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This guide was compiled and produced by The CarbonNeutral Company. The CarbonNeutral Company works with hundreds of companies around the world to deliver business value from their carbon management strategies. For information on how The CarbonNeutral Company can help your business, email [email protected], telephone +44 (0)20 7833 6000 or visit www.carbonneutral.com.
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10 E. 40th Street, Suite 3110 New York, NY 10016 T: 1 646 367 5800 Ca
rbon
R
educ
tion
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deA guide to reducing your business’ greenhouse gas emissions – helping you to save energy, reduce costs and improve the profile of your company
carbonneutral.com
Carbon reduction as part of a carbon management strategy
carbonneutral.com
3 Carbon reduction as part of a carbon management strategy
4 The benefits of measuring and reducing your carbon footprint
5 How to measure your carbon footprint
6 Setting carbon reduction targets
7 Reducing your carbon emissions
8 Energy and water efficiency
11 Waste management and recycling
12 Business travel
14 Staff commuting
15 Printing
16 IT equipment
18 Data centre/server room
19 Supply chain
20 The role of carbon offsetting
21 Using CarbonNeutral® certification
21 About The CarbonNeutral Company
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Many businesses realise the environmental and commercial benefits of developing programmes to reduce their carbon emissions. This guide provides practical advice on carbon reduction, the third in a series of five steps to build a successful carbon management strategy:
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The benefits of measuring and reducing your carbon footprint
carbonneutral.com
Carbon Reduction Guide
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How to measure your carbon footprint
There are many advantages to your business in measuring and reducing your carbon footprint, including differentiating your service from competitors, reducing costs associated with energy and resource use, engaging your staff, and retaining and winning new customers by meeting growing demand for low carbon products and services.
Research from The Carbon Trust shows: • Customers are increasingly
loyal to brands seen as actively taking steps to reduce their carbon footprint.
• Demand for low carbon products and services is increasing.
• An effective carbon measurement programme enables you to identify areas within your business where you can easily increase efficiency to reduce costs.
• A strong environmental strategy will motivate your staff to take action on climate change and consider their own resource use within the workplace.
Growing a business and cutting costs The CarbonNeutral Company’s client Commercial Group used a combination of internal efficiency measures and carbon offsets to reduce its overall carbon footprint by 59%, delivering over £100,000 of cost savings, and have reported winning over £4 million of new business as a direct result of its green credentials.
Figure 1: WRI/WBCSD reporting scopes
Your carbon footprint includes the total sum of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the business. For purposes of consistency when calculating a carbon footprint, all GHGs are measured in tCO2e (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent). Your emissions are classified in to scopes 1, 2 and 3 emissions (see Figure 1).
For accuracy and simplicity, The CarbonNeutral Company recommends appointing an independent third party organisation to conduct your greenhouse gas assessment and determine your carbon footprint.
To find out more about our recommended assessment partners visit carbonneutral.com/about-us/who-we-work-with/greenhouse-gas-assessment-partners or telephone +44 (0)20 7833 6000.
The CarbonNeutral Company has also produced a guide called Carbon Management – A Guide to Measuring Your Business’ Greenhouse Gas Emissions to assist you in the process of determining your carbon footprint. To receive your copy email [email protected] or telephone +44 (0)20 7833 6000.
4 5
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Commercial Group’s carbon offsets have
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Turning off office lights can save
Reporting companyUpstream activites Downstream activites
Scope 3INDIRECT
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Use of soldproducts End-of-life
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CO2 CH4 SF6N2O HFCs PFCs
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halveSetting carbon reduction targets
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Once you have determined your footprint you can set specific carbon reduction targets that will reduce costs for your organisation, as well as realise the benefits of a strong carbon reduction message
Once a carbon footprint reduction target has been agreed, a reduction plan should be devised and implemented to ensure your business achieves its targets and realises the many benefits of an effective carbon management strategy
Reducing your carbon emissions
There is no “one-size fits all” formula for setting reduction targets, and your goals will depend on a number of factors. We recommend considering the following factors:
Look at your competitors Have they committed to specific reduction targets? How can you exceed their commitments to establish a competitive advantage?
Consider your customers Have your customers or stakeholders asked for specific targets to be met? What level of reduction would your business need to achieve in order to create a strong and positive message for your customers, staff and investors?
Think of the environment According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is comprised of the world’s leading scientific experts in the field of climate change, greenhouse emissions need to be cut by at least 80% by 2050 against a baseline of 1990 levels, in order to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.
In order to realise the benefits of a credible carbon management programme and reduce the impact of your business on the environment, it is important to set ambitious and meaningful targets over a specific time frame. Due to the nature of your business it may be impossible or cost-prohibitive for your company to reduce your emissions by a meaningful amount. In these instances The CarbonNeutral Company recommends a combination of internal reductions and carbon offsets so your business can cost-effectively meet significant targets, delivering value to your business as well as reducing your impact on the environment. Many carbon offset projects include community, biodiversity and animal conservation benefits that provide a positive association for your business.
For more information on the various types of carbon offset projects visit carbonneutral.com/carbon-offsets.
Your reduction plan should be reviewed regularly to assess progress against targets, measure emissions, and consider future opportunities for further reductions.
To achieve an ambitious carbon reduction target that is beneficial to your business, The CarbonNeutral Company recommends a combination of internal efficiency measures as well as supporting external carbon offset projects. The combination enables your organisation to meet its carbon reduction commitments, take leadership in reducing climate change, differentiate from competitors, and engage your customers and clients.
The majority of your business’ carbon emissions will be produced from energy, waste, business travel and commuting.
In order to prioritise the reduction activities you will need to consider establishing evaluation criteria, which might include:
• Net Return on Investment.• Type of costs (fixed vs. variable
running costs).• Additional benefits to the
company, the environment and the community.
• Time to implement.• Contribution to core business.
6 7
donating a computer to charity could
Lapt
ops
use
its environmental footprint
energy than old desktop computers
Hints and tips to reduce carbon emissions
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The following tables are full of initiatives to help you reduce your carbon emissions, save money, engage staff and build a sustainable business
Save CO2 Reduce costs Engage staff
8 9
Reduce emissions through energy and water efficiency
Reduce emissions through energy and water efficiency (cont.)
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Monitor your energy consumption Energy usage can be monitored by type (for example, lighting, air conditioning etc) by recording electricity use on main electrical circuits or by installing intelligent meters so that trends and peaks can be viewed.
Set targets for your total electricity usage
A good benchmark is 150 kWhs/M2 per year, but this will depend on the nature of your business. Setting a stretching target will lead to greater reductions and costsavings for your business.
Engage staff to reach your energy Consider including energy performance targets within managers’ performance assessment, and implementing an employee awareness scheme.
Continuously involve all members of staff in the activity and include it within your staff induction process. Ensure you communicate the results to build furtherawareness and engagement.
First year cost savings of up to 20% are achievable.
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Stop losing heat through your roof 25% of a building’s heat can escape from an uninsulated roof. Research potential grants and discounts or speak to yourlandlord about their plans for this.
Find out how much energy is used via heating, cooling and air conditioning systems
If you are in rented premises then ask your landlord or facilities management company to conduct an audit. Or if you own your premises then appoint an approved facilities management company to conduct this.
Improving
of your systems will save energy use and reduce your electricity bills.
Set the heating or air conditioning temperature at the recommended industry level of 23°C
Speak to your facilities management company or appoint one member of staff to set the temperature at this level. Heatingcosts will increase by around 8% each time the temperature is increased by just 1°C.
Keep windows and doors closed when the heating or air conditioning is operating
If you do not have a Facilities Manager then appoint a ‘Green Champion’ to oversee that this happens.
Regularly maintain your boiler Do this every 12 months to increase effectiveness and reduce fuel consumption.
Routinely clean all heating surfaces and on fan heaters will reduce output, result in excessive preheat periods and may encourage people to use additional portable electric heaters.
Ensure that your radiators are working effectively
50% of heat from old radiators is emitted from the back and is usually wasted.
radiators for cost effective insulation.
Utilise the space around your radiators Obstructing a radiator with furniture means it will need to work harder to heat the room.
Ensure hot equipment, like printers and photocopiers, is not nearcooling vents
The cooling system will need to work harder to cool an area that is constantly being
equipment according to your heating and cooling systems.
Fill the kettle with only as much water as you need programme or purchase an eco kettle
which will heat one cup of water at a time in a few seconds.
Based on atypical eight hour day in
will save 1kg of CO2.
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10 11Reduce emissions through waste management and recyclingReduce emissions through energy and water efficiency (cont.)
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Turn off vending machines overnight Consider installing an eco button which will completely power down the equipment.
Based on one drinks vendingmachine turned off for 6 hours, you will save 1kg of CO2.
Install occupancy and daylight sensors, or at the very least ensure all lights are turned off at the end of a working day.Reduce the number of rows of lights
Save lightingcosts up to 30%.
Switch off the lights in the bathroom area when not in use
Consider including this initiative in an
staff awareness.
Based on four 100W light bulbsbeing on for 2.5 hours, instead of7.5 hours, you will save 1kg of CO2.
Replace standard desk lamp bulbs with energy saving bulbs
Consider including this initiative in an
staff awareness.
Based on a
week you will save 1kg of CO2 per lamp.
Clean lamps and lighting regularly effective light output by as much as 50%.
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Set up a recycling programme Start with measuring the amount of waste and ask your waste management company what happens to your rubbish. Then establish a workable system where your staff can recycle their waste and compost food matter. Set reduction targets and monitor the effectiveness of your recycling programme.
Take away desk bins and establish recycling points
Encourage your staff to recycle as much as possible and label the bins
be recycled apart from items such as crisp papers, sweet papers, some
the effectiveness of your recycling and communicate achievements to your staff.
Improving
of your systems will save energy use and reduce your electricity bills.
Monitor the amount of waste You will only know if your programme is effective by monitoring the amount of waste and communicating this.
Recycle all paper Ensure that all paper is recycled Recycling 180 sheets of paperinstead of sendingthem to
save 1kg of CO2.
Re-use shredded paper as packaging material
Styrofoam pellets can be toxic and a huge pollution problem, especially in the ocean. Shredded paper is recyclable, making it a far more eco-friendly packaging material.
cartridges and toners
Contact your local authority or consumables supplier to see if they have this system
than purchasing new cartridges and is equally effective.
Re-use your cup or glass instead of using individual plastic cups
Encourage staff to have their own cups
use. This will also reduce the amount of
Reduce the amount of junk mail and unwanted faxes your company receives
Take advantage of junk mail opt out systems such as the UK’s Royal Mail opt out service and the Fax Preference Service.
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12 13Reduce emissions from your business travel (cont.)Reduce emissions from your business travel
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Combine meetings to reduce Plan trips wisely, try to plan back-to-back
furthest destination and then work your wayback home.
Where appropriate, use video conferencing technology to reducetransport requirements
Install a webcam on your computer, use VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) technologies, or investigate hiring orpurchasing video conferencing equipment. Video conferencing technology can reduce time lost through travelling and save money on transport costs longer term.
Instead oftravelling by taxi for 10km (6 miles)a 3 hour videoconference will save 1kg of CO2.
Plan your route in advance Using online route planners can help you reduce your journey time and the distance you travel.
Travel by train rather than plane for short-haul journeys
Assess the time, cost and environmental impact between different modes of transport.
Depending on thedistance travelled,travelling by train instead of planereduces emissionsbetween 70 and 90%.
Fly economy rather than premium This makes better use of available space than premium economy to reduce emissions per passenger. If it is necessary
to offset the emissions from your journey. This is a simple, effective and affordable way to minimise the impact of your travel.
You will save 6.8 tonnes of CO2 per 10 returnlong-haulinternational
Fly premium economy rather than This makes better use of available space than business class to reduce emissions
then many airlines offer the option to offset the emissions from your journey. This is a simple, effective and affordable way to minimise the impact of your travel.
You will save 14.8 tonnes of CO2 per 10 returnlong-haulinternational
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
out your CO2travelling time and are more convenient, as well as reducing emissions. Many airlines offer the option to offset the emissions from your journey as a simple, effective and affordable way to minimise the impactof your travel.
Take public transport to get around at your destination
In many cities taking the metro can be
Reduce the CO2 emissions produced by your taxi journeys
Google ‘carbon neutral taxi’ or ‘carbon
taxi companies, or offset the emissionsof your journeys. Ask your designated taxi company if they enable you to offset the impact of your travel.
Based on a 4km (2.5 miles) trip you will save 1kg of CO2.
Choose environmentally friendly or carbon neutral hotels, or offset your hotel night stays
Ask you travel agent or use the internet to search for ‘carbon neutral hotels’ or ‘green hotels’. Most hotels provide in-room advice to help you reduce energy and waste.
Recycling 180 sheets of paperinstead of sendingthem to
save 1kg of CO2.
Establish a company car eco scheme Company cars represent 10% of the cars on the road, and due to the high mileage travelling to and from business meetingsthey use a lot of fuel and produce CO2. If you purchase company cars consider low emission vehicles. If this is not
offset emissions from your company vehicles as a cost effective way to minimise their impact on the environment.
Combine your deliveries Make a combined trip to your customers rather than separate trips. You can also reduce the carbon impact of your deliveriesby using CarbonNeutral® delivery services from companies such as UPSwww.ups.com/content/gb/en/bussol/browse/carbon_neutral.html
One combinedtrip to twocustomers rather than two separatetrips based on a distance of 8km (4.9 miles) willsave 1kg of CO2.
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14 15Reduce emissions from printingReduce emissions from staff commuting
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
If staff need to drive, encourage them to car pool with colleagues for the journey to and from work instead of taking individual cars
Establish a list of where people live and encourage them to set up a car pool club.
Based on a 5km (3 miles) returncommute you will save 1kg of CO2.
Employees save money by splittingfuel costs and parking fees.
Encourage cycling by providing employees with a secure spaceto park their bikes and offer changing facilities
Talk to your landlord or letting agent to see if this is possible and what the cost implications are. Your staff will save money through cycling instead of driving or using public transport.
Based on a 5km (3 miles) drive,cycling will save 1kg of CO2.
Based on a 17km (10.5 miles) trainjourney cycling willsave 1kg of CO2.
For journeys of 2km (1.2 miles) or less encourage staff to walk or cycle instead of driving
Walking briskly on a regular basis is good for the heart and lungs, helps burn calories and is a simple way to a healthier active life.
Based on a 2km (1.2 miles)commute, walkingwill save 86kg of CO2.
Walking onemile trips could save £160/€185/US$255 each year in fuel.
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Try to use less paper and ink Avoid printing documents that could just as easily be read onscreen, emailed, or put on a notice board. Change your default printer settings to automatically print double-sided.
Printing 2,000 one hundredpage documentsdouble-sided,instead of single sided, will save 100kg of CO2.
Use misprints as notepaper Mistakes happen and sometimes we can print more than is needed. Gather any
A4 or A5 notepaper.
to ‘low power mode’ rather than‘ready mode’ when not printing
Change the printing settings on your printer.
the handbook or contact the manufacturer.
Based on the averageperformancestandards of a UK laser printer, inone day you will save 1kg of CO2.
Consider using more energy best options for your business based on frequency of printing and your budget.Dot matrix and impact printers use 80 to 90% less energy, while providing good speed and adequate quality for manyapplications. Black-and-white inkjet printers use 95% less energy and are nearly equal to laser printers in terms of quality. Colourinkjet printers do not offer substantial energy savings over colour laser printers.
Recycling 180 sheets of paperinstead of sendingthem to
save 1kg of CO2.
For small print runs, print digitally Setting up a digital print run will waste
whereas offset printers waste about 500 sheets per run.
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16 17Reduce emissions from IT equipment (cont.)Reduce emissions from IT equipment
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
your current IT equipment. Then check with
and cost differences of changing to more
monitors can draw up to 55% less power than conventional CRT models, and energy
‘power down’ after a period of inactivity.
An energy
computer over afortnight can save 1kg of CO2.
Consider replacing ageing desktop computers with laptops instead
Talk to your IT supplier about the cost and
electricity and generate less heat waste.
Reassess your IT purchases – do you need to purchase larger monitors?
Bigger monitors use more power. A 14” colour monitor will use up to 50% more energy than a 10” colour monitor. Increasing resolution in a colour CRT increases power per square inch by about 22%.
Switch off IT appliances when not in usetheir monitor and computer off when out
at night. Install Nightwatchman software to shut down computers at a set time and restart them in the morning before staff arrive at work.
Based on 130 monitors switchedoff for 45 minutes you will save 1kg of CO2.
Switch off monitors at lunchtimeprogramme and engage staff to do this.
If 13 peopleswitched off their PC monitors for45 minutes you will save 1kg of CO2 in 10 days.
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Use fewer screen savers Changing your computers to hibernate mode will use just 1-2W compared to 60W when running a screen saver programme.
If 40 computersdid this for 1 hour per day over 250days you will save 218kg of CO2.
Activate computers’ ‘sleep’ or ‘quiet’ mode option so that when a machine is not being used, it will automatically switch from full power to sleep mode
Change power settings on your PC through the Control Panel and then in Panel Options Properties. This can reduce a computer’s energy use by as much as 70%.
What is the brightness of your computer monitors?
Make proper operating adjustments. A reduction of 10% in screen brightness can save 3W in power consumption without degrading the quality of the display.
Based on 40computers, a reduction of 10% in brightness, for 8 hours per daywill save 130.56kgof CO2 over 250 days.
Extend the life span of computers by donating them to charity
Typically a business desktop computer has a three or four year lifespan. Extend this by a further three years or 6,000 additionalhours of usage by donating it to charity. Charities work to ensure that the security of information is not jeopardised by recycling.Contact Computer Aid International for more information.
The environmentalfootprint will be halved.
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19Reduce emissions in your supply chainReduce emissions from your data centre/server room
18
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
resources, software, email applications, customer relationship management and information provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like electricity?
Investigate a shared model such as cloud computing. Use this in a hybrid manner
your internal data centre. Contact your IT supplier for information.
A CarbonDisclosure Projectreport foundcompanies could reduce emissionsup to 50% by moving their ITsystems to shared data networks.
Are you utilising your systems? Research shows that the majority of Windows based services are running at under 10% utilisation
Look at a virtualisation strategy to minimise hardware footprint and power requirements.
Replace the legacy installed base of servers with the latest generation hardware.
workload then legacy systems.
Reduce cooling costs within your data centre
Use water cooled servers such as IBM Aquasar.
Reduce CO2emissions by upto 80%.
Are you utilising your power systems in your server rack?
Replace old power suppliers with new
for information.
Manage the power cycling of desktops, services and peripherals during off-peak hours
Investigate solutions such as Citrix to help manage this.
Are you optimising the space in your server room?
Review the data centre layout design and consolidate for space savings.
What? How?Why?
Save CO2
Save money
Engage staff
Write or review your Procurement Policy to ensure that your suppliers are operating in an environmental and socially responsible manner
This should include questions such as: Does the company have an environmental/CSR policy? Does the company have targets and initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions produced from energy, water consumption, waste reduction or disposal,business travel and deliveries? Are the products Fair Trade? Does the company operate ethically? Is the welfare of the staffto an acceptable standard?
Join the UN Global Compact – commit to aligning your operations and strategies with 10 universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption
To become participants of the UN Global Compact scheme requires a letter from the CEO saying that your business complies with the ten principles, a donation according to the size of your company and a published CSR report.
Visit www.unglobalcompact.org for more information.
Source environmentally friendly and sustainable materials and suppliers Make an inventory of the environmental
equipment. Then check with your suppliers
of changing over old equipment to more
Buy 100% recycled paper Check the environmental credentials of your paper – is it 100% recycled, is it printed using vegetable inks, is it FSC
is it CarbonNeutral®?
Using one box ofrecycled paper asopposed to regular paper willsave 1 kg of CO2.
Choose Fair Trade coffee products Switch to Fair Trade, shade-grown coffee
waste and shade-grown coffee protects biodiversity in coffee-growing countries.
The role of carbon offsetting alongside internal reductions to reduce your carbon footprint
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2050
BY
Due to the high cost of some internal changes, many organisations decide to support carbon offset projects alongside their internal efficiency strategy to reduce and remove CO2 from the global atmosphere
CarbonNeutral® certification can be used to prove your commitment to the environment, establishing you above your competitors as a leader in reducing climate change, to help you win new business, retain existing customers, and motivate your staff
Using CarbonNeutral® certification to differentiate and establish your business as a market leader
According to the world’s leading scientists of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), carbon emissions must be reduced by 80% by 2050 against a baseline of 1990 levels to keep climate change below 2 degrees and avoid catastrophic changes to weather conditions and sea levels.
Carbon offsets are credits for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions made at another location, such as wind farms which create renewable energy and reduce the need for fossil-fuel powered energy, and are quantified and sold in metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO²e). Buying one tonne of carbon offsets means there will be one less tonne of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere than there would otherwise have been. This could be, for example, a project to swap coal-fired power stations with wind farms or hydro power. Carbon offsetting is often the fastest way to achieve the deepest carbon reductions for your business, and many projects deliver added benefits at the project site, such as employment opportunities, community development programmes, training and education.
For a carbon offset to be credible it must meet essential quality criteria, including proof that it is additional (the reduction in emissions would not have occurred without), that it will be retired from the carbon market so it cannot be double counted, and that it addresses issues such as permanence (it delivers the reductions it stated) and leakage (the emission reduction in one area doesn’t cause an increase in emissions somewhere else).
For more information on carbon offsets, including verification standards and examples of verified carbon offset projects, visit carbonneutral.com/carbon-offsets.
If you are interested in using carbon offsets alongside your internal reduction efforts to reduce the carbon footprint of your business please email [email protected] or telephone +44 (0)20 7833 6000.
The CarbonNeutral Protocol is the global standard for carbon neutrality, guaranteeing the integrity and credibility of carbon neutral claims. The CarbonNeutral Protocol is developed in consultation with The CarbonNeutral Company’s Advisory Forum (AF), a team of independent experts who ensure quality and integrity.
The CarbonNeutral Protocol describes the requirements for achieving CarbonNeutral® certification and controls employed by The CarbonNeutral Company to ensure the correct use of CarbonNeutral® logos.
To provide consistency across a wide range of possible situations, The CarbonNeutral Protocol provides for a number of different CarbonNeutral® certifications corresponding to different entities, products and activities. These certifications are grouped into three classes:
Entities: defined by legal status and spatial boundaries, covering all types of organisations, including companies and public sector bodies, households, individuals and sub-divisions of these.
Products: physical goods produced for sale. Products include standard consumer goods such as milk, paper or computers, or single use or custom built products such as buildings or urban developments. Products can be considered for carbon neutrality on either a cradle-to-customer or cradle- to-grave basis.
Activity: defined by the delivery of utility through a combination of mobile and stationary activities, including traditional transportation services (flights, car journeys, logistics etc), information provision such as hosting of data, or professional services, and one-off events that involve a combination of mobile and stationary activities.
To discuss how CarbonNeutral® certification can help your organisation increase revenue, manage costs and engage stakeholders call +44(0) 20 7833 6000 or email [email protected].
About The CarbonNeutral Company Since 1997 The CarbonNeutral Company has helped businesses reduce their carbon footprint in order to increase revenue, manage costs and engage stakeholders. We are a world-leading provider of carbon reduction solutions and were named the Best Offset Retailer by Environmental Finance.
To find out more about how reducing your carbon emissions can help you meet your business objectives please telephone +44 (0)20 7833 6000, email [email protected], or visit carbonneutral.com.
You can also register for our email at carbonneutral.com/carbon-copy, and download our free whitepapers to learn more about how carbon management works and the beneficial role it can play for your organisation at carbonneutral.com/knowledge-centre/white-papers.
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