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created for 5th grade science classroom
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Cells
What is a cell?
What’s inside a cell?
What are the differences between animal cells and plant cells.
What is a cell?• A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
• The cells theory states the following:– All living things are made up of cells. – All cells come from preexisting cells through
cell division. Red Blood Cells
Onion CellsCheek (Skin) Cells
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
What is inside a cell?• Cells are made up of
parts called organelles or “little organs”.
• The parts of a cell that we are going to discuss include:– Cell Membrane– Cell Wall– Nucleus– Cytoplasm– Chloroplasts– Vacuoles– Mitochondria
• Some organelles are only found in plant cells. – These include cell walls
and chloroplasts.– The vacuoles found in
plant cells are larger.
Cell Membrane
• Surrounds a cell, allows certain materials to enter the cell and waste products to exit
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Tough material surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells.
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Nucleus • Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Cytoplasm
• All the material of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell
membrane
• Contains hereditary
material
Mitochondria
• The cell’s power producers.
• Mitochondria combine oxygen and food to produce energy in the process of cellular respiration.
• Controls level of water and other materials in cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Larger in plant cells• Help plants maintain
shape by storing water
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Uses the energy in sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen (a process called photosynthesis)
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
What are the differences between plant and animal cells?
• Plant cells are much like animal cells, except for 3 important differences.– Plant cells have cell walls, which make them appear
rectangular-shaped. These structures are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and a variety of other materials.
– Plant cells have chlorophyll, the light-absorbing pigment required for photosynthesis. This pigment is contained in structures called chloroplasts, which makes plants appear green.
– Plants cells have a large, central vacuole. While animal cells may have one or more small vacuoles, they do not take up the volume that the central vacuole does (up to 90% of the entire cell volume!). The vacuole stores water and ions, and may be used for storage of toxins.
Plant Cell vs Animal Cell
What am I, plant or animal?
Plant Cell Animal Cell
Pictures of cells
Cancer cell being attacked by the immune system
Cheek (Skin) Cells
Nerve Cells
Liver Cells
A plant cell from the leaf
of a poplar tree
Seaweed under a microscopePlant cell with nucleus very visible
Stomach Cells
Muscle Cells
Bone Cells
Cardiac Muscle (Heart) Cells
Very thin slice of plant skin
Orchid (flower) cellsLeaf Cells of Moss
Cells in a
plant root
Credit Slide
• Pictures were found via yahoo image search.
• Some information was found via yahoo search.
• Some information was retrieved from Science-Class.net