Presentation by Mr. G.K Nzuva, Chairman of the Central Agricultural Board, Kenya, at the Open Forum on Agricultural Biotechnology luncheon.Mr. Nzuva gave a presentation on what he witnessed and learned at the seeing is believing Bt cotton tour to Burkina Faso organized by ISAAA Africentre and Africa Agricultural Technology Foundation.
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1. By G.K NzuvaChairman, Central Agricultural Board 14 18 14-18
November 2011
2.
PurposeandobjectivesoftheTourPurposeTosharelessonsandexperiencesandexposeparticipantstothecommercializationprocessofBtcottoninBurkinaFaso
the2ndcountrytoadoptBtcottoninAfricaObjectives
Toexposeparticipantstoresponsibleandsafeuseofthe
technologythroughoutitslifecycle
ToexposeparticipantstoBurkinaFasosregulatorysystemand g
governmentpolicyonbiotechnology p y gy
Toenlightenparticipantsaboutthecommercializationprocess ofBt
cottoninBurkinaFaso Tosharelessonsandexperiences
3. Organizationofthetour
Thestudywasorganized,facilitatedandconductedby
theInternationalServicefortheAcquisitionofAgri
theInternationalServicefortheAcquisitionofAgri
biotechApplications(ISAAA)incollaborationwith
localinstitutionsinBurkinaFaso
Sponsors:ACTESA/COMESAandtheProgramfor BiosafetySystems(PBS) Bi f S
(PBS) Thescopeofthetour: tourstofarmersfields workshopdeliberations
k h d lib ti visittoseedmultiplicationcentre mediainterviews
4. Tourparticipants
Thetourinvolvedabout30participantsdrawnfromthe Th i l d b i i d f h
followingcountries NorthernSudan Ethiopia Uganda Kenya Malawi
Zambia a ba Zimbabwe BurkinaFaso(hosts) ( )
Theabovecountriesareatdifferentlevelsof
consideringintroductionandadoptionofBt cotton
6. BackgroundInformation Burkina2 g A
Averagerainfallisabout700mmperyearwitharangeof i f lli b i h f
4001200mm Thecountryisdividedinto13administrativeregionsand
45provinces. Cottonisthemostimportantcrop(whitegold)
representing60%ofthecountrysexportearnings Othercropsinclude
sorghum,maize,groundnuts, p peanut,millet,cowpeas,sim
sim,fruitsandvegetables p g
7. WhatledtoadoptionofBt cotton BurkinaFaso Experience 1
Experience1AccordingtoInstituteofEnvironmentandAgriculturalA di I i
fE i dA i l l Research(INERA) Cottonisthe2nd
mostimportantexportcropinthecountryOver2.2millionpeopleearnlivelihoodsfromcotton
p
pCottonbollwormcancauseupto90%yieldlossesBollwormsfeedonleavesandcottonbollsThelarvaestageofthebollwormisthemostdestructive
8. Life Cycle of the Bollworm AdultEggs Cycle cycle : 2530 days
y y y Larvae Pupa
9. WhatledtoadoptionofBt cotton BurkinaFaso Experience2
Experience 2Otherdestructiveinsectsincludestainers
andjassidsIn1980sand90stherewascontinuoususeofpesticidessuchasorganophosphates,carbonates,pyrethroidssuchasorganophosphates
carbonates pyrethroids
andneocotinidesThecontinuoususeover10yearsledtoseriousinsectresistanceAsaresultnationallossofincomefromcottonwastoA
lt ti ll fi f tt t
thetuneofUS$500millionandsolutionshadtobefound
10. ProcessofintroducingBt cotton IntroductionofBt
cottonwasinthecountrys strategicplansince1992
Variousstakeholdersincludinginputsuppliers,oil
millers,scientists/researchers,regulatorspolicy , , g p y
makers,NGOsandMonsantoamongotherswere engaged g g
ApplicationtointroduceBt cottonwassubmittedto
thebiosafetyauthoritiesin2003
11. ProcessofintroducingBt cotton Bt
cottonwasintroducedfortrialsinJune2003after J 3
approvalbybiosafetyauthorities
In2003and2004researchwasconductedusing AmericanvarietiesoftheBt
cotton Duetofearofunknownphysicalbarrierswereerected D t f f k h i
lb i t d aroundtrials Peoplebelievedinmythsaboutbt
cotton(Barrenness, animalstodyingforfeedingoncottonleaves)
12. Bt cotton confinementsitein2003 Essai Bt Trappe pollen = T
llAlle (2 m)
BandeIn2004barrierswereremovedaftercontinuouseducationandsensitization
de 15 m conv.
13. ProcessofintroducingBtcottonIn2006Bt
genewasinsertedintothelocalvarietiesgrown
ybyfarmersinBurkinaFasoIn2007
demonstrationtrialswereundertakenonfarmers
fieldsfarmersfieldsCompliancewithbiosafety
trialswereconductedincompliancewithnationalbiosafetyguidelines.Residues
li i h i lbi f id li R id
wereharvestedandburntundersupervisionoflegalexpertsIn20088500hectaresofBollgard
IIwereplantedforseedpproductionIn2009
farmersplanted128,000hectaresIn2010In2010
farmersplanted278000hectares(117%from2009)
14. HowproductionofBt
cottonissupportedSOFITEXLargest(quasigovernmentcottoncompany)SOFITEXprovidesfarmerswithseeds,fertilizers,SOFITEXprovidesfarmerswithseeds
fertilizers
agrochemicalsandotherinputsthrougharrangementswithfinancialinstitutions
ithfi i li tit
tiSOFITEXbuyscottonfromfarmersandpaysthemafterrecoveringproductioncostsFasocottonandSocomaFasocottonandSocoma
areothercompanieswhichhavebeenbulkingseedsforfarmers,providinginputsandbuyingcottonBENEFITSHARINGRATIOS
Farmersreceive60%ofthebenefits,Monsanto28%andresearchandseedbenefits
Monsanto28%andresearchandseedcompaniesget12%
15. WhatscientistsinBurkinaFasohavefound AdoptionofBt
cottonhasincreasedyieldsby12.5% 23% cottonhasincreasedyieldsby12.5%
Positiveimpactonbiodiversity nontargetpestsare
moreprevalentinBtcottonthanconventionalfields
Geneflowcannotgobeyond25metres
Aftertrialsandcommercializationin2007,2008,2009 Af i l d i li i i 8
and2010efficacyandstrengthofthegeneonthe Bollwormisevident B ll i
id t
16.
WhatscientistsinBurkinaFasohavefoundINERAiscurrentlydoingpostcommercializationresearchon
Effectsofnontargetorganismsonproduction(suchas Eff t f t t i d ti (
h stainers andjassids) EffectsofBt
toxinsonnontargetorganismssuchasrats, Eff fB i i h
bees,termites,mosquitoesetcRESULTS BeesinBt
cottonfieldsproducemorehoneythanthosein conventionalfields
Btcottoncakefeedtoratsrecordednotoxicityat y 3000Mg/kg
ThequantityofoilextractedfromBtcottonand conventionalisthesame
17. Research on Bees and honey production by INERA Beehive
Beehive imported from Kenya
28. InterviewswithfarmersinBoboGrowing conventional cotton is
labourintensive 6-8 sprays in a season 6 8
29. HowfarmersutilizeincomefromBt cotton Educationforchildren
Purchaseofoxen P h f Buyingofinputssuchasfertilizersforothercrops y
g p p likemaize Purchaseoftractorsforfarmerswithhigher acreages
Purchaseofbeefcattleforfattening P h fb f ttl f f tt i
Investmentinmotorbikes:majorformof transportinthecountry
31. ImplicationsforKenyaasmovetowards commercializationofBt
commercialization of Bt
cottonTheneedforgoodstewardshipprogrammestomanageissuessuchasgeneflowThestatusofotherpestsaswemanagethebollworm?Roleofginnerieswhobuycottonfromeverywhereacrossthecottonbeltsandalsoimportfromoutsidethecountry?EfficientseedproductionanddeliverysystemsarecrucialEffi
i t d d ti dd li t i
lAgriculturalcreditarrangementsnecessarytosupportadoption d
iThecostofBt
cottonseedisrelativelyhighandthisneedstobeaddressedearlyenough
32. TakehomemessagesBt
cottontechnologycanhaveatremendousimpactonhouseholdincomesandppovertyalleviationif
yintroducedandmanaged presponsibly
yCountriesthatwishtoadopadoptBtcottonshould co o s ou
dconsiderlocalsituationsandmakesuchprogrammeshomegrown