PRACTICE II: Introduction to the PRACTICE II: Introduction to the Subject.Subject.

Jeremy Harmer: (2007)Jeremy Harmer: (2007)The Practice of English Laguage Teaching.The Practice of English Laguage Teaching.

Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, UNLPam.Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, UNLPam.Profesor Adjunto RegularProfesor Adjunto Regular: Estela N. Braun.: Estela N. Braun.

Auxiliar docenteAuxiliar docente: Liliana I. Monserrat: Liliana I. Monserrat..

Chapter 1: The changing world Chapter 1: The changing world of English.of English.

Why is English regarded as a Why is English regarded as a lingua lingua franca? franca? Justa s in the Middle Ages Latin Justa s in the Middle Ages Latin was the language for international was the language for international communication in the Roman Empire.communication in the Roman Empire.

English is now commonly used between English is now commonly used between i.e. Argentinian and Chinese people doing i.e. Argentinian and Chinese people doing business .business .

Braj Kachru’s circles (1985)Braj Kachru’s circles (1985)

What is a LINGUA FRANCA?What is a LINGUA FRANCA?

“ “ A LANGUAGE WIDELY ADOPTED FOR A LANGUAGE WIDELY ADOPTED FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO SPEAKERS WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGES SPEAKERS WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGES ARE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER’S AND ARE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER’S AND WHERE ONE OR BOTH SPEAKERS ARE WHERE ONE OR BOTH SPEAKERS ARE USING IT AS AN L2”USING IT AS AN L2”It is one of the main languages for It is one of the main languages for international communication.international communication.Spread use of English words.Spread use of English words.Borrowings by English from other languages.Borrowings by English from other languages.

A language HistoryA language History

Linguistic Imperialism:Linguistic Imperialism:http://http://A colonial history.A colonial history.

Economics: call centers, marketing, Economics: call centers, marketing, customer services. (Post-modern customer services. (Post-modern globalization, Suresh Canagarajah,2005)globalization, Suresh Canagarajah,2005)

Information Exchange(journals, www)Information Exchange(journals, www)Travel (Tourism, traffic control)Travel (Tourism, traffic control)Popular culture (Hollywood-Bollywood,Popular culture (Hollywood-Bollywood,the the

cultural domination of American movies).cultural domination of American movies).

Robert PhillipsonRobert Phillipson

Estela Braun spotted this on the guardian.co.uk site and thought Estela Braun spotted this on the guardian.co.uk site and thought you should see it.you should see it.

To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go totohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/mar/13/linguistic-http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/mar/13/linguistic-imperialism-english-language-teachingimperialism-english-language-teaching

Linguistic imperialism/fucntion of geopolitical conquest/economic Linguistic imperialism/fucntion of geopolitical conquest/economic globalziation BUT it may have a positive effect: globalziation BUT it may have a positive effect: minority language minority language communities with a sgrong identity try to preserve and communities with a sgrong identity try to preserve and promote the language they represent. (House, 2001)promote the language they represent. (House, 2001)

US and UK policy to promote English language teaching expertise US and UK policy to promote English language teaching expertise around the world is undermining multilingualism and education around the world is undermining multilingualism and education opportunitiesopportunities

Robert PhillipsonRobert PhillipsonFriday March 16 2012Friday March 16 2012Guardian Weekly Guardian Weekly

English as a Global LanguageEnglish as a Global Language

This is a world marked by This is a world marked by cultrual cultrual intermixing and growing multilingualism.intermixing and growing multilingualism.

What impact does English have on the What impact does English have on the languages it comes into contact with?languages it comes into contact with?

Language death Language death phenomenon. phenomenon.

The future of English?David Crystal The future of English?David Crystal (2003:191): (2003:191): “If in 500 years English is the only “If in 500 years English is the only language left to be learnt it will have been the greatest language left to be learnt it will have been the greatest intelectual disaster that the planet has ever known”.intelectual disaster that the planet has ever known”.

VARIETIES OF ENGLISH:VARIETIES OF ENGLISH:

American vs. British English.American vs. British English.

Australian learners’dictionary. Australian learners’dictionary. Barbecue/Barbie. Train /dipthong Barbecue/Barbie. Train /dipthong pronunciation).pronunciation).

British English: for Londoners take-British English: for Londoners take-away, for Scottish people a carry-out.away, for Scottish people a carry-out.

Different accents within England: love.Different accents within England: love.

Sociolinguistics:Sociolinguistics:

Factors such as geography, social class, Factors such as geography, social class, ethnic grouping and sex affect the language ethnic grouping and sex affect the language being used. Cockney. RP pronunciation. “being used. Cockney. RP pronunciation. “It is It is still the case that many British people ascribe still the case that many British people ascribe status, educational background, and social status, educational background, and social position to a person largely on the basis of their position to a person largely on the basis of their accent.”accent.”

USA: varieties of American English, Boston USA: varieties of American English, Boston and Ohio.Black English, Hispanic English, and Ohio.Black English, Hispanic English, Chinese English,etc.Chinese English,etc.

APPROPRIATE MODELS OF ENGLISH:APPROPRIATE MODELS OF ENGLISH:

What variety should teachers adopt?What variety should teachers adopt?WORLD ENGLISHES/GLOBAL WORLD ENGLISHES/GLOBAL ENGLISH.ENGLISH.Move from the inner to the outer circle. Move from the inner to the outer circle. As the students’level of English As the students’level of English increases, try to expose them to as increases, try to expose them to as many varieties as possible. many varieties as possible.

““The safest conclusion to draw is that The safest conclusion to draw is that teachers should work with the variety that teachers should work with the variety that best reflects their own language use, best reflects their own language use, always provided talways provided that this will be hat this will be undersunderstood by most other English tood by most other English speakers in the world, and the speakers speakers in the world, and the speakers that the students are most likely to come that the students are most likely to come into contact with”.into contact with”.

EFL, ESL, ESOL & ELFEFL, ESL, ESOL & ELF

GENERAL ENGLISH COURSES VS. GENERAL ENGLISH COURSES VS. SPECIFIC/ACADEMIC (ESP-EAP).SPECIFIC/ACADEMIC (ESP-EAP).

ESOL: ESOL: English to Speakers of other English to Speakers of other languages.languages.

English as a Lingua Franca English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)(ELF)

Non-use of 3rd person present simple: Non-use of 3rd person present simple: She look very sad.She look very sad.

Interchangeable use of WHICH and WHOInterchangeable use of WHICH and WHOOmission of articlesOmission of articlesUse of only one question tag: Isn’t it?Use of only one question tag: Isn’t it?Pluralization of uncountable nounsPluralization of uncountable nouns

World English EducationWorld English Education

Immersion colonies.Immersion colonies.CLILCLILTKT, CELTA, DELTA exams for teachersTKT, CELTA, DELTA exams for teachersIntercultural awareness or pluricentrityIntercultural awareness or pluricentrityPrestige varieties(British, Australian, Prestige varieties(British, Australian,

American English)American English)AccentsAccentsLanguage is bound up with identityLanguage is bound up with identity