Cambridge IGCSE Biology

2- organisation of organisms

Biology

Cambridge IGCSE Biology

2.1 cell structure and organisation

Cell membrane function It is controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell ( semi permeable )

2.1 cell structure and organisation

Nucleus function Keep the genetic information for one generation to otherBecause of DNA

Helps cell to produce suitable proteins

Cytoplasm function Many different metabolic reactions take place in it

2.1 cell structure and organisation

chloroplast function It contains chlorophyll to absorb Light energy for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Vacuole function It helps plant cells to keep in shape Helps in water movement by osmosis

Ribosome It is small dot attached to network of membrane runs through cytoplasm called ( rough endoplasmic reticulum )

Ribosome function It is the place where proteins are made

2.1 cell structure and organisation Extended

Mitochondria It is found all cells except ( prokaryotic cell )It is the power house of the cell It is the center of aerobic respiration ( glucose + O2)It is found in large number in cells which need a lot of energy such as ( muscles – sperm – neurons

2.1 cell structure and organisation Extended

2.2 Levels of organisationTypes of cell Where it is found Function

Ciliated cells Lining the trachea and bronchi

Move mucus upwards

Root hair cells Near the end of plant root

Absorb water and mineral

Xylem vessels In root , stem and leaf

Transport water and mineral Support plant

Palisade cells In the plant leaf photosynthesis

Types of cell Where it is found Function

Nerve cells In body animals Transport in formation in electrical impulse

Root hair cells Near the end of plant root

Absorb water and mineral

Red blood cells In the blood of mammals

Transport Oxygen

Sperm and egg cells

In testes and ovaries

Fuse together to form zygot

2.2 Levels of organisation

Tissue is a group of cells with similarstructures, working together to perform ashared function

Organ is a structure made up of a groupof tissues, working together to perform specific functions• Organ system is a group of organs withrelated functions, working together to perform body functions

2.2 Levels of organisation

2.2 Levels of organisation

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