Chapter -1

(The Indian Constitution)

Q.1- Cite two countries who are in the process of

preparing their constitution?

Ans.- (1) Nepal

(2) Bhutan

Q.2- Do you think all countries require a constitution?

Ans.- Constitution is the mirror of country to reflect their

political system.

Q.3- What does a constitution describe ?

Ans.- Constitution describes The fundamental rules and

basic law which is governed by our society.

Q.4- What do you understand by the system of checks and

balances ?

Ans.- Checks and balances help to allay any attempt at

authoritarian rule or any other form of injustice.

Q.5- How does a constitution prevent the tyranny of the

government?

Ans.- Some people may use their lordship for dominating

members of their own community then growth of

minority might be stopped. So, Constitution is

prevent the tyranny of the minority by the majority.

Q.6- Different between fundamental right and directive

principles of state policy ?

Ans.- Fundamental right are mandatory for government

and it is concerned with the individual but the

directive principles are optional for government and

it is concerned with the society.

Q.7- What do you understand by secularism?

Ans.- Purely secularism means freedom of religion and

non-interference policy of state in religious activity

and all religions are equal before law.

Q.9- Constitutions serve several purpose; Discuss.

Ans.- Constitutions serve several purpose are –

1. Justice :- The Constitution gives the opportunity

‘Justice For All’ to India citizen. so every people

have right to get justice.

2. Liberty :- Constitution provides liberty to all

citizen of India to secure their freedom.

3. Equality :- This objective ensure the equality of

citizen and all are equal in the eye of law.

4. Fraternity :- Constitutions encourage the

nationalism and brotherhood among the Indian

citizen.

5. Integrity :- Constitution makes unity for strength

and connect to each others.

Chapter - 2

(Understanding Seclarism)

Q.- fill in the blanks.

1. theocratic state

2. preamble

3. history and culture

4. freedom of religion

Q.- True or false

1. True

2. False

3. False

4. False

Q.1- How is the practice of secularism in USA different

from the practice of Indian secularism.

Ans.- In the USA, state will not intervene in affairs of the

religion and religion will not interfere in the affairs

of the state. but in India, State can intervene in

religious affairs.

Q.2- What affirmative action does the Indian state take to

promote freedom of religion?

Ans.- In the fundamental right article 25 to 29 give the

guarantee to freedom of religion.

Q.3- What does our constitution promote communal

harmony?

Ans.- Our constitution promotes the communal harmony

by belief that all religion are equal before law.

Q.4- How does the Indian constitution promote

secularism? Cite three instances.

Ans.- (1) All religions are equal before law

(2) The Indian state does not have an official religion

(3) Respect the sentiments and freedom of all

religions

Q.5- Name at least one country where secularism is

compulsory.

Ans.- India, USA and UK

Q.6- What is secularism?

Ans.- Secularism means separation of religion from the

state.

Q.7- List the different festivals on which holidays are

declared in your schools?

Ans.- 1. Diwali or Deepawali

2. Holi

3. Eid-ul-fitar

4. Christmas

5. Rakshabandhan

6. Onam

7. Baisakhi

8. Independence day

9. Republican day

10. Mahatma Gandhi jayanti

Q.8- Why is the question of secularism not one of

sentiment but of law in India?

Ans.- The secular objective of the state has been

specifically expressed by inserting the word ‘secular’

in the preamble. It means freedom of religion is the

fundamental rights of all citizens not only one.

Q.9- How is the different from a theocratic state?

Ans.- In a theocratic state a a particular religion is given

priority over other religions. countries like Pakistan

and Iran are Islamic republics, where Islam is given

precedence but other religions also coexist. The

Vatican city is also an example of a theocratic state.

Chapter - 3

(Why Do We Need a Parlament)

Q.- Tick the correct answer.

1. Majority

2. legacy of the India’s freedom

3. franchise or suffrage

4. the highest number of votes

5. three sessions

Q.2- State true or false

1. True

2. False

3. True

4. False

5. True

Q.1- What do the words in the preamble “we, the people

of India” mean?

Ans.- It means that People of India govern country

ourselves.

Q.2- When did India adopt the universal adult franchise?

Ans.- Since 1951

Q.3- Why is it said that people are sovereign?

Ans.- Because people have a right to vote a government

into power and also vote a government out of power.

Q.4- Who is the leader of the House in lok sabha?

Ans.- Prime minister

Q.5- Who is the leader of the opposition?

Ans.- second, highest vote achiever party choose their

opposition leader.

Q.6- What is universal adult franchise?

Ans.- Universal adult franchise gives the right to vote to

every Indian who is 18 years or above.

Q.7- What is the bicameral system?

Ans.- Bicameral system of parliament provides two house

of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.

Q.8- How are the Rajya Sabha member elected?

Ans.- The representatives of a state are elected the Rajya

Sabha members by single transferable vote and 12

members are nominated by president.

Q.9- Who becomes the leader of the House?

Ans.- The majority party elected their leader as becomes

prime minister.

Q.10- Describe the legislative functions of the parliament?

Ans.- Legislative functions of parliament:-

1- Monitoring the expenditure of public funds :-

Parliament control all finance activity of Executives,

prepare annual budget and impose the taxes.

2- Power to amend the constitution :- The parliament

has power to pass the bill and amend the constitution.

3- Judicial function :- The parliament can be impeach

to president, vice president, high court judge and

other high federal officer.

4- Electoral function :- The parliament participates in

the election of the president and vice president.

Chapter - 4

(Understanding Law)

Ans.- Fill In the Blank.

1. Law

2. Parliament

3. Enacted

4. Article 14

Ans.- 1. True

2. True

3. True

4. True

Q.1- Give one reason why law is needed?

Ans.- Law is needed for preventing unjust and crime.

Q.2- How did word ‘Law’ originated?

Ans.- The word Law was originated from Latin word ‘leg’.

Q.3- What is anarchy?

Ans.- If there were no law and chaos and confusion

everywhere, that is anarchy.

Q.4- Why are law important?

Or

Why do we need laws?

Ans.- Law is important for ;

1. prevent unjust and crime

2. To avoid any kind of chaos and confusion

Q.5- How are the new law formed in India?

Ans.- The Law formed in India in four steps :

1. First, a bill is introduced in the parliament.

2. Second, the bill is passed by the parliament.

3. Third, The bill, after getting passed by the

parliament is sent to the president for his

acceptance.

4. Fourth, when bill is adopted in the parliament, it

becomes an act and after acceptance of president it

becomes law.

Chapter - 5

(The Judiciary)

Q.1- What is the judiciary composed of?

Ans.- The Judiciary composed of Courts, Judges and

Justice.

Q.2- Into how many levels is the Judiciary divided?

Ans.- 1. Supreme Court

2. High Courts

3. Subordinate Courts

Q.3- What are Nyay panchayat?

Ans.- Small, low scale courts which provide fast justice to

villagers are called Nyay panchayat.

Q.4- How are the judges of the Supreme Court appointed?

Ans.- 1. Be a citizen of India

2. Be an advocate at a high court for at least 10

years.

3. Be an judge of High court for at least 5 years

Q.5- What are the powers and functions of the High

Court?

Ans.- 1. It approves a death sentence awarded by a

sessions judge

2. It supervises the activities of the lower records.

Q.6- With what objectives were Lok Adalat set up?

Ans.- Lok adalat set up for giving fast descions and saving

money.

Q.7- ‘PIL is a weapon for the poor’. Explain?

Ans.- Public Interest Litigation (PIL) was set up in 1980 by

Supreme Court for ensure justice for poor people.

Q.8- What is the difference between civil law and criminal

Law?

Ans.- page no. 257

Q.9- Why do we need a judiciary?

Ans.- We need Judiciary for

1. Settling the disputes

2. Interpretation of the laws

3. Protecting our fundamental rights

4. Establishing the rule of law

5. Advisory jurisdiction

Chapter - 6

(Understanding our Criminal Justice Sysem)

Q.1- Who is public prosecutor?

Ans.- A public prosecutor the offender who violates the

laws.

Q.2- Who heads the police administration in a state?

Ans.- Director General of police

Q.3- What is a First information report (FIR)?

Ans.- FIR is written document filed by the victim in police

station.

Q.4- Who is responsible for the defense of the accused?

Ans.- Defense lawyer is responsible for the defense of the

accused.

Q.5- What do you understand by fair trial?

Ans.- Fair trial is a opportunity to accused for defending

himself or herself in court.

Q.6- Describe the procedure to file an FIR.

Ans.- First information report (FIR) is filed by the victim

or victim’s family. FIR is a written document

prepared by the police which they mention the date,

time, place and detail of the offence including a

description of the event. Police hand over that report

with accused to the court and court decides that

accused is guilty or innocent.

Chapter - 9

(Public Facilities)

Q.1- What is meant by public facility?

Ans.- Facility for each and everyone are called public

facility.

Q.2- Who is responsible for providing public facilities to

the people?

Ans.- Government

Q.3- Why do large numbers of people die in India?

Ans.- Due to non-availability of safe water for drinking

Q.4- Why does the Government provide for public

facilities?

Ans.- Government provide facilities to public for making

their life more comfortable and make them

productive.

Q.5- Is water a fundamental Right?

Ans.- Water is a fundamental Right as a part of Right to

life under article 21.

Q.6- What do you know of the rapid transit system in

India?

Ans.- Rapid transit in India consists of metro and monorail

system. In 1984, Kolkata metro first time started

rapid transit in India.

Q.7- Why has the Transport system made rapid progress

in India of late?

Ans.- Transport in India is an important part of the nation’s

economy. Since 1990s, development of infrastructure

within the country has progressed at a rapid pace,

and today there is a wide variety of modes of

transport by land water and air. However, accesses to

these facilities are not consistent and uniform across

the country.

Chapter - 10

(Law and Social Justice)

Q.1- On what is the principle of social justice founded?

Ans.- On the principle of human right and equality

Q.2- When is the minimum wage revised?

Ans.- Twice a year

Q.3- What is the age group of children who are covered by

the Right to Education Act?

Ans.- 6-14 years age group

Q.4- What do the many government schemes and policies

aim to achieve?

Ans.- Many government schemes and policies aim to

achieve equality of opportunity to ensure social

justice.

Q.5- Mention some places where children cannot be

employed?

Ans.- Children cannot be employed in:

1. Transport sector

2. Railway station

3. Firework industries

4. Plastic or fiberglass workshop

5. Automobile and garages

Q.6- Why is labor easily available in India?

Ans.- India has a high rate of population growth as well as

unemployment. So labor is very easily available in

India. There are many sectors, where unskilled

worker are required but that sectors are often very

risky and they ignore all safety issues for earning

profit. If laborers injured an accident, so contractor

replaced them to others easily.