwks myweav _vKv|

KviLvbvi eR©¨ h_vmg‡q Acmvib Kiv | ‡d¬vi, †gwkbvixR, Uq‡jU cwi¯‹vi Kiv (wK¬wbs

`ªe¨- wjKzBW †mvc, wWUvi‡R›U, we wPs cvDWvi, Mig cvwb, 3% Kw÷K, 3% nvB‡Wªv‡K¬vwiK GwmW) |

nvZ †avqvi Rb¨ Rxevbygy³ Ki‡Z 5 wcwc Gg †K¬vwib cvwb, cUvwkqvg cvigv½v‡bU `ªeb ev †n·vbj `ªeb e¨envi Kiv|

c¨v‡KwRs , †j‡ej I gvwK©s (Packaging, Labeling and Marking)

c‡Y¨i bvg eªvÛ Dcv`vb Drcv`bKvixi bvg I cÖwZôv‡bi wVKvbv _vKv|

IRb, g~j¨, Drcv`b ZvwiL, †gqv` DËxY© ZvwiL, e¨vP b¤^i _vKv (cÖ‡qvR‡b) |

÷¨vÛvW© gvK© ev gvb wPý e¨venvi Kiv (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î)|

dzW‡MÖW c¨v‡KwRs `ªe¨vw` (hv cwi‡ek AvB‡b Aciva bq)|

‡fwiwd‡Kkb Ges †Uwós myweav:

j¨ve cix¶vi e¨e¯’v Chemist /Analyses _vK‡Z n‡e|

‡Uó wi‡cv©U †iKW© wKwcs _vK‡Z n‡e| h_vh_ hš¿cvwZ _vK‡Z n‡e| wi‡q‡R›U I BÝUªy‡g›U K¨vwj‡eªkb

(Calibration) Ki‡Z n‡e| ‡mvqve †Uó (Swab Test) ‡có K‡›Uªvj †iKW© _vK‡Z n‡e|

weGmwUAvB

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