Upload
aishwarya-deopujari
View
10.954
Download
7
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY - IV
AKSHAY ANANDAISHWARYA DEOPUJARIBHAVYA SHARMAMAYANK KATYALSAARANSH TANGRIRISHABH GUPTA
A dropped ceiling is often a secondary ceiling, hung below the main (structural) ceiling. It may also be referred to as a drop ceiling, T-bar ceiling,false ceiling, suspended ceiling, grid ceiling, drop in ceiling, or drop out ceiling .
The area above the dropped ceiling is called plenums pace.
Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape
Control diffusion of: light sound
Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights,
diffusers, communication, sprinkler…
May assist with fire resistance distribution / return of HVAC
Exposed Structural & MPETightly AttachedSuspended Interstitial
Exposed Structure & MPE Industrial, warehouse, …▪ Economy & ease of maintenance
Timber, trusses, etc.▪ Often for appearance
Flat Plate Painted - hotels & apartments Minimal MPE services in ceiling Economy and reduces story
height
Exposed Structure Ceiling“Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling
Textured Ceiling
Exposed Timber & MPE Services
Attached directly to joists or slabs Special arrangements / accommodations for:
Structural members (beams, girders) MPE systems
Suspended from the Structure Generally by wires
Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic)
Structure
Suspended Ceiling•Drywall•Plaster•Acoustic (incombustible fibers)
SupportWires
Ceiling Plenum space
forducts, pipes, conduit ...
Support System•Metal Framing•Furring Channels•“Metal Grid
Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)
Acoustic “Lay-in Panels”
•Exposed Metal Grid•2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels•MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile•Economical
Main Runners•Provide Main Ceiling Support•Generally 4’ o.c.•Attached to “Hangers”•Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads”
Cross Tees•Intermediate Support•“Rest”/ attach to Mains•Spacing depends on tile
“Difficult” to access
Wall Angle•Attaches to wall
Diffuser sized 2x2
“Recessed” Grid
Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication
Multiple Tile Finishes Available
Common Support Grid Profile
Suspended Ceiling used as a
Fire Resistant Membrane
The Integrity of the Fire
Resistant Rating Must be Maintained
at the Ceiling Penetrations
Combination Light/Diffuser
Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above
Common with elaborate MPE systems Hospitals & laboratories
Purpose: Accommodate extensive MPE systems Provide access for maintenance &
updating services
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing such a floor covering.
Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface.
TYPES OF FLOORING: Hard flooring Soft flooring Flooring supporting under floor services
Functions: Visual Acoustics Light Wearing Surface
Considerations Life / durability Skid resistance Sanitation Noise Fire (resistance, combustibility) Other (conductivity,..)
Distribution of electrical /communications
Methods Conduit Cellular Raceways Cellular Decking Raised Flooring
Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab
Softer base.Types of Soft flooring:1.Carpets2.Rugs 3.ResilientsTypes of installations: Installation
Glued directly to substrate, or Pad & tackless strip
Insulates against drafts Decreases noise More comforting feel Quality
Pile (nap): visible surface of carpet Density: how close the tufts are made together,
more important than depth Heat setting Twist Depth
Types based on materials:NYLON: most popular, durable , easy to
maintain, limited colors.POLYPROPYLENE: strong, nonabsorbent, resists stains and static, colorfast, cheap, crushes easily, limited colors, heat sensitive
Polyester bend:• made from recycled plastics, • resists stains and fading Acrylic:• feels and looks like wool• low static level• resists mildew• subject to pilling
Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo
Edge Strip
Wool:• soft• durable• long lasting• expensive• moth sensitive• shrinkage• allergies• hard to clean
Cut Pile Formal looking plush,
velvet, smooth, may flatten Saxony
Similar to cut but yarns have been twisted more giving less formal appearance
Frieze Informal, curly texture,
shows minimal marks
Level Loop Loops are all same height, may have
flecks of darker color, durableMulti-level Loop
Two or three loop heights, sculpted or embossed effect, good in high traffic areas
Cut and Loop Pile Sculptured effect from some looks cut
and some braided, very durable
Extends life of carpetShock absorberLess than ½” thick
Use of a Soft material Padded carpet Cushioned resilient flooring Resilient underlayment
Selection of surrounding material Dense ceiling material below (plaster,
drywall) Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring
hangers
Skid Resistance Measure by its static coefficient of friction
(SCOF) Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping
Flame Resistance Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria Exit corridors typically have higher
requirements
Resistant to: Wear Moisture
Noisy -conduct sound
Types Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo
Advantages Low initial cost Durable
Common Uses Parking decks Warehouses Industrial
Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting
Types Marble Granite Slate Sandstone etc.
Installation Setting Bed Grouted joints
MARBLE Green Marble Golden Marble Rain Forest Brown Marble Rain Forest Golden Marble Rain Forest Green Marble Plain Green MarbleGRANITE Paradise Granites Asian Granite Black Galaxy Granite slab Paradiso Granite Kashmir Gold Granite Himalayan Blue Granite Raw Silk Granite Indian Jubrana Granite
Marble
Granite
Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge)
Often with a setting bed
With Grouted Joints Without Grouted Joints
Paver Patterns
Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation
▪ Setting Bed (typical)▪ Thin Set▪ Grout Joints
Fired Clay Often Glazed Finish Floors & Walls Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with
backing sheets
Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor
Laying Ceramic Tile
Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel
Spacers Being Installed
Tile Placement
Cutting Tile
Small tile shipped with backing sheet
Decorative Ceramic Tile
Ground/polished concrete Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement Divider strips▪ At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction
Brass Divider Strips
Strip Flooring Tongue and groove Nailed to sub floor Pre-finished or unfinished
Random Plank Wider than strips Screwed to sub floor, covered with wood plugs
Parquet Small pieces arranged in different designs Pre-finished squares for easy installation
Materials white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, ….
Types Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled) Parquet
Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)
Blind Nailed Strip Flooring
Multiple Floor Finisheswood, tile, & carpet
Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT)
Will show substrate irregularities Multiple colors & patterns Low cost, moderate durability Installation - glued
Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.)
Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics
Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution
Recycling of interior materials in its infancy