Carbon Emission Reduction in Rural China

What we have done with the carbon revenue in rural southwest China?

我们用碳收益在西南农村做了什么？

Green Drinks * Shanghai * 2015-5-21

Green Drinks Shanghai -‐ 2015/5/21

How global warming happens?

Some energy is radiated back into space by the earth in the form of infrared waves.

Solar radiaAon is absorbed by the earth and warms it.

Some of this outgoing infrared radiaAon is trapped by the earth’s atmosphere and warms it.

More GHG are emiFed and makes the atmosphere thicker.

More infrared radiaAon is trapped and causes global warming.

Governmental and Intergovernmental Ac9on and evolvement • United NaAons Framework ConvenAon on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

•  Kyoto Protocol (2005-‐2012), “Common but differenAated responsibiliAes”

•  'cap and trade‘, CDM Industrialized country with an emissions cap

Baseline em

issions

Baseline

Developing country with no emissions cap

Emission Reductions (ERs)

Project em

issions Project

Emissions target

ER

Purchase of ERs

Domestic action

Carbon trade

$

Carbon Market and price

• Mandatory market •  CDM •  Price collapsed

• Voluntary Market

• Gold Standard (GS), Voluntary Carbon Standard (VCS)… •  Price has dropped also

• China domesAc market •  7 provinces/ciAes pilots. BJ, SH, TJ, GD, SZ… • NaAonal market will be launched in 2016

2008 2012

What are the issues and how we have acted? 什么问题？如何解决？

Impact of Climate Change 气候变化带来的影响

• Drought in 2010 云南干旱

• Crop yield reducAon or even die out

农作物减产甚至绝收

• Biodiversity reducAon 生物多样性降低

•  Erosion and geologic disaster

水土流失与地质灾害


Local needs 当地农村的需求

Considerable consumpAon of biomass

薪柴燃煤消耗量巨大

Wood collecAng: Ame-‐consuming, labor-‐intense 收集薪柴耗时长，需要大量劳力

Coal expense: big burden 燃煤支出是家庭的承重负担

TradiAonal stove cooking: Ame-‐consuming

传统炉灶烹调需时长

Indoor air polluAon, cause respiratory disease

室内烟尘污染、引发疾病

Local needs 当地农村的需求

• Manure management problem 人畜粪便管理问题

•  Bad hygiene condiAon 环境卫生状况差

•  Release methane, GHG effect

排放甲烷，温室效应

•  Pollute water source, causes diarrhea

污染水源、引发疾病


We do biogas 我们开展了沼气项目


We do biogas 我们开展了沼气项目


We do improved cook stove 我们开展了节柴灶项目


We do afforesta9on 我们开展了造林项目


What carbon brings? 碳究竟为我们带来了什么？

Carbon credits 减排量产出

• Household Biogas: 3.4 tCO2e/year/hh 户用沼气：3.4 tCO2e/年/户

•  Improved cook stove : 3.6 tCO2e/year/hh

户用节柴灶：3.6 tCO2e/年/户

• AfforestaAon: 13 tCO2e/30 years/Mu

造林：13t/30年/亩


37,049

22,510

56,129

35,636

151,324

-‐ 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000

ZT BGT

Guizhou BGT

Longjie WSS

Yunnan forest

Total

Total n. of VERs 总减排量

Accurate use evalua9on 更精确的使用情况评估

• Android survey安卓电子化户用调查系统 •  Less survey Ame, no data input, reduce error 耗时短、无需录入、减少差错

•  Faster data submission 及时了解数据

•  No more paper quesAonnaire, low carbon 不再打印问卷、低碳


Maintenance is not a armchair strategy 维护不再是纸上谈兵

No exisAng profitable model 没有成功的盈利模式

Carbon survey to get usage info

减排入户调查获得使用率

Analyze data to get intervenAon site

分析数据决定维修地区

Send technician to fix

专职技工上门维修

Fixing results reflect in the database

维修结果录入数据库

What is the result? 效果如何？


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2012/7

2012/9

2012/11

2013/1

2013/3

2013/5

2013/7

2013/9

2013/11

2014/1

2014/3

2014/5

2014/7

2014/9

2014/11

2015/1

2015/3

2015/5

AXIS TITLE

Number of visits 调查数

ZT 昭通

WN 威宁

DZ 丹寨

ZT 昭通 WN 威宁 DZ 丹寨 Total总 Manure 管理 2 0 5 7

Tank body 池体 4 0 0 4

Fiqngs 配件 3 0 4 7

No intervenAon 没有维修 9 0 3 12

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

AXIS TITLE

2015.04 Repairs by region and type 维修/类型/地区


ERs and use rate 减排量与运行率


180

680 1200 1449

591

3218 4622 4893

91% 92%

88% 77%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2010 Y1 2011 Y2 2012 Y3 2013 Y4

Zhaoyang Biogas昭通沼气项目

沼⽓气数量

减排量

运⾏行率

ER

Use rate

Nb. of BGT


Sustainable development indicators 可持续发展指标

e.g. Mangshi biogas project 以芒市沼气项目为例


0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Baseline

Year 1

Year 2

Somke in the

kitchen

Very osen Osen

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Baseline

Year 1

Year 2

Caugh

Very osen Osen

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Baseline

Year 1

Year 2

Eye effecAon

Very osen Osen

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Cement floor Manure ditch Pen Roof

Pigsty

Baseline

Year 1

Year 2

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

Baseline Year 1 Year 2

Toilet

Mean toilet hygiene score

Toilet raAo (%)

What we can offer? 我们能提供什么？

•  High quality Gold Standard Volunteer Emission ReducAons (GS-‐VERs) to offset your emissions. It reaches your carbon neutral coal.

提供高质量黄金标准认证碳减排量用来抵消你的排放量，达到“碳中

和”的目标

•  Deep involvement of the project to witness the real benefits to farmers which are supported by you.

更深刻的融入到项目当中，见证带给农户的正真效益

•  ParAcipate in the process that disseminates the innovaAve project model of carbon financed maintenance.

参与到推广“碳收益支持维护”的创新性项目模式当中去


Can this model be supported and replicated? 可以复制这样的项目模式么？

• Guizhou biogas project has been sold (up-‐front selling) 贵州项目成功交易（预售减排量）14欧元/吨

• Other projects need to be supported, but the market is not acAve

其他项目需要支持，但市场低迷

•  Should charity projects take the consequence of the recession?

慈善项目应该承担市场低迷带来的后果么？

• Can CCER project use the similar model?

CCER项目可以用类似的模式吗？


TANG Jihua 唐继华 Carbon finance officer 碳金融项目官员

+86 15687066795 Skype: kobe8tang

IniAaAve Développement – China 法国发起发展组织 Room 25C, Building 1, Mingchang mansion. No. 32, Middle Renmin Rd., Kunming, Yunnan, China.

云南省昆明市人民中路32号明昌大厦1号楼25楼C室邮编：650021 +86 (0)871 63181557

hFp://www.id-‐ong.org/en/china

Education

Carbon Emission Reduction in Rural China