THE CAMPAIGNFOR

REFORMS

The Reform

Movement

The Role of the Middle

Class

The Nature of the

Reform Movement

LaSolidaridad

The Hispano-Filipino

Association

The Role of Masonry

The Great Reformists

La Liga Filipina

The Failure of the Reform Movement

The Reform Movement

The unjust execution of the 3 Filipino martyr priests : Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.

Led to a new era : THE REFORM MOVEMENT

Began in 1882 and lasted up to the early months of 1896, when the important Filipino reformists died.

The Role of the Middle Class

• Middle class – Spanish and Chinese mestizos and the insulares

• 3 social classes of Spanish perod:• 1. peninsulares – Spaniards born in spain• 2. Insulares – Spaniards born in the Philippines• 3. Indios – natives or indigenous people

• 1869- Gen. Carlos Maria de la Torre a very down to earth person became governor who they saw as an ally

• July 12,1869- they marched and serenade him

• 1872-1882 – the Filipino inteligenstia (a segment of middle class) took over the leadership from the wealthy sector

The Nature of the Reform Movement

The movement has no clamor for independence it only aims for the assimilation of the Philippines to Spain (to make the Philippines a province of Spain) so that the Filipinos:

• would become Spanish citizens• would be represented in the Spanish Cortes to be

able to participate in the making of laws that may benefit the country.

• And that goal has to be attained by peaceful means—using the power of words.

Spanish CitizensThey would enjoy all rights and privilegesOf Spanish Citizens.

They would also be obliged to discharge The duties of Spanish citizens.

The Filipinos could not be treated cruelly byThe friars and the Spanish civil authorities.

Great FilipinoReformists

Graciano Lopez

Jaena

Graciano Lopez JaenaGraciano Lopez Jaena – born in Jaro Ilo-ilo, on December 17,1856 son of Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo Jaena

Studied at Seminary of Jaro and Enrolled in medicine at University of Valencia

HE WAS THE GREAT ORATOR

Author of a Fray Botod – a tale that deals with the ignorance, abuses and immorality of a

certain friar named Botod (the average friar of the period)

1880- he secretly left for Spain because he found himself object to manhunt

1882- he delivered a speech during the International Congress of Industrial Geography

in defense of the FilipinosFebruary 15, 1889 became an Editor at the first

circulation of La SolidaridadJanuary 20 1896 – He died of tuberculosis

Marcelo H.

del Pilar

Marcelo H. del PilarBorn in Barrio Kupang, Bulakan,on August 30, 1850 son of Julian H. Del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaitan

Studied at College of San Jose and at University of Sto. Tomas where he finished his law course in 1880the political analyst of the Filipino colony in Spain

1880-he began to campaign at the plazas , cockpits, and small tiendas preaching the gospel of work, self respect and dignity1882 – founded Diariong Tagalog

1888- he wrote the pamphlet "Kaiigat Kayo" in defense of Rizal and his Noli Me Tangere which is then attacked savagely by Fr. Rodriguez Pamphlet ``Caiingat Cayo” using the pen name Dolores Manapat. He also wrote some parodies namely; “Dasalan at Toksohan”, “Amain Namin” and the Ten Commandments of the Friars

October 1888 – he left for Spain

December 1889 – took over the editorship of La Solidaridad

July 4, 1896 – he died

Dr. Jose Rizal

Dr. Jose RizalBorn in Calamba Laguna on June 9 1861 to Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo.Wrote the poem “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” at the age of eight

Enrolled at Ateneo Municipal and at a time at University of Sto. Tomas

1882- he left for Spain at the age of 21Enrolled at medicine and gain knowledges on other curriculum and mastered languages like French and German

He finished Noli Me Tangere at the age of 26 which gained popularity but the Spanish authorities prohibited its reading

1889 - He publishes La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez , a satire in which he exposed the ignorance of Fr. Jose Rodriguez who was then attacking his novel by issuing the pamphlet “Caingat Cayo” which warned the Filipinos against reading the Noli

1891-he finished El FilibusterismoHe returned to the Philippines in 1887 and in 1892 for the second time

July 7, 1892 – his banishment to Dapitan was announced officially

He was placed under arrest before the ship could dock in Barcelona in his way to Cuba where he enlisted as a Military Doctor and was sentenced to die by musketry

December 30, 1896 he was shot to death

La SolidaridadA news paper that rises as an answer

to the needs of bringing to the attention of the Peninsular Spaniards the so-called Philippine problem

February 15, 1889 – the first number came out in Barcelona with Lopez Jaena as Editor

December 1889 – M. H. del Pilar took over the editorship

To fight reaction

To stop all steps tending To make the Philippines aBackward country.

To extol liberal ideas

To defend progress

Aims of La Solidaridad

Pen Names used by the Reformists

Rizal- Dimas Alang and Laong Laan

Mariano Ponce-tikbalang,Naning and Kalipulako

M.H. del Pilar as Plaridel

Jose Ma. Panganiban as Jomapa

The Hispano-Filipino Association

The Hispano-Filipino AssociationJanuary 12, 1889 An association composed of Spaniards

and Filipinos who favored in granting the reform in the colony.

Their campaigns resulted in the passage of law in the Cortes which would have been of benefit to the Filipino if it had been carried out

1893 – the society secure the passage of Maura Law, a law for the compulsory teaching of Spanish and initiation of reforms in the judiciary

It has 3 Sections of the Society

Masonry and its Role

Masonry1890- the lodgeLa Solidaridad was established in Madrid

Pedro Serrano Laktaw and Antonio Luna established Masonic Lodges in the Philippines:

Nilad- was established on January 6, 1891 Walana

And some other 33 lodges.It became the focus of propaganda activities and became responsible in the maintenance of unity it also served as a pattern for the methods and organization of the Katipunan because Andress Bonifacio was a Mason

April 1 1889- G. Lopez Jaena established the Masonic lodge revolucion in Barcelona

1. To work for freedom and prosperity of the Philippines.

2. To work for good government.

3. To ask for representation to the Spanish Cortes.

4. To make the Philippines a province of Spain.

AIMS

La Liga Filipina

LA LIGA FILIPINAJuly 3,1892 – Rizal and a group of patriotic Filipinos

,including Andres Bonifacio founded La Liga Filipina.

1. To unite the whole archipelago into one strong body.

2.. Mutual protection of all members inCase of necessity.

3. The encouragement of Agriculture,commerce and education

4. Defense against any kind of violence and Injustice; and5. Study and application of reforms.

AIMS

1. A member or his son without financial means but withEnough ability and industry shall be supported

2. The poor shall be supported against the rich and powerful.

3. Any member who suffered losses shall be given financial help.

4. Stores and shops shall be opened which would sell goodsTo members at low prices.

5. Machines shall be introduced in order to promote industries.

PURPOSES

The Failure of the Reform Movement

FAILED?

Spanish High officials in Spain wereToo busy with their own problems

To listen to the collective voiceOf the reformists.

The reformists in Spain and in the

Philippines did not have the necessary

financial means with which to make their

campaign effective.

The reformists themselves were

Not united.

The friars in the Philippines hadInfluential friends and supporters

In Spain.

THANK YOU

and GOD BLESS