Concept

• +Problem solving stage:

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បបប បបបបបបបបប បបបដោះ�យស្គារការបញ្ហាE ទ្ធ!ញតិ�វបា ថយច្បា��ដោះ�យស្គារផ្ល!តិផ្លមួ! ស្"ង�� ហុស្ស្មួGយ ជាដោះដំ$មួ។

• Decision Making (Programmed/non-Programmed)+ Decision Making -Programmed Decision Making: វាជាស្ក់មួHភា�ប�ចាំ�ថ�មួយ

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ដោះT$យ។

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តិ�វទ្ធ!ញដោះទ្ធYតិ។

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• +Decision Models (Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches) -Optimization Model: ក់,�ងបណា" លOrganization ជាច្បា� ដែតិងដែតិដែស្Kងរក់

បបបដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដំ\ល:ប�ផ្�តិមួយដោះដំ$មួ%$ដោះ��ស្�យបញ្ហា� ផ្�ងដែដំលមា ក់,�ងក់�មួហុ@� ជ្ បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបបបបបប បបបកាល�ដោះប$មួ! ដោះ��ស្�យដោះ&យបា ល:ដោះទ្ធក់�មួហុ@� ដោះនាំ� 0ងឈា ដំល�ការដំលរល�

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ដោះJK$តាមួការដែណនាំ�ឬតាមួច្បា3ប�ដែដំលបា ដែច្បាង ជាងដោះ �ដោះ7ដោះទ្ធYតិ !តិ!វ ]J$ផ្�ងៗតិ�វបា អ្ន �វតិ"ដោះដំ$មួ%$ទ្ធទ្ធលបា ដោះជាMជ្Gយ ដោះហុ$យវាជាJមួHតាស្�ងរក់ដំ�ដោះណា�ស្�យដំ=

ស្មួរមួgមួយ។

• +Benefits of IS and DSS

• Information System តិ�វាបា ក់�ណតិ�ថាជាការទ្ធ�នាំក់�ទ្ធ� ងច្បា�ដោះណ�បបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបបប បបបបបប បបដំ0ង�$ប�ភ�មួយដោះ7ប�ភ�មួយឬ�$មួ �ស្`ដោះ7មួ �ស្`មួយដោះទ្ធYតិដោះហុ$យវា

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• -Benefit of IS

• *Added value to products (goods and services)*Better safety*Better service*Competitive advantages*Fewer errors*Greater accuracy (មា ភា�តិ�មួតិ�វច្បា3ស្�លាស្�)*Higher-quality products*Improved communications*Increased efficiency (បដោះងN$ ផ្ល!តិភា�)*Increased productivity (បដោះងN$ ផ្ល!តិផ្ល)*More efficient administration*More opportunities*Reduced labor requirements*Reduced costs*Superior financial decision making*Superior control over operations

• *Superior managerial decision making

• -Benefit of DSS

• *Time savings

• *Enhance effectiveness

• *Improve interpersonal communication

• *Competitive advantage

• *Cost reduction

• *Increase decision maker satisfaction

• *Promote learning

• *Increase organizational control

• +MIS: • Management information systems refer to the

practice of integrating computer systems, hardware and software used to meet an organization’s strategic goals. A MIS basically provides companies with four different types of information: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive and prescriptive. A MIS has become very important in the areas of strategic support, data processing and managing by objectives. Because a MIS provides enormous amounts of information many companies think they make great investments. This holds true only if the information gained from the MIS generates a change in a company’s harmful behavior.

•  

Principles of Information Systems, Tenth Edition 10

DSS is a computer-based information system that provide interactive information supports to manager and business professionals during the decision making process.

DSS

Components of DSS

Comparison of DSS & MIS

• +DSS-Provide information and decision support

techniques to analyze specific problems.

-Interactive inquiries and responses.

-Ad hoc, flezible and adoptable format.

-Information produced by analytical modeling of business data.

+MIS:-Provide information about the performance of the organization.

-Periodic, exception, demand, push reports and responses.

-Prespecified, fixed format.

-Information produced by extraction and manipulation of business data.

• Characteristics of a DSS:

• 1.Facilitation: DSS facilitate and support specific decision-making activities and/or decision processes.

• 2. Interaction: DSS are computer-based systems designed for interactive use by decision makers or staff users who control the sequence of interaction and the operations performed.

• 3. Ancillary: DSS can support decision makers at any level in an organization. They are not interded to replace decision makers.

• 4. Repeated Use: DSS are intended for repeated use. A specific DSS may be used routinely or used as needed for ad hoc decision support tasks.

5. Task-oriented: DSS provide specific capabilities that support one or more tasks related to decision-making, including: intelligence and data analysis ; identification and design of alternatives; choice among alternatives; and decision implementation.

6. Identifiable : DSS are intended to improve the accuracy , timeliness, quality and overall effectiveness of a specific decision or a set of related decision.

7. Decision Impact : DSS are intended to improve the accuracy , timeliness, quality and overall effectiveness of a specific decision or a set of related decisions.

-Capabilities of a DSS:

1. A DSS provides support for decision makers at all management levels, whether individuals or groups, mainly in semistructured and unstructured situations, by bringing together human judgement and objective information.

2. A DSS supports several interdependent and/or sequential decisions.

3. A DSS supports all phases of the decision-making process-intelligence, design, choice, and implementation-as well as a variety of decision making processes and styles.

4. A DSS is adaptable by the user over time to deal with changing conditions.

5. A DSS is easy to construct and use in many cases.

6. A DSS promotes learning, which leads to new demands and refinement of the current application, which leads to additional learning, and so forth.

7. A DSS usually utilizes quantitative models (standard and/or custom made).

8. Advanced DSSs are equipped with a knowledge management component that allows the efficient and effective solution of very complex problems.

9. A DSS can be disseminated for use via the web.

10. A DSS allows the easy execution of sensitivity analyses.

GSS

-GSS are information system that aim to make group meetings more productive by offering electronic support for a variety of meeting activities

-GSS software packages:– Collabnet– OpenMind– TeamWare

• Decision room:– Decision makers are located in the same building or

geographic area– Decision makers are occasional users of the GSS

approach

• Local area decision network:– Group members are located in the same building or

geographic area– Group decision making is frequent

ESS

An Executive Support System (ESS) is software that allows users to transform enterprise data into quickly accessible and executive-level reports, such as those used by billing, accounting and staffing departments. An ESS enhances decision making for executives

-Capabilities of an ESS:

•Support for defining overall vision

•Support for strategic planning

•Support for strategic organizing and staffing

•Support for strategic control

•Support for crisis management