Cementite and associates lab 3

1. MAT E 461 Lab 3 Cryogenic Heat TreatmentTeam Members:Amandeep Bhamber, Matt Riverin,Kaitlin Johnston and Josh Neufeld

2. INTRODUCTIONHired by DEEEEEP COLDDD Heat TreatmentObjective: Determine optimal cryogenic heat treatment processing conditions to minimize wear rate Perform a DOE analysis to determine which processing variables have the greatest effect on wear rate 3. BACKGROUND Cryogenic heat treatment affectsmechanical properties this changesa materials wear rate. Four processing variables in a DOEanalysis are examined to determinemaximum effect related to cryogenicheat treatment The DOE analysis is used to determinewhich variables have the largest effecton wear rate 4. EXPERIMENTAL: TAGUCHI (1) LegendBlue: Negative TestTempering Soak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling RateWear LossABC D mg Design of1-1-1 -1 -14.02Experiment 2 1-1 -1 -13.97 3-11-1 -13.83 4 11-1 -13.79 Taguchi Method 5-1-11 -13.28 6 1-11 -13.22 7-11 1 -12.89 8 11 1 -12.82 9-1-1 -114.0810 1-1 -114.0511-11-113.9012 11-113.8513-1-1113.8914 1-1113.3015-11 113.0216 11 113.00 AVG (1) 3.50 3.393.18 3.64 AVG (-1)3.61 3.733.94 3.48 Effect-0.11 -0.34-0.760.16 Abs. Effect 0.11 0.340.76 0.16 5. EXPERIMENTAL: TAGUCHI (2) LegendBlue: NegativeAB ACADBCBDCD ABCABDACD BCD ABCD Wear Loss mg 1 111 11-1 -1 -1-11 4.02 -1 -1-1 1 11111 -1-13.97 -111 -1-1111-11 -13.83 1-1-1-1-11-1 -1 1 1 1 3.79 1-11 -1 1-1 1-1 1 1 -13.28 -11-1-1 1-1 -1 1-11 1 3.22 -1 -111-1-1 -1 11 -11 2.89 1 1-1 1-1-1 1-1 -1-1-12.82 1 1-1 1-1-1 -1 11 1 -14.08 -1 -111-1-1 1-1 -11 1 4.05 -11-1-1 1-1 1-1 1 -11 3.90 1-11 -1 1-1 -1 1-1-1-13.85 1-1-1-1-1111-1-11 3.89 -111 -1-11-1 -1 1 -1-13.30 -1 -1-1 1 11-1 -1 -11 -13.02 1 111 11111 1 1 3.003.59 3.52 3.53 3.483.533.60 3.59 3.593.533.53 3.60 AVG (1)3.52 3.59 3.59 3.633.583.51 3.52 3.523.593.58 3.52 AVG (-1)0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.15 -0.05 0.09 0.07 0.07 -0.06 -0.05 0.08 Effect0.07 0.07 0.06 0.150.050.09 0.07 0.070.060.05 0.08 Abs. Effect 6. EXPERIMENTAL: NORMAL PROBABILITY Absolute EffectVariable Abs. Effect Average Cum. Prob. Normsinv BD0.05 0.03-1.83 Average Cumulative ProbabilityBCD0.05 0.10-1.28 AD0.06 0.17-0.97o Example:ACD0.06 0.23-0.73 AB0.07 0.30-0.52o BD: (1/(Neffects*2)) = (1/(14*2)) = 0.03 AC0.07 0.37-0.34ABC0.07 0.43-0.17o BCD: 0.03 + (1/14) = 0.10ABD0.07 0.50 0.00ABCD 0.08 0.57 0.17 Normsinv CD0.09 0.63 0.34A0.11 0.70 0.52 BC0.15 0.77 0.73D0.16 0.83 0.97Most EffectB0.34 0.90 1.28C0.76 0.97 1.83Range0.07 7. EXPERIMENTAL: HALF-NORMAL PLOT Half Normal Probability PlotLegend:2.50BC: Soak time*cryogenic 2.00temperatureCD: Cooling rate from RT to 1.50Bcryogenic T1.00 DB: Cryogenic soaking time0.50BCC: Cryogenic temperature Probability 0.00 0 0.10.2 0.30.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -0.50 -1.00 -1.50 -2.00 -2.50Effect 8. EXPERIMENTAL: CODED REGRESSION Variable Ranges: Regression Output: A: - or +C: - or + CoefficientsIntercept3.56 B -0.17 B: - or +D: - or + C -0.38 D 0.08BC -0.08Most Influential Effects:Soak Soak Cooling CoolingTime*Cooling Time TemperatureRateTemperatureB C D BC Equation: (-0.17)B + (-0.38)C + (0.08)D + (-0.08)BC +3.56 = Wear Rate (mg) 9. EXPERIMENTAL: UNCODED REGRESSION Variable Ranges:Regression Output: A: -150 or +200 C C: - -80 or + -184 C Coefficients Intercept4.3235B 0.0025 B: -6 or +24 hrD: -1.0 or +3.0 C/sC 0.0049D 0.0794 BC 0.0002Most Influential Effects: SoakCooling Cooling TimeTemperatureRate ST*CT B CD BC(h) (oC)(oC/s) (oC h)Equation: (0.0025)B + (0.0049)C + (0.0794)D + (0.0002)BC + 4.3235 = Wear Rate (mg) 10. EXPERIMENTAL: F-TESTLegend:BC: Soak time*cryogenictemperatureD: Cooling rate from RT tocryogenic TB: Cryogenic soaking timeC: Cryogenic temperature 11. RESULTS Obtaining DataTest Tempering Soak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling RateA BCD BC Wear Lossmg 1-1-1 -1 -114.02 21 -1 -1 -113.97 3-11-1 -1-1 3.83 41 1-1 -1-1 3.79 5-1-1 1-1-1 3.28 61 -1 1-1-1 3.22 7-111-112.89 81 11-112.82 9-1-1 -1 1 14.08101 -1 -1 1 14.0511-11-1 1 -1 3.90121 1-1 1 -1 3.8513-1-1 11 -1 3.89141 -1 11 -1 3.3015-1111 13.02161 111 13.00 12. RESULTS Expanded DataTest TemperingSoak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling Rate A BCDABAC ADBCBDCD ABCABDACDBCD ABCD Wear Loss mg 1 -1-1 -1 -11 11 1 11-1 -1 -1 -1 1 4.02 2 1 -1 -1 -1 -1-1-11 11 111 -1 -13.97 3 -11-1 -1 -1 11-1 -1 1 11 -11 -13.83 4 1 1-1 -11-1-1 -1 -1 1-1 -111 1 3.79 5 -1-1 1-11-11-1 1-11 -111 -13.28 6 1 -1 1-1 -1 1-1 -1 1-1 -11 -11 1 3.22 7 -111-1 -1-11 1 -1 -1 -111 -1 1 2.89 8 1 11-11 1-11 -1 -11 -1 -1 -1 -12.82 9 -1-1 -1 1 1 1-11 -1 -1 -1111 -14.0810 1 -1 -1 1-1-11 1 -1 -11 -1 -11 1 4.0511 -11-1 1-1 1-1 -1 1-11 -11 -1 1 3.9012 1 1-1 1 1-11-1 1-1 -11 -1 -1 -13.8513 -1-1 11 1-1-1 -1 -1 1 11 -1 -1 1 3.8914 1 -1 11-1 11-1 -1 1-1 -11 -1 -13.3015 -1111-1-1-11 11-1 -1 -11 -13.0216 1 111 1 11 1 11 1111 1 3.00Tempering Soak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling RateA B CDABAC AD BCBD CDABCABDACDBCD ABCD AVG (1) 3.503.39 3.183.64 3.593.523.533.483.53 3.60 3.59 3.59 3.53 3.533.60 AVG (-1)3.613.73 3.943.48 3.523.593.593.633.58 3.51 3.52 3.52 3.59 3.583.52 Effect -0.11 -0.34 -0.76 0.16 0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.15 -0.05 0.09 0.07 0.07 -0.06-0.05 0.08 Abs. Effect 0.110.34 0.760.16 0.070.070.060.150.05 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.050.08 13. RESULTS Half-Normal PlotHalf Normal Probability PlotVariable Abs. EffectAverage Cumm. Prob. Normsinv 2.50 BD 0.050.03-1.83 2.00CBCD 0.050.10-1.28 AD 0.060.17-0.971.50 BACD 0.060.23-0.73 D 1.00 AB 0.070.30-0.52 0.50 Probability AC 0.070.37-0.34BCABC 0.070.43-0.170.00ABD 0.070.500.00 0 0.10.2 0.30.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -0.50 ABCD 0.080.570.17 CD 0.090.630.34 -1.00A 0.110.700.52 -1.50 BC 0.150.770.73 -2.00 Legend:D 0.160.830.97B 0.340.901.28 -2.50 BC: Soak time*cryogenicEffectC 0.760.971.83 temperature Range0.07 D: Cooling rate from RT to cryogenic T B: Cryogenic soaking time C: Cryogenic temperature 14. RESULTS Coded Linear Regression Test Soak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling RateWear Loss PredictedResidualsB CD BC Wear Loss (mg) (mg) (mg)1 -1-1 -1 14.02 3.950.072 -1-1 -1 13.97 3.950.023 1 -1 -1-13.83 3.760.074 1 -1 -1-13.79 3.760.035 -11-1-13.28 3.34 -0.066 -11-1-13.22 3.34 -0.127 1 1-1 12.89 2.850.048 1 1-1 12.82 2.85 -0.039 -1-11 14.08 4.11 -0.03 10 -1-11 14.05 4.11 -0.06 11 1 -11-13.90 3.92 -0.02 12 1 -11-13.85 3.92 -0.07 13 -11 1-13.89 3.500.39 14 -11 1-13.30 3.50 -0.20 15 1 1 1 13.02 3.010.01 16 1 1 1 13.00 3.01 -0.01 SUMMARY OUTPUT CoefficientsStandard ErrorIntercept3.560.04Regression Statistics B-0.17 0.04 Multiple R0.963C-0.38 0.04 R Square0.927D0.080.04 Adjusted R Square 0.900BC -0.08 0.04 Standard Error0.146 Observations16 15. RESULTS Uncoded Linear Regression Test Soak Time Cooling Temperature Cooling Rate Wear LossPredicted ResidualsB CDBCWear Loss(h)(oC)(oC/s)( oC h) (mg) (mg)(mg)16 -801 -480 4.02 3.950.0726 -801 -480 3.97 3.950.023 24 -801-1920 3.83 3.760.074 24 -801-1920 3.79 3.760.0356-1841-1104 3.28 3.34-0.0666-1841-1104 3.22 3.34-0.127 24-1841-4416 2.89 2.850.048 24-1841-4416 2.82 2.85-0.0396 -803 -480 4.08 4.11-0.0310 6 -803 -480 4.05 4.11-0.061124 -803-1920 3.90 3.92-0.021224 -803-1920 3.85 3.92-0.0713 6-1843-1104 3.89 3.500.3914 6-1843-1104 3.30 3.50-0.201524-1843-4416 3.02 3.010.011624-1843-4416 3.00 3.01-0.01SUMMARY OUTPUT CoefficientsStandard Error Intercept 4.32350.2065 Regression Statistics B 0.00250.0110Multiple R 0.963 C 0.00490.0014R Square 0.927 D 0.07940.0364Adjusted R Square0.900Standard Error 0.146 BC0.00020.0001Observations 16 Predicted Wear Loss = 3.49 +/- 0.15 mg 16. RESULTS ANOVA/F-ValuesANOVAN= 16Source SS DFMS F Value V1/V2 F Table (10%) F Table (5%) F Table (2.5%) F Table (1%) F Table (0.5%) F Table (0.1%)Model2.87540.71910.14 4/112.54 3.364.285.676.8810.35C2.31012.31032.58 1/113.23 4.846.729.65 12.2319.69B0.46210.462 6.52 1/113.23 4.846.729.65 12.2319.69D0.10210.102 1.44 1/113.23 4.846.729.65 12.2319.69BC 0.09010.090 1.27 1/113.23 4.846.729.65 12.2319.69Residual 0.78011 0.071BD 0.0501BCD0.0501F value > F Table Half Normal ProbabilityAD 0.0601ACD0.0601Model< 0.5% Confidence PlotAB 0.0701Cryogenic Temperature (C) < 0.1% Confidence3.00C2.00BAC 0.0701Cryogenic Hold Time (B) 10% Confidence 0.00 BCABD0.0701 Hold Time & Cryo. Temp (BC) > 10% Confidence-1.00 0 0.20.4 0.6 0.8ABCD 0.0801 -2.00CD 0.0901 -3.00A0.1101 Effect 17. RECOMMENDATIONS Linear Relation (0.0025)B + (0.0049)C+ (0.079)D + (0.002)BC + 4.3235 = Wear rateGuess and Check within the limits of thepossible ranges for operating conditions Soaking time Cryogenic Temp.Final minimized wear loss = 2.85mg Cooling rate 18. CONCLUSIONS From the DOE analysis: Cryogenic temperature, cooling rate and soaking time all affect wear rate From the given conditions, the anticipated wear rate was found to be 3.49 0.15 mgProcessing VariableAbsolute Effect Optimized ConditionsProcess/interactions VariableTempering Temperature 0.11 Cryogenic Soaking Time24 hrs Cryogenic Temperature-184 CelsiusCryogenic Temperature and Soaking Time0.15 Cryogenic Cooling Rate 1 Celsius/secondCryogenic Cooling Rate0.16Cryogenic Soaking Time0.34 Cryogenic Temperature and Soaking Time-4416 Cryogenic Temperature After Normalization0.76 Wear loss2.85 mg

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Cementite and associates lab 3